Monitoring of the “Twin Towers” of Bologna in Italy

In this contribution, in which the preliminary outcomes on the monitoring of the “Garisenda” Tower are discussed, there are also briefly presented the results already obtained from the monitoring of the “Asinelli” Tower, carried out a few years ago by the authors. The two medieval towers, recognized as the “twin towers” of Bologna, represent a remarkable symbol of the city and of Italian Architectural Heritage. The Asinelli Tower was built during the period 1109–1119. It rises to a height of 97.30 m above the ground, and shows a deviation from verticality of 2.38 m. The Garisenda Tower, built around the same time, is much smaller (48 m) but with a steeper leaning (3.22 m) due to an early and more marked subsidence of soil and foundation. The data collected during the AE monitoring period of the Asinelli Tower were analyzed to evaluate the damage progress in a certain region of the masonry structure and correlate it with other considered phenomena, such as the influence of vehicle traffic, seismic activity, and wind action. To arrive at a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the structural conditions of the Garisenda Tower, whose monitoring is still ongoing, the results obtained by the AE technique were supplemented with data obtained from other zones of the structure, subject to different stress–strain conditions or by means of other techniques. Thanks to this arrangement, the AE signals distribution is related to the data measured by optical cables and a seismometer to obtain an objective correlation between the actions generated by the environment and the tower damage.

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Urban Growth, Real Estate Development and Indigenous Property: Simulating the Expansion Process in the City of Temuco, Chile

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10020101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Francisco Maturana ◽

Mauricio Morales ◽

Fernando Peña-Cortés ◽

Marco A. Peña ◽

Carlos Vielma

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Urban Growth ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Real Estate Development ◽

Territorial Planning ◽

The Future ◽

Urban Scenario ◽

The City

Urbanization is spreading across the world and beyond metropolitan areas. Medium-sized cities have also undergone processes of accelerated urban expansion, especially in Latin America, thanks to scant regulation or a complete lack thereof. Thus, understanding urban growth in the past and simulating it in the future has become a tool to raise its visibility and challenge territorial planners. In this work, we use Markov chains, cellular automata, multi-criteria multi-objective evaluation, and the determination of land use/land cover (LULC) to model the urban growth of the city of Temuco, Chile, a paradigmatic case because it has experienced powerful growth, where real estate development pressures coexist with a high natural value and the presence of indigenous communities. The urban scenario is determined for the years 2033 and 2049 based on the spatial patterns between 1985 and 2017, where the model shows the trend of expansion toward the northeast and significant development in the western sector of the city, making them two potential centers of expansion and conflict in the future given the heavy pressure on lands that are indigenous property and have a high natural value, aspects that need to be incorporated into future territorial planning instruments.

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Measurements of urban traffic parameters before and after road reconstruction

Open Engineering ◽

10.1515/eng-2021-0035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 365-376

Author(s):

Andrzej Bąkowski ◽

Leszek Radziszewski

Keyword(s):

Urban Traffic ◽

Noise Model ◽

Vehicle Traffic ◽

The Road ◽

Passenger Vehicles ◽

Before And After ◽

Traffic Volumes ◽

National Road ◽

The City ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract The study analyzed the parameters of vehicle traffic and noise on the national road in the section in the city from 2011 to 2016. In 2013–2014 this road was reconstructed. It was found that in most cases, the distribution of the tested variable was not normal. The median and selected percentiles of vehicle traffic parameters and noise were examined. The variability and type A uncertainty of the results were described and evaluated. The results obtained for the data recorded on working and non-working days were compared. The vehicle cumulative speed distributions, for two-way four-lane road segments in both directions were analyzed. A mathematical model of normalized traffic flow has been proposed. Fit factor R2 of the proposed equations to the experimental data for passenger vehicles ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. It has been shown that two years after the road reconstruction, the median noise level did not increase even though traffic volumes and vehicle speeds increased. The Cnossos noise model was validated for data recorded over a period of 6 years. A very good agreement of the medians determined according to the Cnossos-EU model and the measured ones was obtained. It should be noted, however, that for the other analyzed percentiles, e.g. 95%, the discrepancies are larger.

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Hotel design and adaptive reuse: From historic palaces to the city’s dilapidated structures

Facta universitatis - series Architecture and Civil Engineering ◽

10.2298/fuace1401097n ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 97-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marko Nikolic ◽

Nadja Kurtovic-Folic ◽

Aleksandar Milojkovic

Keyword(s):

Historic Buildings ◽

Historical Buildings ◽

Architectural Heritage ◽

Popular Approach ◽

Alternative Models ◽

Hotel Design ◽

Historic Structures ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

At the time of changing economic circumstances, adaptation and conversion of historic structures is an increasingly popular approach. Some historical buildings are very suitable for the revitalization into the modern hotels. The paper analyzes the relationship of the hotel, the city and its architectural heritage, as well as some of the factors that led to the eruption of alternative models of hotels, shown through a series of successful solutions. Many challenges of hotel design in historic buildings are listed and corresponding solutions are offered. Some methodological directions are indicated, and certain guidelines and principles for further activities in this field are formulated. In conclusion their applicability in practice is discussed, and certain disadvantages and limitations are listed.

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Car Park House Share: Reclaiming Wellington's Car Parking Buildings

10.26686/wgtn.17072627.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Luke Dodd

Keyword(s):

Housing Stock ◽

Car Ownership ◽

Architectural Heritage ◽

High Demand ◽

Car Sharing ◽

Collaborative Consumption ◽

Car Park ◽

Time Share ◽

The City ◽

A Current

<p>This thesis anticipates that inner city car parking buildings will become vacant as new car ownership models, such as car sharing, reduce the number of cars parked in cities. “Collaborative consumption” is changing the way that consumers own goods to a shared method where ownership is outsourced and goods become cheaper and more efficient to use. Car sharing is one such service where technology provides the basis for it to operate. High demand for housing in the Wellington CBD and a current housing stock shortfall provides an opportunity to adaptively re-use this vacant infrastructure for time share housing for transient workers, using the collaborative consumption model. This research proposes that the conversion of carparking buildings into shared housing schemes is valid, and explores this by investigating what the consequences of car sharing might be on the city and how people interact with this infrastructure at a street scale. The thesis then explores the architectural possibility of how housing can make use of existing infrastructure for a new use. It explores the pedestrian reclamation of the parking building while acknowledging the architectural heritage of the car parking typology.</p>

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Change of Meaning in Space and Form of Contemporary Karo Architecture

Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal ◽

10.33258/birex.v1i4.485 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 121-131

Author(s):

Mohammed Nawawiy Loebis ◽

Imam Faisal Pane ◽

Wahyu Abdillah ◽

Aurora S. Lubis

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Methods ◽

Architectural Heritage ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Fertile Soil ◽

The Times ◽

North Sumatra ◽

The City

Karo Plateau is one of the most valuable assets for North Sumatra Province, Indonesian. In addition to fertile soil and producing good quality vegetables and fruit, this plain also has architectural heritage to be proud of. Several villages up to now can be seen and visited which stores various Karo architectural works including some traditional buildings and houses. Change with the times, the movement of people also occurs for various reasons. The development of the city in this province makes the villagers look for livelihood in the city. However, the inheritance of ancestors was still held firmly to the present with a different format. The Karo family currently lives in shophouse and is no longer in a traditional house and they have a business there. The perception of space in traditional houses really carried over in their daily lives. Using qualitative methods, this article explains the interpretation of the different perceptions of Karo people regarding the space and form of their place of residence. However, the essence or meaning that exists in the traditional Karo architecture is still approved until now in a different form and format.

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Data, Models and Visualization: Connected Tools to Enhance the Fruition of the Architectural Heritage in the City of Padova

Graphic Imprints ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-93749-6_51 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 633-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristina Cecchini ◽

Maria Rosaria Cundari ◽

Valerio Palma ◽

Federico Panarotto

Keyword(s):

Data Models ◽

Architectural Heritage ◽

The City

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Co-seismic luminescence in Lima, 150 km from the epicenter of the Pisco, Peru earthquake of 15 August 2007

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-11-1025-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1025-1036 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. A. Heraud ◽

J. A. Lira

Keyword(s):

Seismic Activity ◽

Scientific Work ◽

Capital City ◽

Highly Qualified ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Peruvian Coast ◽

Ancient Times ◽

The City ◽

Different Parts ◽

Earthquake Lights

Abstract. The first photographs of Co-seismic Luminescence, commonly known as Earthquake lights (EQLs), were reported in 1968 in Japan. However, there have been documented reports of luminescence associated with earthquakes since ancient times in different parts of the world. Besides this, there is modern scientific work dealing with evidence of and models for the production of such lights. During the Peru 15 August 2007 Mw=8.0 earthquake which occurred at 06:40 p.m. LT, hence dark in the southern wintertime, several EQLs were observed along the Peruvian coast and extensively reported in the capital city of Lima, about 150 km northwest of the epicenter. These lights were video-recorded by a security camera installed at the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru (PUCP) campus and time-correlated with seismic ground accelerations registered at the seismological station on campus, analyzed and related to highly qualified eyewitness observations of the phenomena from other parts of the city and to other video recordings. We believe the evidence presented here contributes significantly to sustain the hypothesis that electromagnetic phenomena related to seismic activity can occur, at least during an earthquake. It is highly probable that continued research in luminescence and the use of magnetometers in studying electromagnetic activity and radon gas emanation detectors will contribute even more towards determining their occurrence during and probably prior to seismic activity.

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Stratigraphic Analysis of Weathering Crusts from the Historic Bastion of San Pedro, Campeche (XVIII century)

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2014.472 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1618 ◽

pp. 233-240

Author(s):

Isabel Silva-León ◽

Javier Reyes ◽

Tezozomoc Pérez ◽

Elia Alonso ◽

P. Bartolo Pérez

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Masonry Structure ◽

The Other ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Major Consequence ◽

Stratigraphic Analysis ◽

San Pedro ◽

Analysis System ◽

The City ◽

Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

ABSTRACTThe Bastion of San Pedro is part of the defensive infrastructure projected by Spanish colonizers in San Francisco de Campeche City, in order to protect the city and their inhabitants from pirates who ravaged the region during the XVIth and XIXth centuries. The bastion is a masonry structure built by using calcareous materials according the Spanish procedures from the edge. Since its construction, it has been under the synergetic interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors that promote degradation. In this study optical microscopy (MO) and scanning electron microscopy coupled to a dispersive analysis system (SEM/EDS) were used in order to analyze the stratigraphic profile of mortar weathered samples collected from walls of the Bastion of San Pedro. According the results, the samples were formed by three substrata: an upper external layer in contact with the environment (100 to 300 µm), the other one is an inner layer with thickness around 100 to 400 µm. The last substrate was formed by the mortar matrix composed by elements such as C, O, Ca, Si and Al, that indicate their mineral origin. By the other hand, it is important to note that the upper layer contained higher proportion of C respect to the other layers. It is probably major consequence of biomass encrustation rather that atmospheric pollution according to the particular environmental conditions surrounding the building.

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Magnetic Properties and Size of Microscopic Pollutant Particles in the Urban Area of Coimbra

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927608089691 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (S3) ◽

pp. 144-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C.R. Gomes ◽

A.M. Dinis ◽

A.F. Rocha ◽

E.M.C. Gomes ◽

L.F. Neves

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Human Health ◽

Urban Area ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Nerium Oleander ◽

Vehicle Traffic ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

The City

Pollutant particles of small size are produced and resuspended every day as a result of traffic. These particles, identified as particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), can affect human health when inhaled, mostly the respiratory and cardiopulmonary systems. Some of these particles are ferromagnetic (s.l.) and their magnetic properties indicate their sources, composition and size. Coimbra is an inland city situated in the center of Portugal at a distance of 40 km from the coast. Coimbra has a total area of 320 km2 and a population of about 168.000. Motor vehicle traffic is the main source of air pollutant in the city. The main goal of this research is to assess pollution levels in the urban area of Coimbra using the magnetic properties of microscopic pollutant particles on Nerium oleander leaves.

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