scholarly journals Health Risk and Environmental Assessment of Cement Production in Nigeria

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mmemek-Abasi Etim ◽  
Kunle Babaremu ◽  
Justin Lazarus ◽  
David Omole
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
And Storage

The cement manufacturing industry has played a fundamental role in global economic development, but its production is a major facilitator to anthropogenic CO2 release and solid waste generation. Nigeria has the largest cement industry in West Africa, with an aggregate capacity of 58.9 million metric tonnes (MMT) per year. The Ministry for Mines and Steel Development asserts that the nation possesses total limestone deposits of around 2.3 trillion MT with 568 MMT standing as established reserves and 11 MMT used. Cement industries are largely responsible for releasing air pollutants and effluents into water bodies with apparent water quality deterioration over the years. Air pollution from lime and cement-producing plants is seen as a severe instigator of occupational health hazards and work-related life threats, negatively affecting crop yields, buildings, and persons residing in the vicinity of these industries. World Bank observed in 2015 that 94% of the Nigerian populace is susceptible to air pollutants that surpass WHO guidelines. In 2017, World Bank further reported that 49,100 premature deaths emanated from atmospheric PM2.5, with children beneath age 5 having the greatest vulnerability owing to lower respiratory infections, thereby representing approximately 60% of overall PM2.5-induced deaths. Cement manufacturing involves the significant production of SO2, NOx, and CO connected to adverse health effects on humans. Sensitive populations such as infants, the aged, and persons having underlying respiratory ailments like asthmatics, emphysema, or bronchitis are seen to be most affected. Consequently, in addressing this challenge, growing interests in enacting carbon capture, usage, and storage in the cement industry is expected to alleviate the negative environmental impact of cement production. Still, no carbon capture technology is yet to achieve commercialization in the cement industry. Nonetheless, huge advancement has been made in recent years with the advent of vital research in sorption-enhanced water gas shift, underground gasification combined cycle, ammonium hydroxide solution, and the microbial-induced synthesis of calcite for CO2 capture and storage, all considered sustainable and feasible in cement production.

scholarly journals Environmental Performance Analysis of Cement Production with CO2 Capture and Storage Technology in a Life-Cycle Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing An ◽  
Richard S. Middleton ◽  
Yingnan Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
And Storage

Cement manufacturing is one of the most energy and CO2 intensive industries. With the growth of cement production, CO2 emissions are increasing rapidly too. Carbon capture and storage is the most feasible new technology option to reduce CO2 emissions in the cement industry. More research on environmental impacts is required to provide the theoretical basis for the implementation of carbon capture and storage in cement production. In this paper, GaBi software and scenario analysis were employed to quantitatively analyze and compare the environmental impacts of cement production with and without carbon capture and storage technology, from the perspective of a life-cycle assessment; aiming to promote sustainable development of the cement industry. Results of two carbon capture and storage scenarios show decreases in the impacts of global warming potential and some environmental impacts. However, other scenarios show a significant increase in other environmental impacts. In particular, post-combustion carbon capture technology can bring a more pronounced increase in toxicity potential. Therefore, effective measures must be taken into account to reduce the impact of toxicity when carbon capture and storage is employed in cement production. CO2 transport and storage account for only a small proportion of environmental impacts. For post-combustion carbon capture, most of the environmental impacts come from the unit of combined heat and power and carbon capture, with the background production of MonoEthanolAmine contributing significantly. In combined heat and power plants, natural gas is more advantageous than a 10% coal-saving, and thermal efficiency is a key parameter affecting the environmental impacts. Future research should focus on exploring cleaner and effective absorbents or seeking the alternative fuel in combined heat and power plants for post-combustion carbon capture. If the power industry is the first to deploy carbon capture and storage, oxy-combustion carbon capture is an excellent choice for the cement industry.

Carbon Management in an Emissions-Intensive Industry in a Developing Economy: Cement Manufacturing in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Togar W. S. Panjaitan ◽  
Paul Dargusch ◽  
Ammar A. Aziz ◽  
David Wadley
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalents ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Capital Intensive

Around 600 Mt carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emission originates from energy production and consumption in Indonesia annually. Of this output, 40 Mt CO2e comes from cement production. This makes the cement industry a key sector to target in Indonesia’s quest to reduce its emissions by 26% by 2020. Substantial opportunities exist for the industry to reduce emissions, mainly through clinker substitution, alternative fuels, and the modernization of kiln technologies. However, most of these abatement options are capital intensive and considered as noncore business. Due to this, the private sector is unlikely to voluntarily invest in emission reduction unless it saves money, improves revenue, enhances the strategic position of the firm, or unless governments provide incentives or force adoption through regulatory and policy controls. In this study, we review the profile of the Indonesian cement industry and assess the carbon management and climate policy actions available to reduce emissions. The case highlights opportunities for improved carbon management in emission-intensive industries in developing countries.

Sequential Combustion in Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbines: The Technology Enabler for CO2-Free, Highly Efficient Power Production Based on Hydrogen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ciani ◽  
John P. Wood ◽  
Anders Wickström ◽  
Geir J. Rørtveit ◽  
Rosetta Steeneveldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Today gas turbines and combined cycle power plants play an important role in power generation and in the light of increasing energy demand, their role is expected to grow alongside renewables. In addition, the volatility of renewables in generating and dispatching power entails a new focus on electricity security. This reinforces the importance of gas turbines in guaranteeing grid reliability by compensating for the intermittency of renewables. In order to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goals, power generation must be decarbonized. This is where hydrogen produced from renewables or with CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) comes into play, allowing totally CO2-free combustion. Hydrogen features the unique capability to store energy for medium to long storage cycles and hence could be used to alleviate seasonal variations of renewable power generation. The importance of hydrogen for future power generation is expected to increase due to several factors: the push for CO2-free energy production is calling for various options, all resulting in the necessity of a broader fuel flexibility, in particular accommodating hydrogen as a future fuel feeding gas turbines and combined cycle power plants. Hydrogen from methane reforming is pursued, with particular interest within energy scenarios linked with carbon capture and storage, while the increased share of renewables requires the storage of energy for which hydrogen is the best candidate. Compared to natural gas the main challenge of hydrogen combustion is its increased reactivity resulting in a decrease of engine performance for conventional premix combustion systems. The sequential combustion technology used within Ansaldo Energia’s GT36 and GT26 gas turbines provides for extra freedom in optimizing the operation concept. This sequential combustion technology enables low emission combustion at high temperatures with particularly high fuel flexibility thanks to the complementarity between its first stage, stabilized by flame propagation and its second (sequential) stage, stabilized by auto-ignition. With this concept, gas turbines are envisaged to be able to provide reliable, dispatchable, CO2-free electric power. In this paper, an overview of hydrogen production (grey, blue, and green hydrogen), transport and storage are presented targeting a CO2-free energy system based on gas turbines. A detailed description of the test infrastructure, handling of highly reactive fuels is given with specific aspects of the large amounts of hydrogen used for the full engine pressure tests. Based on the results discussed at last year’s Turbo Expo (Bothien et al. GT2019-90798), further high pressure test results are reported, demonstrating how sequential combustion with novel operational concepts is able to achieve the lowest emissions, highest fuel and operational flexibility, for very high combustor exit temperatures (H-class) with unprecedented hydrogen contents.

scholarly journals CO2 Capture, Use, and Storage in the Cement Industry: State of the Art and Expectations

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta G. Plaza ◽  
Sergio Martínez ◽  
Fernando Rubiera
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Made In

The implementation of carbon capture, use, and storage in the cement industry is a necessity, not an option, if the climate targets are to be met. Although no capture technology has reached commercial scale demonstration in the cement sector yet, much progress has been made in the last decade. This work intends to provide a general overview of the CO2 capture technologies that have been evaluated so far in the cement industry at the pilot scale, and also about the current plans for future commercial demonstration.

Assessment of Future Sustainable Power Technologies with Carbon Capture and Storage

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Hadjipaschalis ◽  
Costas Christou ◽  
Andreas Poullikkas
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Avoidance Cost

In this work, a technical, economic and environmental analysis concerning the use of three major power generation plant types including pulverized coal, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and natural gas combined cycle, with or without carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) integration, is carried out. For the analysis, the IPP optimization software is used in which the electricity unit cost and the CO2 avoidance cost from the various candidate power generation technologies is calculated. The analysis indicates that the electricity unit cost of IGCC technology with CCS integration is the least cost option with the lowest CO2 avoidance cost of all candidate technologies with CCS integration. Further investigation concerning the effect of the loan interest rate on the economic performance of the candidate plants revealed that up to a value of loan interest of approximately 5.7%, the IGCC plant with CCS retains the lowest electricity unit cost. Above this level, the natural gas combined cycle plant with post-combustion CCS becomes more economically attractive.

scholarly journals Trust and communication as predictors of customer satisfaction in business-to-business relationship marketing in the South African cement manufacturing industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phineas Mbango ◽  
Maxwell Agabu Phiri
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
South African ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Business Relationship ◽  
The South ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Business To Business

Customer satisfaction has become relevant in the South African cement industry as it leads to customer loyalty and cooperation. In the current climate, to ensure long-term profitability, cement suppliers need to adopt strategies to ensure customer satisfaction. This study’s literature search has revealed that there is limited published research, particularly in South Africa, which deals with customer satisfaction determinants in the cement industry. The major objective of the study was to test if trust and communication influence customer satisfaction in the context of business-to-business relationship marketing in the South African cement manufacturing industry. The methodology involved a survey and was quantitative in nature. Data were collected from 362 major business-to-business cement customers throughout South Africa’s nine provinces using the face-to-face interview technique using a seven-point Likert scale structured self-administered questionnaires. The data collected in the empirical study were analysed using descriptive, correlation and regression analysis. The empirical results of this study suggest that, in order to maintain customer satisfaction, a cement supplier has to invest in ways of enhancing customer trust and communication. As a result this study makes both theoretical and practical contribution in the field of relationship marketing

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL NOISE MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN CEMENT INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIJA HADŽI-NIKOLOVA ◽  
DEJAN MIRAKOVSKI ◽  
NIKOLINKA DONEVA ◽  
NATAŠA BAKRESKA
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Cement Manufacturing

The main environmental issues associated with cement production are the consumption of raw materials, energy use and emissions in the air. Noise emissions occur throughout the whole cement manufacturing process - from preparing and processing raw materials, from the clinker burning and cement production process, from material storage as well as from the dispatch and shipping of the final products. The heavy machinery and large fans used in the cement manufacturing process can give rise to noise emissions. Cement Plants are required to comply with standards for reduction in line with national legislation, and to conduct measurements and perform noise surveys. Having this in mind, A TITAN Group Usje Cement Plant in Skopje, following their strong commitment to high environmental performance and Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development Policy in 2013-2014 have engaged an AMBICON Lab (Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences) from Stip, to conduct a Noise Control Study in order to identify noise sources within cement plant and marl quarry, determine their impacts on nearby residents and develop noise control/protection strategies. During the past three years, the Usje Cement plant has implemented most of the noise control measures proposed in this Study. Also, a follow-up study during 2016-2017 was conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of measures taken. This paper presents the outcomes of noise reduction measures taken. Keywords: noise, cement industry, process management, measures, environment

REDUCTION OF CO2 EMISSIONS IN CEMENT PRODUCTION BY USING PREHEATER

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Xie ◽  
Pranshoo Solanki ◽  
Alireza Mojadam ◽  
Wenfang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Cement has a pivotal role in the construction industry. However, cement is one of the key contributors to global CO2 emission levels. This is due to the energy-intensive nature of cement production processes. This comparative-descriptive study focuses on the potential factors to reduce the CO2 emission level in cement production and the decision-making process of adopting new environmental-friendly technology in production. Particularly, this study compares alternative technologies in cement manufacturing to reduce CO2 emission. It collects both the industry data and the data from Texas, which is the biggest contributor to CO2 emission in the US, to analyze how a shift in production technology could affect CO2 emission and eventually improve the outcomes of environment protection and energy efficiency. This paper projects a possible improvement of implementing the method of preheater-precalciner in cement production in lieu of wet and long-dry process to upgrade kilns and reduce problematic CO2 emission. This study suggests shifting from wet and dry kilns to preheater-precalciner systems to obtain the potential benefits of CO2 emission reduction in the cement industry.

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