scholarly journals Blood Levels of Galectin-9, an Immuno-Regulating Molecule, Reflects the Severity for the Acute and Chronic Infectious Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Hiroko Iwasaki-Hozumi ◽  
Haorile Chagan-Yasutan ◽  
Yugo Ashino ◽  
Toshio Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Carbohydrate Recognition Domain ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Protease Cleavage ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidase ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 ◽  
Linker Peptides ◽  
Binding Lectin

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin capable of promoting or suppressing the progression of infectious diseases. This protein is susceptible to cleavage of its linker-peptides by several proteases, and the resulting cleaved forms, N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and C-terminal CRD, bind to various glycans. It has been suggested that full-length (FL)-Gal-9 and the truncated (Tr)-Gal-9s could exert different functions from one another via their different glycan-binding activities. We propose that FL-Gal-9 regulates the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, HIV co-infected with opportunistic infection (HIV/OI), dengue, malaria, leptospirosis, and tuberculosis (TB). We also suggest that the blood levels of FL-Gal-9 reflect the severity of dengue, malaria, and HIV/OI, and those of Tr-Gal-9 markedly reflect the severity of HIV/OI. Recently, matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) was suggested to be an indicator of respiratory failure from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as useful for differentiating pulmonary from extrapulmonary TB. The protease cleavage of FL-Gal-9 may lead to uncontrolled hyper-immune activation, including a cytokine storm. In summary, Gal-9 has potential to reflect the disease severity for the acute and chronic infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Primary Care Guidelines for the Management of Persons Infected With HIV: 2013 Update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Aberg ◽  
Joel E. Gallant ◽  
Khalil G. Ghanem ◽  
Patricia Emmanuel ◽  
Barry S. Zingman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
New Information ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Care Guidelines ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
Specific Health

Abstract Evidence-based guidelines for the management of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were prepared by an expert panel of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. These updated guidelines replace those published in 2009. The guidelines are intended for use by healthcare providers who care for HIV-infected patients. Since 2009, new antiretroviral drugs and classes have become available, and the prognosis of persons with HIV infection continues to improve. However, with fewer complications and increased survival, HIV-infected persons are increasingly developing common health problems that also affect the general population. Some of these conditions may be related to HIV infection itself or its treatment. HIV-infected persons should be managed and monitored for all relevant age- and sex-specific health problems. New information based on publications from the period 2009–2013 has been incorporated into this document.

Association of matrix metallopeptidase 9 with neutrophil elastase in joint injury and osteoarthritis progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S65-S66
Author(s):  
M.-F Hsueh ◽  
J.L. Huebner ◽  
C.A. Jacobs ◽  
C. Lattermann ◽  
K.P. Spindler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Joint Injury ◽  
Osteoarthritis Progression ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidase ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9

scholarly journals microRNA-491-5p protects against atherosclerosis by targeting matrix metallopeptidase-9

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-500
Author(s):  
Zhonghan He ◽  
Yayun Wang ◽  
Qin He ◽  
Manhua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidase ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 ◽  
And Migration ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Atherosclerosis Treatment ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

AbstractAbnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical processes that are involved in atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to explore the role of microRNA-491-5p (miR-491-5p) in the progression of atherosclerosis by regulating the growth and migration of VSMCs. In this study, we showed that the expression of miR-491-5p was downregulated in the atherosclerotic plaque tissues and plasma samples of the patients with atherosclerosis. The bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay identified that matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) was a target gene of miR-491-5p. The results showed a significant upregulation of MMP-9 in the atherosclerotic plaque tissues and plasma samples. Subsequently, the results also showed that downregulation of miR-491-5p significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and inhibited the apoptosis in VSMCs. Furthermore, we detected the effects of miR-491-5p mimic on the growth and migration of VSMCs, and the results illustrated that miR-491-5p mimic could inhibit the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and promote the apoptosis of VSMCs. Notably, MMP-9 plasmid could reverse all the effects of miR-491-5p mimic on VSMCs. Collectively, our study provides the first evidence that miR-491-5p inhibited the growth and migration of VSMCs by targeting MMP-9, which might provide new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis treatment.

scholarly journals Mannose-binding lectin cord blood levels and respiratory symptoms during infancy: a prospective birth cohort study

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luregn Jan Schlapbach ◽  
Philipp Latzin ◽  
Nicolas Regamey ◽  
Claudia E. Kuehni ◽  
Marcel Zwahlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
Binding Lectin ◽  
Prospective Birth Cohort ◽  
Prospective Birth Cohort Study

scholarly journals Anti- cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Yadav ◽  
Raj K. ◽  
Kachnar V. ◽  
Manoj K. Mathur ◽  
Amitabh D. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Citrullinated Peptide

Background: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies have been considered very specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have shown that these antibodies can be positive in infectious diseases like tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, etc.Methods: Eighty patients of tuberculosis both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and thirty patients of human immunodeficiency virus were enrolled in this study from inpatient and outpatient departments from September 2018 to August 2019. Anti-CCP antibody test was done in all the patient by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Fifty-three patients were of pulmonary tuberculosis, 27 patients were extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and 30 patients were human immunodeficiency virus infection. Of the 53 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, 21 (39.6%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 32 (60.4%) cases were negative for the same. Of the 27 cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, 3(11.1%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 24 (88.9%) cases were negative. Of the 53 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis, 16 were sputum positive and 37 were sputum negative. Of those withsputum positive 9 (56.2%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and those with sputum negative, 12 (32.4%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies. Of the 30 cases of human immunodeficiency virus, 5 (16.7%) cases were positive for anti-CCP antibodies and 25 (83.3%) cases were negative.Conclusions: Anti-CCP can be positive in cases of infectious diseases like tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus. Positivity of anti-CCP antibodies for tuberculosis is more for pulmonary (more for sputum-positive than sputum-negative) than extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Anti-CCP, thus is not very specific for rheumatoid arthritis.

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