Commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Strains Significantly Impact Shiraz Tannin and Polysaccharide Composition with Implications for Wine Colour and Astringency

To gain knowledge on the role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains (and their hybrids) on wine sensory properties, 10 commercially available yeast strains were selected on the basis of their widespread usage and/or novel properties and used to produce Shiraz wines. Significant differences were evident post-alcoholic fermentation and after 24 months of ageing with regards to the number of wine compositional variables, in particular the concentration of tannin and polysaccharide. Strain L2323 is known for its pectinolytic activity and yielded the highest concentration of both yeast- and grape-derived polysaccharides. Wines made with the mannoprotein-producing strain Uvaferm HPS (high levels of polysaccharides) did not have elevated concentrations of yeast-derived polysaccharides, despite this observation being made for corresponding model fermentations, suggesting that mannoprotein production or retention might be limited by the wine matrix. Wine tannin concentration showed a high level of variability between strains, with L2323 having the highest, and AWRI1503 the lowest concentration. Sensory analysis of the wines after 24 months ageing revealed significant differences between the yeast strains, but only the attributes opacity (visual colour) and astringency could be predicted by partial least squares regression using the wine compositional data. Notably, the astringency attribute was associated with higher concentrations of both tannin and polysaccharide, contrary to reports in the literature which suggested that polysaccharide exerts a moderating effect on astringency. The results confirm previous reports demonstrating that the choice of yeast strain represents an opportunity to shape wine style outcomes.

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Role of cations in the flocculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and discrimination of the corresponding proteins

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m91-064 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 397-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hiroshi Kuriyama ◽

Itaru Umeda ◽

Harumi Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Surface Proteins ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

Yeast Strains ◽

Yeast Flocculation ◽

Different Types ◽

Anionic Groups

Asexual yeast flocculation was studied using strong flocculents of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inhibitory effect of cations on flocculation is considered to be caused by competition between those cations and Ca2+ at the binding site of the Ca2+-requiring protein that is involved in flocculation. Inhibition of flocculation by various cations occurred in the following order: La3+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Na+. Cations such as Mg2+, Co2+, and K+ promoted flocculation. This promoting effect may be based on the reduction of electrostatic repulsive force between cells caused by binding of these cations anionic groups present on the cell surface. In flocculation induced by these cations, trace amounts of Ca2+ excreted on the cell surface may activate the corresponding protein. The ratio of Sr2+/Ca2+ below which cells flocculated varied among strains: for strains having the FLO5 gene, it was 400 to 500; for strains having the FLO1 gene, about 150; and for two alcohol yeast strains, 40 to 50. This suggests that there are several different types of cell surface proteins involved in flocculation in different yeast strains. Key words: yeast, flocculation, protein, cation, calcium.

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Stoichiometry of G protein subunits affects the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromone signal transduction pathway

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.10.2.510-517.1990 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 510-517

Author(s):

G M Cole ◽

D E Stone ◽

S I Reed

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Signal Transduction ◽

G Protein ◽

Signal Transduction Pathway ◽

Mating Pheromone ◽

Gal1 Promoter ◽

Gamma Subunits ◽

Adaptation Response ◽

High Level

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPA1, STE4, and STE18 genes encode products homologous to mammalian G-protein alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, respectively. All three genes function in the transduction of the signal generated by mating pheromone in haploid cells. To characterize more completely the role of these genes in mating, we have conditionally overexpressed GPA1, STE4, and STE18, using the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Overexpression of STE4 alone, or STE4 together with STE18, generated a response in haploid cells suggestive of pheromone signal transduction: arrest in G1 of the cell cycle, formation of cellular projections, and induction of the pheromone-inducible transcript FUS1 25- to 70-fold. High-level STE18 expression alone had none of these effects, nor did overexpression of STE4 in a MATa/alpha diploid. However, STE18 was essential for the response, since overexpression of STE4 was unable to activate a response in a ste18 null strain. GPA1 hyperexpression suppressed the phenotype of STE4 overexpression. In addition, cells that overexpressed GPA1 were more resistant to pheromone and recovered more quickly from pheromone than did wild-type cells, which suggests that GPA1 may function in an adaptation response to pheromone.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone Chaperones FACT and Spt6 modulate Pol II and histone occupancy genome-wide

10.1101/265074 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rakesh Pathak ◽

Priyanka Singh ◽

Sudha Ananthakrishnan ◽

Sarah Adamczyk ◽

Olivia Schimmel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Critical Role ◽

Histone Chaperones ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Pol Ii ◽

Chromatin Remodelers ◽

Coding Regions ◽

Genome Wide ◽

High Level

ABSTRACTHistone chaperones, chromatin remodelers, and histone modifying complexes play a critical role in alleviating the nucleosomal barrier. Here, we have examined the role of two highly conserved yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) histone chaperones, FACT and Spt6, in regulating transcription and histone occupancy. We show that the H3 tail contributes to the recruitment of FACT to coding sequences in a manner dependent on acetylation. We found that deleting a H3 HAT Gcn5 or mutating lysines on the H3 tail impairs FACT recruitment at ADH1 and ARG1 genes. However, deleting the H4 tail or mutating the H4 lysines failed to dampen FACT occupancy in coding regions. Additionally, we show that FACT-depletion greatly reduces Pol II occupancy in the 5’ ends genome-wide. By contrast, Spt6-depletion led to reduction in Pol II occupancy towards the 3’ end, in a manner dependent on the gene-length. Severe transcription and histone eviction defects were also observed in a strain that was impaired for Spt6 recruitment (spt6Δ202) and depleted of FACT. Importantly, the severity of the defect strongly correlated with WT Pol II occupancies at these genes, indicating critical roles of Spt6 and Spt16 in promoting high-level transcription. Collectively, our study shows cooperation, as well as redundancy between chaperones, FACT and Spt6, in regulating transcription and chromatin in coding regions of transcribed genes.

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Non-Conventional Yeasts as Alternatives in Modern Baking for Improved Performance and Aroma Enhancement

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7030102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Nerve Zhou ◽

Thandiwe Semumu ◽

Amparo Gamero

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Baker’S Yeast ◽

Baker's Yeast ◽

Principal Role ◽

Yeast Strains ◽

Improved Performance ◽

Baking Industry ◽

Cereal Flour

Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains the baker’s yeast of choice in the baking industry. However, its ability to ferment cereal flour sugars and accumulate CO2 as a principal role of yeast in baking is not as unique as previously thought decades ago. The widely conserved fermentative lifestyle among the Saccharomycotina has increased our interest in the search for non-conventional yeast strains to either augment conventional baker’s yeast or develop robust strains to cater for the now diverse consumer-driven markets. A decade of research on alternative baker’s yeasts has shown that non-conventional yeasts are increasingly becoming important due to their wide carbon fermentation ranges, their novel aromatic flavour generation, and their robust stress tolerance. This review presents the credentials of non-conventional yeasts as attractive yeasts for modern baking. The evolution of the fermentative trait and tolerance to baking-associated stresses as two important attributes of baker’s yeast are discussed besides their contribution to aroma enhancement. The review further discusses the approaches to obtain new strains suitable for baking applications.

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Stoichiometry of G protein subunits affects the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromone signal transduction pathway.

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.10.2.510 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 510-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

G M Cole ◽

D E Stone ◽

S I Reed

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Signal Transduction ◽

G Protein ◽

Signal Transduction Pathway ◽

Mating Pheromone ◽

Gal1 Promoter ◽

Gamma Subunits ◽

Adaptation Response ◽

High Level

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Pyrophosphate Stimulates the Phosphate-Sodium Symporter ofTrypanosoma bruceiAcidocalcisomes andSaccharomyces cerevisiaeVacuoles

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00045-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Evgeniy Potapenko ◽

Ciro D. Cordeiro ◽

Guozhong Huang ◽

Roberto Docampo

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Membrane Potential ◽

Trypanosoma Brucei ◽

Wild Type ◽

Inorganic Pyrophosphate ◽

Content Type ◽

Yeast Strains ◽

Outward Currents ◽

Sodium Dependent

ABSTRACTInorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is a by-product of biosynthetic reactions and has bioenergetic and regulatory roles in a variety of cells. Here we show that PPiand other pyrophosphate-containing compounds, including polyphosphate (polyP), can stimulate sodium-dependent depolarization of the membrane potential and Piconductance inXenopusoocytes expressing aSaccharomyces cerevisiaeorTrypanosoma bruceiNa+/Pisymporter. PPiis not taken up byXenopusoocytes, and deletion of the TbPho91 SPX domain abolished its depolarizing effect. PPigenerated outward currents in Na+/Pi-loaded giant vacuoles prepared from wild-type orpho91Δ yeast strains expressingTbPHO91but not from thepho91Δstrains. Our results suggest that PPi, at physiological concentrations, can function as a signaling molecule releasing PifromS. cerevisiaevacuoles andT. bruceiacidocalcisomes.IMPORTANCEAcidocalcisomes, first described in trypanosomes and known to be present in a variety of cells, have similarities withS. cerevisiaevacuoles in their structure and composition. Both organelles share a Na+/Pisymporter involved in Pirelease to the cytosol, where it is needed for biosynthetic reactions. Here we show that PPi, at physiological cytosolic concentrations, stimulates the symporter expressed in eitherXenopusoocytes or yeast vacuoles via its SPX domain, revealing a signaling role of this molecule.

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The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA Recombination and Repair Functions of the RAD52 Epistasis Group Inhibit Ty1 Transposition

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/154.2.543 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 154 (2) ◽

pp. 543-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alison J Rattray ◽

Brenda K Shafer ◽

David J Garfinkel

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Homologous Recombination ◽

Dna Recombination ◽

Recombinational Repair ◽

Repair Pathway ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Double Stranded Dna ◽

High Level ◽

In Cells

Abstract RNA transcribed from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae retrotransposon Ty1 accumulates to a high level in mitotically growing haploid cells, yet transposition occurs at very low frequencies. The product of reverse transcription is a linear double-stranded DNA molecule that reenters the genome by either Ty1-integrase-mediated insertion or homologous recombination with one of the preexisting genomic Ty1 (or δ) elements. Here we examine the role of the cellular homologous recombination functions on Ty1 transposition. We find that transposition is elevated in cells mutated for genes in the RAD52 recombinational repair pathway, such as RAD50, RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, or RAD57, or in the DNA ligase I gene CDC9, but is not elevated in cells mutated in the DNA repair functions encoded by the RAD1, RAD2, or MSH2 genes. The increase in Ty1 transposition observed when genes in the RAD52 recombinational pathway are mutated is not associated with a significant increase in Ty1 RNA or proteins. However, unincorporated Ty1 cDNA levels are markedly elevated. These results suggest that members of the RAD52 recombinational repair pathway inhibit Ty1 post-translationally by influencing the fate of Ty1 cDNA.

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The Role of PPN1 and PPX1 Polyphosphatases in the Stress-Induced Changes of the Polysaccharide Composition of Cell Wall and Extracellular Matrix of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells

Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal ◽

10.15407/microbiolj82.02.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 3-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.I. Voychuk ◽

◽

O.M. Gromozova ◽

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Polysaccharide Composition ◽

Induced Changes

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Acetylation-Dependent Recruitment of the FACT Complex and Its Role in Regulating Pol II Occupancy Genome-Wide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

10.1101/285932 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rakesh Pathak ◽

Priyanka Singh ◽

Sudha Ananthakrishnan ◽

Sarah Adamczyk ◽

Olivia Schimmel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Critical Role ◽

Histone Chaperones ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Pol Ii ◽

Chromatin Remodelers ◽

Coding Regions ◽

Genome Wide ◽

High Level

ABSTRACTHistone chaperones, chromatin remodelers, and histone modifying complexes play a critical role in alleviating the nucleosomal barrier for DNA-dependent processes. Here, we have examined the role of two highly conserved yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) histone chaperones, FACT and Spt6, in regulating transcription. We show that the H3 tail contributes to the recruitment of FACT to coding sequences in a manner dependent on acetylation. We found that deleting a H3 HAT Gcn5 or mutating lysines on the H3 tail impairs FACT recruitment at ADH1 and ARG1 genes. However, deleting the H4 tail or mutating the H4 lysines failed to dampen FACT occupancy in coding regions. Additionally, we show that FACT-depletion reduces Pol II occupancy in the 5’ ends genome-wide. In contrast, Spt6-depletion leads to reduction in Pol II occupancy towards the 3’ end, in a manner dependent on the gene-length. Severe transcription and histone eviction defects were also observed in a strain that was impaired for Spt6 recruitment (spt6Δ202) and depleted of FACT. Importantly, the severity of the defect strongly correlated with WT Pol II occupancies at these genes, indicating critical roles of Spt6 and Spt16 in promoting high-level transcription. Collectively, our results show that both FACT and Spt6 are important for transcription globally and may participate during different stages of transcription.

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Hsp104 as a key modulator of prion-mediated oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj20121806 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 454 (2) ◽

pp. 217-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kuljit Singh ◽

Aliabbas A. Saleh ◽

Ankan K. Bhadra ◽

Ipsita Roy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Protein Translation ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Cellular Redox ◽

High Level ◽

Almost All ◽

Cellular Defence

Maintenance of cellular redox homoeostasis forms an important part of the cellular defence mechanism and continued cell viability. Despite extensive studies, the role of the chaperone Hsp104 (heat-shock protein of 102 kDa) in propagation of misfolded protein aggregates in the cell and generation of oxidative stress remains poorly understood. Expression of RNQ1-RFP in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells led to the generation of the prion form of the protein and increased oxidative stress. In the present study, we show that disruption of Hsp104 in an isogenic yeast strain led to solubilization of RNQ1-RFP. This reduced the oxidative stress generated in the cell. The higher level of oxidative stress in the Hsp104-containing (parental) strain correlated with lower activity of almost all of the intracellular antioxidant enzymes assayed. Surprisingly, this did not correspond with the gene expression analysis data. To compensate for the decrease in protein translation induced by a high level of reactive oxygen species, transcriptional up-regulation takes place. This explains the discrepancy observed between the transcription level and functional enzymatic product. Our results show that in a ΔHsp104 strain, due to lower oxidative stress, no such mismatch is observed, corresponding with higher cell viability. Thus Hsp104 is indirectly responsible for enhancing the oxidative stress in a prion-rich environment.

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