scholarly journals A Comprehensive Overview of the Newly Emerged COVID-19 Pandemic: Features, Origin, Genomics, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-383
Author(s):  
Md. Takim Sarker ◽  
A. Q. Fuad Hasan ◽  
Md. Oliullah Rafi ◽  
Md. Jamal Hossain ◽  
H. R. Abd El-Mageed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a life-threatening pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in massive destruction and is still continuously adding to its death toll. The advent of this global outbreak has not yet been confirmed; however, investigation for suitable prophylaxis against this lethal virus is being carried out by experts all around the globe. The SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae superfamily, like the other previously occurring human coronavirus variants. To better understand a new virus variant, such as the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant, it is vital to investigate previous virus strains, including their genomic composition and functionality. Our study aimed at addressing the basic overview of the virus’ profile that may provide the scientific community with evidence-based insights into COVID-19. Therefore, this study accomplished a comprehensive literature review that includes the virus’ origin, classification, structure, life cycle, genome, mutation, epidemiology, and subsequent essential factors associated with host–virus interaction. Moreover, we summarized the considerable diagnostic measures, treatment options, including multiple therapeutic approaches, and prevention, as well as future directions that may reduce the impact and misery caused by this devastating pandemic. The observations and data provided here have been screened and accumulated through extensive literature study, hence this study will help the scientific community properly understand this new virus and provide further leads for therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Digital Addiction: Systematic Review of Computer Game Addiction Impact on Adolescent Physical Health

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Norshakirah Aziz ◽  
Md Jan Nordin ◽  
Said Jadid Abdulkadir ◽  
Muhammad Muhaimin M. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Computer Gaming ◽  
Digital Addiction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Malaysian Adolescents

The advancement of technology has enabled powerful microprocessors to render high-quality graphics for computer gaming. Despite being intended for leisure purposes, several components of the games alongside the gamer’s environmental factors have resulted in digital addiction (DA) towards computer games such as massively multiplayer online games (MMOG). Excessive gaming among adolescents has various negative impacts on an individual. However, only a few researchers have addressed the impact of DA on physical health. Thus, the primary objective of this research is to study the impact of DA on physical health among Malaysian adolescents. This study focuses on Malaysian adolescents of ages 12–18 years old who are addicted to computer games, specifically the MMOG. The methodology used for the study involves focus group discussions (FGD) and extensive literature study. The FGD sessions have involved both medical experts and game experts. The outcome of FGD discussion is recorded and justified with the existing relevant literature from high-impact journals, theses, conferences, books, and reports. This paper provides evidence of five physical health impacts of DA associated with adolescents. The factors of DA, the addiction components existing in MMOG computer games, and the DA health risk assessment are presented in the results section. Based on the study, it is concluded that DA among Malaysian adolescents can cause various impacts on physical health such as obesity, back pain, and neck pain, orthopaedic/joint muscle, eyesight problem, hearing problem, as well as physical inactivity.

Pathways to faster access to medicines

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Before a medicine can be marketed in the UK, marketing authorisation approval is needed from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) or the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). However, the time it takes to appraise a medicine is considered by some to delay access to new treatments for people with serious or life-threatening conditions who have no other treatment options. Also, the standard regulatory process may be less suitable for medicines for rare conditions in which it is difficult to gather a large amount of clinical trial data. Here we look at a range of new regulatory and access pathways that have been developed to respond to these challenges and consider some of their potential pitfalls. In a future article we will review the impact that the UK’s departure from the European Union (EU) will have on licensing processes.

Software-as-a-Medical Device: demystifying Connected Health regulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Carroll ◽  
Ita Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Connected Health ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Connected Health is an emerging and rapidly developing field never before witnessed across the healthcare sector. It has the potential to transform healthcare service systems by increasing its safety, quality and overall efficiency. However, as healthcare technologies or medical devices continuously rely more on software development, one of the core challenges is examining how Connected Health is regulated – often impacting Connected Health innovation. The purpose of this paper is to present an understanding of how Connected Health is regulated. Many of these regulatory developments fall under “medical devices”, giving rise to Software-as-a-Medical Device (SaaMD). Design/methodology/approach Through an extensive literature review, this paper demystifies Connected Health regulation. It presents the outcome of expert discussions which explore the key regulatory developments in the context of Connected Health to provide a practical guide to understanding how regulation can potentially shape healthcare innovation. Findings Several key issues are identified, and the authors present a comprehensive overview of regulatory developments relating to Connected Health with a view to support the continued growth of IT-enabled healthcare service models. The authors also identify the key challenges in Connected Health and identify areas for future research. Originality/value A key outcome of this research is a clearer understanding of the opportunities and challenges that regulation and standards present to Connected Health. Furthermore, this research is of critical importance in a first attempt towards recognising the impact of regulation and standards compliance in Connected Health.

scholarly journals Inflammasome-Mediated Immunogenicity of Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Adjuvants

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Sören Reinke ◽  
Aneesh Thakur ◽  
Cillian Gartlan ◽  
Jelena S. Bezbradica ◽  
Anita Milicic
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvant ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Inflammatory Caspases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

In modern vaccines, adjuvants can be sophisticated immunological tools to promote robust and long-lasting protection against prevalent diseases. However, there is an urgent need to improve immunogenicity of vaccines in order to protect mankind from life-threatening diseases such as AIDS, malaria or, most recently, COVID-19. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of vaccine adjuvants, which generally trigger the innate immune system to enhance signal transition to adaptive immunity, resulting in pathogen-specific protection. Thus, improved understanding of vaccine adjuvant mechanisms may aid in the design of “intelligent” vaccines to provide robust protection from pathogens. Various commonly used clinical adjuvants, such as aluminium salts, saponins or emulsions, have been identified as activators of inflammasomes - multiprotein signalling platforms that drive activation of inflammatory caspases, resulting in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the IL-1 family. Importantly, these cytokines affect the cellular and humoral arms of adaptive immunity, which indicates that inflammasomes represent a valuable target of vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we highlight the impact of different inflammasomes on vaccine adjuvant-induced immune responses regarding their mechanisms and immunogenicity. In this context, we focus on clinically relevant adjuvants that have been shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and also present various experimental adjuvants that activate the NLRP3-, NLRC4-, AIM2-, pyrin-, or non-canonical inflammasomes and could have the potential to improve future vaccines. Together, we provide a comprehensive overview on vaccine adjuvants that are known, or suggested, to promote immunogenicity through inflammasome-mediated signalling.

New Treatment Options for Lymphangioma in Infants and Children

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 1066-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal M. Giguère ◽  
Nancy M. Bauman ◽  
Richard J. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Lymphatic Malformations ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
In Infants And Children

Lymphangiomas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system. These lesions occur most often in the head and neck area, and their treatment continues to be a challenge. Fortunately, a number of advances have occurred in the diagnosis and management of lymphatic malformations in the past decade. The purpose of this article is to clarify the embryology, pathogenesis, histopathology, and classification of these lesions, as well as to describe their various forms of clinical presentation. We provide a complete review of the diagnostic measures available and thoroughly discuss new therapeutic interventions proposed to treat lymphangiomas.

scholarly journals HLC Pair Suppression as a Risk Factor for Bacterial Bloodstream Infections and Early Mortality in Newly Diagnosed Intact Immunoglobulin Multiple Myeloma Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Garcia de Veas Silva ◽  
Maria Trinidad Gonzalez Cejudo ◽  
Alberto Garcia Perojil Jimenez ◽  
Maria del Señor Garcia Lopez Velez ◽  
Rafael Garcia Rios Tamayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Early Death ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

Despite the outstanding progresses in Multiple Myeloma treatment options in the last decades, it remains an incurable disease nowadays. Infectious events are a complication due to an impaired immune system associated with MM, sometimes a life-threatening one, particularly on the first months after the diagnosis. Both the underlying disease and treatment can contribute to the infection risk, so a biomarker that assess this risk could be highly relevant for a more tailored management of the patient. The measurement of the heavy+light chain (HLC) pairs of immunoglobulins in serum allows the quantification of both the monoclonal component and the non-monoclonal immunoglobulin of the same isotype. This approach has demonstrated high sensitivity for the detection of the clonality and prognostic value for MM. HLC pair suppression itself has prognostic power and it has been proposed to be a reflection of the immune system’ attempt to control the tumor. In this study we evaluated the impact of the HLC pair suppression on the rate of bloodstream infections (BSI) and early death in 115 newly diagnosed MM patients. Twenty-one percent of the patients suffered a BSI in the first 6 months after diagnosis, of which 58% died within this period, accounting to 67% of the early deaths in global and highlighting the major impact of infections on MM patients in a “real world” setting. Severe HLC pair suppression identified patients with a higher risk of early BSI (HR: 6,97, p=0,009), and extreme HLC pair suppression together with BSI event and age >65 were independent risk factors for early death (p<0,001). Based on these factors, a stratification model was generated to allow identify patients at a higher risk of early death and poorer OS, with an apparently better performance than the ISS on the early death context. In conclusion, HLC pair suppression associates with both a higher risk of life-threatening early infection and early death in newly diagnosed MM patients. Patients older than 65 with extreme HLC pair suppression and BSI are at a high risk of early death, and thus patients presenting with these criteria have a very adverse prognosis.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Dynamic and Life-Threatening Triad

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Raimundo ◽  
José António Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Life Threatening

The metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have both become global public health problems, with increasing social and economic impact due to their high prevalence and remarkable impact on morbidity and mortality. The causality between MS and CKD, and its clinical implications, still does remain not completely understood. Moreover, prophylactic and therapeutic interventions do need to be properly investigated in this field. Herein, we critically review the existing clinical evidence that associates MS with renal disease and cardiovascular disease, as well as the associated pathophysiologic mechanisms and actual treatment options.

scholarly journals WILL THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE UN-PAUSE THE WORLD AND DECIDE THE FATE OF COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
JANANI S. K. ◽  
DHANABAL S. P. ◽  
SURESHKUMAR R. ◽  
CHENMALA KARTHIKA ◽  
SAI SURYA NIKITHA UPADHYAYULA
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scientific Validation ◽  
Herbs And Spices

COVID-19 is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the human respiratory system. In today’s world, scientists are working conscientiously for the identification of promising drugs and vaccines. But, when we look back to the former times, herbal medicines were considered for curing most of the diseases; luckily, nowadays, natural remedies are being carried forward by few researchers even for the treatment of most life-threatening diseases like cancer, diabetes and alzheimer’s etc. So, why can't we attempt the herbal formulation for the management of COVID-19 too? Since there is no proper scientific validation for traditional herbs and spices; it just can’t be simply ignored. When a product with less or few side effects can be prepared and made available for the benefit of people, there is nothing wrong in pondering them. Thus, keeping these points in mind, in this article, we have discussed about SARS CoV-2, their treatment options and the impact of natural remedies on both the former as well as novel coronavirus. Further, we have also emphasized on traditional Chinese medicine, various flavonoids and kabasura kudineer and their impact on coronavirus infection. Till now, there is no particular drug or vaccine available for the treatment of COVID-19; thus prevention is the only option. But, we hope that thorough study; screening, preclinical and clinical evaluation of natural compounds may give some action against SARS CoV-2. Moreover, incorporating natural herbs and spices in our diet can help in boosting immunity and fight against various life-threatening diseases.

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma in the Newborn: A Case Study of Prenatal Management and Clinical Intervention

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Fadler ◽  
Debbie Fraser Askin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma ◽  
Labor Dystocia ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prenatal Management ◽  
The Impact

Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) are the most common germinal cell neoplasms of the fetus and neonate. They originate during embryonic development when the primitive streak fails to differentiate among mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal tissues in the embryonic disc. This article discusses the fetal pathophysiology of SCTs and the impact of the condition on the newborn. Fetal SCTs can have life-threatening physiologic effects— such as premature labor, dystocia, and high-output cardiac failure—if not managed appropriately. Clinical manifestations, prenatal diagnosis, therapeutic approaches and treatment options for the fetus and newborn, and current research related to SCTs are addressed to aid practitioners caring for a fetus or infant diagnosed with an SCT.

scholarly journals Patients' perceptions and patient-reported outcomes in progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (150) ◽  
pp. 180075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Swigris ◽  
Kevin K. Brown ◽  
Rayid Abdulqawi ◽  
Ketan Buch ◽  
Daniel F. Dilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The effects of interstitial lung disease (ILD) create a significant burden on patients, unsettling almost every domain of their lives, disrupting their physical and emotional well-being and impairing their quality of life (QoL). Because many ILDs are incurable, and there are limited reliably-effective, life-prolonging treatment options available, the focus of many therapeutic interventions has been on improving or maintaining how patients with ILD feel and function, and by extension, their QoL. Such patient-centred outcomes are best assessed by patients themselves through tools that capture their perceptions, which inherently incorporate their values and judgements. These patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) can be used to assess an array of constructs affected by a disease or the interventions implemented to treat it. Here, we review the impact of ILD that may present with a progressive-fibrosing phenotype on patients' lives and examine how PROs have been used to measure that impact and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

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