scholarly journals Evolutionary Maximization of Energy Amount Harvested by Means of Panel of Thermoelectric Modules

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Tomasz Golonek
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Evolutionary Computations ◽  
Thermoelectric Modules ◽  
Concurrent Optimization ◽  
Peltier Modules ◽  
System Temperature ◽  
Global Mppt

This work proposes the use of a specialized algorithm based on evolutionary computation to the global MPPT regulation of panel of thermoelectric modules connected serially in numerous string sections. Each section of the thermovoltaic panel is equipped with local DC/DC converter controlled by the proposed algorithm and finally this allows the optimization of the total efficiency of conversion. Evolutionary computations adjust PWM signals of switching waveforms of DC/DC sectional simple boost converters, which have outputs configured in parallel. It gives the chance to obtain the highest level of electric energy harvested, i.e., thanks to boost converting operational points precise adaptation to the system temperature profile as well as electric load level. The simulation results of the proposed evolutionary technique confirmed the high speed of the MPPT process that is much better than for perturbation and observation, as well as incremental conductance methods, and it assures concurrent optimization of numerous PWM signals. Next, the work shows practical optimization results achieved by the proposed algorithm implemented to microcontroller module controlling the DC/DC converter during thermal to electric conversion experiment. A laboratory thermovoltaic panel was constructed from a string of Peltier modules and radiator that assured passive cooling. The measurements obtained once more proved the MPPT evolutionary regulation properness and its adaptation effectiveness for different resistive test loads.

Electric Energy Consumption Forecasting Based on Economic Variables in Nakhonratchasima, Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 677 ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nopphadon Khodpun ◽  
Sureeporn Meehom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Energy Prediction ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Electric energy is vital for social and economic development. The electric energy consumption forecasting plays an important role for energy management and allocation of resources in the future. In this paper, the influence of economic variables on the annual electric energy consumption in Nakhonratchasima has been investigated. Models are developed by using multiple regression analysis. It is founded that the electric energy consumption correlated with four economic variables, which are gross provincial product (GPP), GPP per capita, the energy sales of liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and high speed diesel usages. The historical electric energy consumption and all variables for the period 2002–2010 have been analyzed in 10 models. The study proposed 5 models for electric energy prediction in 2011. In conclusion, the effective model has been selected by comparison of adjusted R2, mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of the proposed models. Model 3 is acceptable in relation to electric energy consumption forecasting, with adjusted R2 and RMSE equal to 0.9915 and 1.54% respectively. The results indicate that the model using GPP and diesel usages as variables has strong ability to predict future annual electric energy consumption with 4,202,326,368 kWh in 2011.

Analysis of Dynamic Load Level of High-Speed Heavy Vehicle Imposed on Uneven Pavement

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Guo He Guo ◽  
Yu Feng Bai ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Factor Interaction

Based on the significant destructive effect of heavy vehicle on uneven roads, two simplified models of pavement unevenness and vehicle dynamic load were established in accordance with D'A lembert principle, and Matlab software was used to analyze the changing law of dynamic load under the conditions of different road unevenness, vehicle speed and load. The results show that vehicles running on uneven road may produce more cumulative damages than static load, and DLC (dynamic load coefficient) changes in wide range, maximum up to 2.0 or more; the effect of speed and load on dynamic load is complex, and due to multi-factor interaction, DLC doesn’t consistently increase or decrease with speed and load increasing. Although the dynamic load level caused by high-speed heavy vehicle is not necessarily too high, its impact on the road can not be ignored.

Damper Optimization Design of High-Speed Energy Storage Flywheel Shafting with a Single Point Flexible Support

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 509-517
Author(s):  
Chang Liang Tang ◽  
Dong Jiang Han ◽  
Jin Fu Yang ◽  
Xing Jian Dai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Equivalent Damping ◽  
Flexible Support

The flywheel energy storage technology is a new type of conversion and storage for electric energy, and it is also a research hotspot of energy field in the world. There are a large number of studies on dynamic characteristics of energy storage flywheel in recent years. The flexible support with a single point has small load-carrying ability but very low friction loss, which is appropriate to be used in small flywheel system. By using a small stiffness pivot-jewel bearing and an oil damper as the lower support of the flywheel, a high-speed flywheel shafting with a single point flexible support was built. The dynamic model of the shafting was obtained by means of the Lagrangian equation. Based on the same energy dissipation of oil damper and flywheel, the optimal equivalent damping of flywheel was determined. The optimization criteria for dynamic state and parameters between oil damper and shafting were also presented. The lower damper’s effects on the mode shapes, modal damping ratios and forced vibration were discussed.

Research on Energy Consumption Test and Data Process Method of Gravure Printing Machine

2015 ◽  
Vol 738-739 ◽  
pp. 854-857
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Bai ◽  
Yi Ming Wang ◽  
Ying Cai Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Gravure Printing ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Data Process ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Printing Machine

In order to achieve high-speed gravure printing machine energy consumption tested and analyzed process efficiently, put forward a kind of electric energy balance test and analysis method, using power analyzer acquire and record the electric energy balance parameters of motors input ports of the three-phase power supply, and processing the data with the method of successive difference. By means of experiment, tested and analyzed the main motor energy consumption of gravure printing machine, the results verify the feasibility of electric energy balance test method and the method of successive difference.

scholarly journals Ensuring electromagnetic safety at high-speed maglev transport

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-110
Author(s):  
Stanislav M Apollonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Programming ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Scalar Potentials ◽  
The Mathematical Model

High-speed ground maglev transport creates electromagnetic interference of wide frequency spectrum during the movement. Electromagnetic interference spreads both in the surrounding environment and within the transport itself. Mathematically, electromagnetic interference is a vector (and in some cases tensor) field, where the functions are magnetic and electrical tenseness. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to ensure electromagnetic safety of high-speed ground maglev transport’s technical means and people (passengers and staff) by means of optimisation synthesis. Objective. The objective of the works is to optimise the placement of field sources in areas with variable geometric characteristics. Methodology. The method of the work is to synthesise elements of an energy system whose characteristics depend on the behaviour of electromagnetic interference. The mathematical model of the energy system being designed should take into account technological and constructive constraints, and electromagnetic interference. Calculation of electromagnetic interference from several sources in the premises, where the energy system is located by means of solving nonlinear tasks of special type mathematical programming. The peculiarities of this type of problems do not allow using known methods of mathematical programming. Finally, methods of formalisation and algorithms for solving optimisation problems of placement. Practical significance. The search of solution of optimisation tasks became feasible owing to a number of suggestions put forward by the author: introduction of scalar potentials for describing external electromagnetic interference of the electric power plant elements; the introduction of interinfluence taking into account the influence of closely-located sources; development of screening functions in the form of harmonic decompositions; the application of addition theorems which enable describing solutions of mathematical physics equations in different coordinate systems. Conclusion. The suggested method of formation of maglev transport electric energy system may be useful.

The Performance of a Combined Thermal and Electric System of Solar Energy Conversion with TEM

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
Chun Po Liao ◽  
Jau Huai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Thermoelectric Modules ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Solar Radiation Flux

Combined solar thermal and electric system is a combination of solar thermal system and solar electric system, such that both electric power and hot water can be produced at the same time. The solar collecting system includes a concentrator, frames, and a solar tracking system. The hot water system includes a flat collector, flow channels, water tubes, a storage tank, and a water pump. The power generation system is composed of thermoelectric modules and the associated controller. A miniature system was established and its performance was tested in this study. It was found that at the solar radiation flux of 800 W/m2, a total efficiency of 50% could be achieved. However, most of the solar energy has been converted to thermal energy instead of electricity. Our thermal electric system’s total efficiency can reach 43% and power generation of thermoelectric modules is only 0.6%.

Data Storage Strategy of Electric Energy Metering Production and Dispatching Platform under Intensification Mode

2012 ◽  
Vol 614-615 ◽  
pp. 1710-1715
Author(s):  
Xiao Shu Huang ◽  
Yang Shao ◽  
Yang Wen ◽  
Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Data Partitioning ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Energy Metering ◽  
High Speed Data

Analyse the electric energy metering production mode and data characteristics of production and dispatching platform mode under intensification mode. Put forward a method of data partitioning by archived data zone, real-time data zone, sampled data zone and business-management data zone. Form the device’s owner identification by device table number shifting strategy and realize the high-speed data retrieval between every two of the zones by using the index of device to monitoring dot and main table retrieval. This strategy has been used in developing provincial production and dispatching platform of STATE GRID and raised the operating efficiency of the platform.

scholarly journals Wear of Spur Gears Having a Dithering Motion and Lubricated With a Perfluorinated Polyether Grease

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Krantz ◽  
Fred Oswald ◽  
Robert Handschuh
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Test Load ◽  
Total Wear ◽  
Gear Contact ◽  
Perfluorinated Polyether

Gear contact surface wear is one of the important failure modes for gear systems. Dedicated experiments are required to enable precise evaluations of gear wear for a particular application. The application of interest for this study required evaluation of wear of gears lubricated with a grade 2 perfluorinated polyether grease and having a dithering (rotation reversal) motion. Experiments were conducted using spur gears made from AISI 9310 steel. Wear was measured using a profilometer at test intervals encompassing 10,000 to 80,000 cycles of dithering motion. The test load level was 1.1 GPa maximum Hertz contact stress at the pitch-line. The trend of total wear as a function of test cycles was linear, and the wear depth rate was approximately 1.2 nm maximum wear depth per gear dithering cycle. The observed wear rate was about 600 times greater than the wear rate for the same gears operated at high speed and lubricated with oil.

scholarly journals Injection systems of high-speed diesel engines and development trends

2005 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Kazimierz LEJDA
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
High Speed Diesel

Current development of automotive industry is conditioned by the minimization of negative effects in relation to the environment. It results from the restrictions regarding exhaust emission limits which are introduced by the consecutive standards but it also guarantees market success of a given vehicle. Research carried out regarding customer preferences in UE countries have confirmed that during the purchase of a car they make decisions based on vehicle’s ecological properties and the safety of use in road conditions. Next such criteria follow as performance and durability which has so far been dominant. The analysis of the development trends of internal combustion engines clearly shows that the dominant engines are direct injection compression-ignition VGT engines. These engines have better work indices, significant values of total efficiency and most favorable ecological properties as opposed to spark-ignition engine. The obtainment of desirable utilization indices by diesel engine depends to a high degree from the injection systems applied in these engines. In the article characteristics of injection systems which are fitted in modern high-speed diesel engines as prime vehicle drive unit have been discussed. Systems with distributor injection pumps, with individual injection units and with pressure accumulators have too been presented. The requirements from injection systems have been qualified herein.

scholarly journals A Piezoelectric-Driven Rock-Drilling Device for Extraterrestrial Subsurface Exploration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Li ◽  
Yi Shen ◽  
Qingchuan Wang ◽  
Yinchao Wang ◽  
Deen Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Percussive Drilling ◽  
Rock Drilling ◽  
Gravitational Fields

The rocks on extraterrestrial objects contain plenty of original geological and biological information. Drilling and sampling are an essential task in lunar exploration or future explorations of other planets like mars. Due to the limitation of payloads, energies, and drill pressure, the investigation of a lightweight and low-powered rock-drilling device is crucial for explorations of distant celestial bodies. The ultrasonic drill driven by piezoelectric ceramics is a new drilling device that can adapt to the arduous space rock-drilling tasks in weak gravitational fields. An ultrasonic drill suitable for mounting on a planetary rover’s robotic arm is developed. The ultrasonic transducer’s energy conversion from electric energy to acoustic energy and the energy transmission from the horn’s high-frequency vibration to the drill stem’s low-frequency impact motion are analyzed to guide the design of the drill. To deeply understand the percussive drilling mechanism under high-speed impact, the interaction between the drill stem and the rock is simulated using LS-DYNA software. Drilling experiments on rocks with different hardness grades are conducted. The experiment results illustrate that the ultrasonic drill can penetrate into the hard rocks only taking a force of 6 N and a power consumption of 15 W. The study of ultrasonic drill will provide a reference method for sample collection of extraterrestrial rocks.

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