scholarly journals Removal of Copper, Nickel, and Zinc Ions from an Aqueous Solution through Electrochemical and Nanofiltration Membrane Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Jagdeesh Kumar ◽  
Himanshu Joshi ◽  
Sandeep K. Malyan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Central Composite

Heavy metal contamination in water is a major health concern, directly related to rapid growth in industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in agriculture. Keeping this in view, the present study has attempted to develop models for the process optimization of nanofiltration (NF) membrane and electrocoagulation (EC) processes for the removal of copper, nickel, and zinc from an aqueous solution, employing the response surface methodology (RSM). The variable factors were feed concentration, temperature, pH, and pressure for the NF membrane process; and time, solution pH, feed concentration, and current for the EC process, respectively. The central composite design (CCD), the most commonly used fractional factorial design, was employed to plan the experiments. RSM models were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). For the NF membrane, the rejection of Zn, Ni, and Cu was observed as 98.64%, 90.54%, and 99.79% respectively; while the removal of these through the EC process was observed as 99.81%, 99.99%, and 99.98%, respectively. The above findings and a comparison with the conventional precipitation and adsorption processes apparently indicate an advantage in employing the NF and EC processes. Further, between the two, the EC process emerged as more efficient than the NF process for the removal of the studied metals.

scholarly journals Adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution onto sugarcane bagasse: central composite design for optimization of process variables

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagnik Chakraborty ◽  
Shamik Chowdhury ◽  
Papita Das Saha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Initial Solution ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

The adsorption of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution by sugarcane bagasse (SCB), an agro-industrial residue, was investigated in a batch experimental setup. A two level four factor (24) full factorial central composite design (CCD) with the help of Design Expert Version 7.1.6 (Stat-Ease, USA) was used for adsorption process optimization and evaluation of interaction effects of different operating parameters: agitation speed (80–180 rpm), initial solution pH (4.0–8.0), initial dye concentration (100–200 mg L–1), and adsorbent dose (2–5 g L–1). A multiple coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.98, model F value of 266.36 and its low P-value (<0.0001) along with lower value of coefficient of variation (2.70%) indicated the fitness of the response surface quadratic model developed during the present study. Numerical optimization applying desirability function was used to identify the optimum conditions for maximum removal of CV. The optimum conditions were found to be agitation speed = 165 rpm, initial solution pH = 8.0, initial dye concentration = 200 mg L–1 and adsorbent dose = 2.0 g L–1. A confirmatory experiment was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the optimization procedure and maximum CV removal of 93.21% was achieved under the optimized conditions.

scholarly journals The Application of Response Surface Methodology for Lead Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Intercalated Tartrate-Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamin Yasin ◽  
Maszlin Mohamad ◽  
Faujan B. H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Lead Ion ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Optimization Parameters ◽  
Central Composite

Layered double hydroxide intercalated with tartrate (tartrate-Mg-Al) was used as an adsorbent to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of various optimization parameters such as contact time, solution pH, lead ion concentrations, and adsorbent dosage were investigated by the use of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a four-level four-variable Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was employed to evaluate the interactive effects of the various optimization parameters. The parameters were contact time (6–10 h), solution pH (1–3), adsorbent dosage (0.06–0.1 g), and lead ion concentrations (10–30 mg/L). The percentage of lead ions removal for each of the parameters studied was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer. Simultaneously by increasing contact time and amount of dosage of tartrate-Mg-Al used the percentage of lead ions removal from aqueous solution will increase; however, the percentage removal decreases with an increase in pH and concentrations of lead ions. The experimental percentage removal recorded under optimum conditions was compared well with the maximum predicted value from the RSM, which suggest that Central Composite Rotatable Design of RSM can be used to study the removal of lead from aqueous solution by the use of tartrate-Mg-Al as an adsorbent.

Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Adsorption of Copper Ions onto Pomelo Peel (Citrus grandis)

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzahan Begum ◽  
Aimi Noorliyana ◽  
Md Fazlul Bari ◽  
Norzilah Abdul Halif ◽  
Nur Hidayah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pomelo Peel ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Studies

The ability of pomelo peel (PP) as natural adsorbent to remove Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution was investigated. The influence of solution pH, contact time and temperature were evaluated. Cu (II) removal increased as the pH of the solution increased and the maximum value reached at pH 6. The adsorption was relatively fast (30 min). Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudosecondorder model. At low temperature the adsorption was not affected but at high temperature it was reduced. PP is considered as low cost material that shows potential to be applied in wastewater technology for remediation of heavy metal contamination.

Lotus seedpod as a low-cost biomass for potential methylene blue adsorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2560-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiulai He ◽  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Zhuocheng Zou ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Lotus Seedpod

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) by low cost biomass lotus seedpod (LSP) was optimized by a central composite design combined with response surface methodology in aqueous solution. Solution pH, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were studied as independent variables at five levels each, respectively. Analysis of variance suggested the validity of the regression model. LSP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The kinetics revealed that the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to evaluate the adsorption, and the experimental data were better fitted by the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the LSP was 157.98 mg g−1 at 30 °C for MB adsorption. In addition, 0.2 M HCl solution could be used for reusability of LSP via desorption tests. LSP was proven to be an available and effective biosorbent for MB removal from aqueous solution.

Heterogeneous Fenton Catalytic Removal of Organic Pollutant in Aqueous Solution by using Coal Gangue as a Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-325
Author(s):  
Jiwei Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Shuaixia Liu ◽  
Baoxiang Gu ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray

Background: Coal gangue was used as a catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton process for the degradation of azo dye and phenol. The influencing factors, such as solution pH gangue concentration and hydrogen peroxide dosage were investigated, and the reaction mechanism between coal gangue and hydrogen peroxide was also discussed. Methods: Experimental results showed that coal gangue has the ability to activate hydrogen peroxide to degrade environmental pollutants in aqueous solution. Under optimal conditions, after 60 minutes of treatment, more than 90.57% of reactive red dye was removed, and the removal efficiency of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) up to 72.83%. Results: Both hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical anion participated in the degradation of organic pollutant but hydroxyl radical predominated. Stability tests for coal gangue were also carried out via the continuous degradation experiment and ion leakage analysis. After five times continuous degradation, dye removal rate decreased slightly and the leached Fe was still at very low level (2.24-3.02 mg L-1). The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) indicated that coal gangue catalyst is stable after five times continuous reuse. Conclusion: The progress in this research suggested that coal gangue is a potential nature catalyst for the efficient degradation of organic pollutant in water and wastewater via the Fenton reaction.

scholarly journals Environmental Detection and Potential Transmission of Equine Herpesviruses

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Anisha Dayaram ◽  
Peter A. Seeber ◽  
Alex D. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Environmental Detection ◽  
Environmental Transmission ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Equine Herpesviruses ◽  
Important Disease

Equine herpesviruses (EHV) are a major health concern for domestic and wild equids and represent one of the most economically important disease agents of horses. Most known EHVs are transmitted directly between individuals as a result of direct exposure to exudates and aerosols. However, accumulating evidence suggests that environmental transmission may play a role including air, water, and fomites. Here, we reviewed studies on environmental stability and transmission of EHVs, which may influence viral dynamics and the use of environmental samples for monitoring EHV shedding.

scholarly journals Removal of Chromium(III) and Cadmium(II) Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Treated Date Seeds: An Eco-Friendly Method

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3718
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azam ◽  
Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur ◽  
Mohammad Rizwan Khan ◽  
Saud I. Al-Resayes ◽  
Mohammad Shahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Surface Analysis Techniques ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Metal Elution ◽  
Date Pits

The aim of the research was to prepare low-cost adsorbents, including raw date pits and chemically treated date pits, and to apply these materials to investigate the adsorption behavior of Cr(III) and Cd(II) ions from wastewater. The prepared materials were characterized using SEM, FT-IR and BET surface analysis techniques for investigating the surface morphology, particle size, pore size and surface functionalities of the materials. A series of adsorption processes was conducted in a batch system and optimized by investigating various parameters such as solution pH, contact time, initial metal concentrations and adsorbent dosage. The optimum pH for achieving maximum adsorption capacity was found to be approximately 7.8. The determination of metal ions was conducted using atomic adsorption spectrometry. The experimental results were fitted using isotherm Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and maximum monolayer adsorption capacities for Cr(III) and Cd(II) at 323 K were 1428.5 and 1302.0 mg/g (treated majdool date pits adsorbent) and 1228.5 and 1182.0 mg/g (treated sagai date pits adsorbent), respectively. It was found that the adsorption capacity of H2O2-treated date pits was higher than that of untreated DP. Recovery studies showed maximal metal elution with 0.1 M HCl for all the adsorbents. An 83.3–88.2% and 81.8–86.8% drop in Cr(III) and Cd(II) adsorption, respectively, were found after the five regeneration cycles. The results showed that the Langmuir model gave slightly better results than the Freundlich model for the untreated and treated date pits. Hence, the results demonstrated that the prepared materials could be a low-cost and eco-friendly choice for the remediation of Cr(III) and Cd(II) contaminants from an aqueous solution.

scholarly journals MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3026
Author(s):  
Hyuk Moon ◽  
Simon-Weonsang Ro
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Activating Mutations ◽  
Genetic Events

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health concern worldwide, and its incidence is increasing steadily. Recently, the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in HCC has gained renewed attention from basic and clinical researchers. The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated in more than 50% of human HCC cases; however, activating mutations in RAS and RAF genes are rarely found in HCC, which are major genetic events leading to the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in other cancers. This suggests that there is an alternative mechanism behind the activation of the signaling pathway in HCC. Here, we will review recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the signaling pathway in the context of HCC.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated and Non-Activated Oak Shells: Parametric and Fractional Factorial Design Study. Part II. Removal of Phenol and Dyes

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Sameer Al-Asheh ◽  
Fawzi Banat ◽  
Rana Saeidi ◽  
Salam Abu Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Solution Ph

As in Part I, non-activated (natural) and chemically activated oak shells were evaluated for their ability to remove phenol and Methylene Blue (as a typical dye component) from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of contact time, sorbent concentration, phenol concentration and the pH of the solution on the sorption process. Activated oak shells adsorbed more phenol than natural oak shells under the same conditions. A decrease in sorbent concentration or an increase in phenol concentration or solution pH resulted in an increase in phenol uptake by the oak shells. The uptake of Methylene Blue increased with decreasing sorbent concentration and with an increase in the dye concentration, but decreased significantly with solution pH. According to the fractional factorial design technique, the sorbent type employed (natural or activated) had the most significant influence on phenol or Methylene Blue uptake followed by sorbent concentration and then sorbate concentration. Interaction amongst the different operating variables played an important role in the uptake of phenol or Methylene Blue dye by the adsorbent considered.

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