scholarly journals Investigation of Biological Activities of Wild Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia Linn. Var. Abbreviata Ser.)

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi My Hanh Pham ◽  
Dai-Hung Ngo ◽  
Dai-Nghiep Ngo ◽  
Thanh Sang Vo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Ic50 Value

Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia L. var. Abbreviata Ser.) is a wild edible variety of M. charantia, often used in folk medicine. In this study, the biological activities of its extract and fractions were investigated in vitro. It was found that ethyl acetate (EA) fraction exhibited high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.43 ± 0.04 mg/mL, while the chloroform (CF), EA, and n-butanol (Bu) fractions had strong 2,2-azinobis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)+ scavenging ability with IC50 values of 0.36 ± 0.04 mg/mL, 0.35 ± 0.02 mg/mL, and 0.35 ± 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EA and Bu fractions exhibited the highest protective effect against H2O2-induced DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the EA fraction was effective in the inhibition of enzyme α-amylase activity with an IC50 value of 0.27 ± 0.029 mg/mL. Finally, it was observed that the production of nitric oxide (NO), a pro-inflammatory mediator, was significantly reduced from LPS-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells by the ethanol extract (ET) and the EA fraction. Therefore, wild bitter melon could be considered as a promising biomaterial for the development of pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Honey Extract

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Sun ◽  
Feng-Feng Shi ◽  
Wen-Wen Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Hao Zhang ◽  
Kai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Safflower honey is a unique type of monofloral honey collected from the nectar of Carthamus tinctorius L. in the Apis mellifera colonies of northwestern China. Scant information is available regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. Here, for the first time, we investigated this honey’s chemical composition and evaluated its in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Basic physicochemical parameters of the safflower honey samples in comparison to established quality standards suggested that safflower honeys presented a good level of quality. The in vitro antioxidant tests showed that extract from Carthamus tinctorius L. honey (ECH) effectively scavenged DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals. In lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activated murine macrophages inflammatory model, ECH treatment to the cells inhibited the release of nitric oxide and down-regulated the expressions of inflammatory-relating genes (iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1). The expressions of the antioxidant genes TXNRD, HO-1, and NQO-1, were significantly boosted in a concentration-dependent manner. ECH decreased the phosphorylation of IκBα and inhibited the nuclear entry of the NF-κB-p65 protein, in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells, accompany with the increased expressions of Nrf-2 and HO-1, suggesting that ECH achieved the anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB signal transduction and boosting the antioxidant system via activating Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling. These results, taken together, indicated that safflower honey has great potential into developing as a high-quality agriproduct.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Haloferax sp. NRS1: image analysis, characterization, in vitro thrombolysis and cytotoxicity

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend M. Tag ◽  
Amna A. Saddiq ◽  
Monagi Alkinani ◽  
Nashwa Hagagy
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps

AbstractHaloferax sp strain NRS1 (MT967913) was isolated from a solar saltern on the southern coast of the Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The present study was designed for estimate the potential capacity of the Haloferax sp strain NRS1 to synthesize (silver nanoparticles) AgNPs. Biological activities such as thrombolysis and cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated. The characterization of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Haloferax sp (Hfx-AgNPs) was analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The dark brown color of the Hfx-AgNPs colloidal showed maximum absorbance at 458 nm. TEM image analysis revealed that the shape of the Hfx-AgNPs was spherical and a size range was 5.77- 73.14 nm. The XRD spectra showed a crystallographic plane of silver nanoparticles, with a crystalline size of 29.28 nm. The prominent FTIR peaks obtained at 3281, 1644 and 1250 cm− 1 identified the Functional groups involved in the reduction of silver ion reduction to AgNPs. Zeta potential results revealed a negative surface charge and stability of Hfx-AgNPs. Colloidal solution of Hfx-AgNPs with concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 μg/mL was used to determine its hemolytic activity. Less than 12.5 μg/mL of tested agent showed no hemolysis with high significant decrease compared with positive control, which confirms that Hfx-AgNPs are considered non-hemolytic (non-toxic) agents according to the ISO/TR 7405-1984(f) protocol. Thrombolysis activity of Hfx-AgNPs was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, Hfx-AgNPs may be considered a promising lead compound for the pharmacological industry.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4-Phenylaminobenzofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-564
Author(s):  
Ju liu Ju liu ◽  
Jun Li Jun Li ◽  
Jian tao Shi Jian tao Shi ◽  
Jie Li Jie Li ◽  
Xue chen Hao Xue chen Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivatives ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Synthesis And Biological Evaluation

A series of novel 4-phenylaminobenzofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives had been prepared and assessed for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against three lung cancer cell lines (A549, H460 and H1975). The bioassay results showed most of the designed compounds exhibited potential antiproliferation activities. Among them, compound 8f exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against A549 and H460 cell lines with IC50 value of 2.54 μM and 2.68 μM, respectively, which was comparable to that of the positive control sorafenib (IC50 = 2.69 μM for A549 and 3.71 μM for H460). AO/EB staining suggests that compound 8f could induce apoptosis in A549 cells. Furthermore, cell cycle analyses show that compound 8f increased G0/G1 A549 cells arrest in a concentration-dependent manner. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies indicated that mono-electron-withdrawing groups (mono-EWGs) on the phenyl ring are positive on the antitumor activity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hydroxybenzoate Lithium Complexes in Inducing Apoptosis in HT-1080 Human Fibrosarcoma Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jassem G. Mahdi ◽  
Eamon J. Mahdi ◽  
Amal Al-Hazzaa ◽  
Chris J. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fibrosarcoma Cells ◽  
Lithium Complexes ◽  
Human Fibrosarcoma Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Effects

There has been a growing interest in the beneficial effects of simple phenolic acids and their ability to exhibit various biological activities. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro biological activities of 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxybenzoate lithium (HBLi) complexes on HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells by methods of using a metabolic activity assay, immunochemical and morphological techniques. Results showed that HBLi complexes exert their cytotoxic activities in a concentration- and chemical structure-dependent manner in the following order: 4-HBLi > 3-HBLi > 2-HBLi. Flow cytometry displayed evidence of apoptosis induced by 3-HBLi (21.8%) and 4-HBLi (33.2%). These results were verified by SEM, which revealed the formation of apoptotic bodies. In addition, these 3-HBLi and 4-HBLi caused an increase in HT-1080 cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase when compared to the controls (25% and 30.6%, resp.) when cells were treated with 6 mM for 24 hours. Immunochemical studies related to the molecular mechanism of apoptosis indicated that HBLi complexes downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax, p53, and caspases-3 in a concentration-dependent manner. HBLi complexes lowered Bcl-2/Bax ratios and induced the expression of p53 and caspase-3. These results suggest that HBLi complexes may exert their apoptotic effects through mitochondrial-mediated, caspase-dependent, apoptotic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Tomato roots secrete tomatine to modulate the bacterial assemblage of the rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Nakayasu ◽  
Kohei Ohno ◽  
Kyoko Takamatsu ◽  
Yuichi Aoki ◽  
Shinichi Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Assemblage ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Abstract Saponins are the group of plant specialized metabolites which are widely distributed in angiosperm plants and have various biological activities. The present study focused on α-tomatine, a major saponin present in tissues of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. α-Tomatine is responsible for defense against plant pathogens and herbivores, but its biological function in the rhizosphere remains unknown. Secretion of tomatine was higher at the early growth than the green-fruit stage in hydroponically grown plants, and the concentration of tomatine in the rhizosphere of field-grown plants was higher than that of the bulk soil at all growth stages. The effects of tomatine and its aglycone tomatidine on the bacterial communities in the soil were evaluated in vitro, revealing that both compounds influenced the microbiome in a concentration-dependent manner. Numerous bacterial families were influenced in tomatine/tomatidine-treated soil as well as in the tomato rhizosphere. Sphingomonadaceae species, which are commonly observed and enriched in tomato rhizospheres in the fields, were also enriched in tomatine- and tomatidine-treated soils. Moreover, a jasmonate-responsive ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 4 mutant associated with low tomatine production caused the root-associated bacterial communities to change with a reduced abundance of Sphingomonadaceae. Taken together, our results highlight the role of tomatine in shaping the bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and suggest additional functions of tomatine in belowground biological communication.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Raw-Extract Centella asiatica (RECA) on Acetylcholinesterase, Inflammations, and Oxidative Stress Activities via In Vitro and In Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zetty Zulikha Hafiz ◽  
Muhammad ‘Afif Mohd Amin ◽  
Richard Muhammad Johari James ◽  
Lay Kek Teh ◽  
Mohd Zaki Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) is one of the medicinal plants that has been reported to exert comprehensive neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. In view of this, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of C. asiatica, designated as raw-extract of C. asiatica (RECA) in reducing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inflammations, and oxidative stress activities via both in vitro (SH-SY5Y and RAW 264.7 cells) and in vivo (Sprague Dawley rats). Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis reveals that RECA contains a significantly high proportion of glycosides than the aglycones with madecassoside as the highest component, followed by asiaticoside. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with RECA significantly reduced the AChE activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 31.09 ± 10.07 µg/mL. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of RECA were evaluated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our results elucidated that treatment with RECA significantly suppressed the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine/mediators and oxidative stress released in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, these patterns of inhibition were consistent as observed in the LPS-induced neuroinflammation Sprague Dawley rats’ model. The highest concentration used in the two models presented the most significant results. Herein, our findings strongly suggest that RECA may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease through inhibiting the AChE, inflammation, and oxidative stress activities.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 6-Methylcoumarin in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages via Regulation of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5351
Author(s):  
Jin-Kyu Kang ◽  
You-Chul Chung ◽  
Chang-Gu Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Persistent inflammatory reactions promote mucosal damage and cause dysfunction, such as pain, swelling, seizures, and fever. Therefore, in this study, in order to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of 6-methylcoumarin (6-MC) and suggest its availability, macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to conduct an in vitro experiment. The effects of 6-MC on the production and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were examined. The results showed that 6-MC reduced the levels of NO and PGE2 without being cytotoxic. In addition, it was demonstrated that the increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by LPS stimulation, was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner with 6-MC treatment. Moreover, Western blot results showed that the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which increased with LPS treatment, were decreased by 6-MC treatment. Mechanistic studies revealed that 6-MC reduced the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and IκBα in the MAPK and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, respectively. These results suggest that 6-MC is a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases that inhibits inflammation via the MAPK and NF-κB pathways.

scholarly journals In vitro antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract of Uromastyx hardwickii skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2109-2115
Author(s):  
Waqas Ahmad Shams ◽  
Gauhar Rehman ◽  
Samuel Okwudili Onoja ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Khurshaid Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract of Uromastyx hardwickii Skin (UHSEE). Methods: The in vitro effects of UHSEE at various concentrations (10 - 250 µg/mL) on the activities of ߙ-amylase, ߙ-glucosidase and glucose uptake by yeast cells were used to evaluate its antidiabetic potential. Nitric oxide (NO), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide inhibitory assay were employed to determine its antioxidant effects, while the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay. Results: UHSEE inhibited ߙ-amylase and ߙ-glucosidase enzymes but increased glucose uptake by yeast cells in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). It also inhibited NO, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and HRBC hemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Uromastyx hardwickii skin exhibits promising good antidiabetic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties in vitro. However, its true potentials in this regard needs to be evaluted in vivo.

scholarly journals Lipophilised resveratrol affects the generation of reactive nitrogen species in murine macrophages and cell viability of human cancer cell lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Young Oh ◽  
Yi-Shiou Chiou ◽  
Min-Hsiung Pan ◽  
Fereidoon Shahidi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Nitrite Production ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ht 29

Resveratrol was esterified with selected fatty acids to improve its lipophilicity and potential application in food and biological systems. In this study, resveratrol and monoesters of resveratryl propionate (RC3:0) and resveratryl docosahexaenate (RDHA) were examined for their effects on anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity in vitro.  All test compounds showed a decreased nitrite production in murine RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration dependent manner. Resveratrol, RC3:0, and RDHA were evaluated for their effects on cell viability using liver cancer (HepG2), colon cancer (HT-29, A431), breast cancer (MCF7), and gastric cancer (AGS) cell lines. All test compounds showed decreased cell viability of HepG2, A431, MCF7, HT-29, and AGS in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest that resveratrol esters may serve as potential anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative agents.

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