scholarly journals CSN5A Subunit of COP9 Signalosome Temporally Buffers Response to Heat in Arabidopsis

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Brijesh Singh Yadav ◽  
Shanmuhapreya Dhanapal ◽  
Mark Berliner ◽  
Alin Finkelshtein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Stress Studies ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

The COP9 (constitutive photomorphogenesis 9) signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex which regulates various growth and developmental processes. However, the role of CSN during environmental stress is largely unknown. Using Arabidopsis as model organism, we used CSN hypomorphic mutants to study the role of the CSN in plant responses to environmental stress and found that heat stress specifically enhanced the growth of csn5a-1 but not the growth of other hypomorphic photomorphogenesis mutants tested. Following heat stress, csn5a-1 exhibits an increase in cell size, ploidy, photosynthetic activity, and number of lateral roots and an upregulation of genes connected to the auxin response. Immunoblot analysis revealed an increase in deneddylation of CUL1 but not CUL3 following heat stress in csn5a-1, implicating improved CUL1 activity as a basis for the improved growth of csn5a-1 following heat stress. Studies using DR5::N7-VENUS and DII-VENUS reporter constructs confirm that the heat-induced growth is due to an increase in auxin signaling. Our results indicate that CSN5A has a specific role in deneddylation of CUL1 and that CSN5A is required for the recovery of AUX/IAA repressor levels following recurrent heat stress to regulate auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals The role of FLOWERING LOCUS C in vernalization of Brassica: the importance of vernalization research in the face of climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Shea ◽  
Etsuko Itabashi ◽  
Satoko Takada ◽  
Eigo Fukai ◽  
Tomohiro Kakizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
The Face

As climatic changes occur over the coming decades, our scientific understanding of plant responses to environmental cues will become an increasingly important consideration in the breeding of agricultural crops. This review provides a summary of the literature regarding vernalization research in Brassicaceae, covering both the historical origins of vernalization research and current understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the regulatory pathways involved in vernalization and subsequent inflorescence. We discuss the evolutionarily conserved biology between the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana and the Brassica genus of crop cultivars and contrast the differences between the genera to illustrate the importance of Brassica-specific research into vernalization.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF HSP-25 IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS LONGEVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S865-S865
Author(s):  
Niaya James ◽  
Jessica L Scheirer ◽  
Karl Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Small Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
University Of Texas

Abstract Karl A. Rodriguez’s laboratory at the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, is interested in the role of small heat shock proteins in the proteostasis network and aging using the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecular chaperones facilitate protein folding and improve the degradation activity of the proteasome and autolysosome hence decreasing disease-associated aggregates. Previous work in rodents have shown an increase in expression levels of the small heat shock protein 25 (HSP-25) correlates with maximum lifespan potential. To further explore the role of HSP-25 in C. elegans, two HSP-25 knock-out strains were exposed to a one-hour heat stress, heat shock, and two non-heat stress conditions.

scholarly journals Selective Autophagy inDrosophila

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis P. Nezis
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Cytoplasmic Material ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
High Conservation

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process of cellular self-eating and is a major pathway for degradation of cytoplasmic material by the lysosomal machinery. Autophagy functions as a cellular response in nutrient starvation, but it is also associated with the removal of protein aggregates and damaged organelles and therefore plays an important role in the quality control of proteins and organelles. Although it was initially believed that autophagy occurs randomly in the cell, during the last years, there is growing evidence that sequestration and degradation of cytoplasmic material by autophagy can be selective. Given the important role of autophagy and selective autophagy in several disease-related processes such as neurodegeneration, infections, and tumorigenesis, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of selective autophagy, especially at the organismal level.Drosophilais an excellent genetically modifiable model organism exhibiting high conservation in the autophagic machinery. However, the regulation and mechanisms of selective autophagy inDrosophilahave been largely unexplored. In this paper, I will present an overview of the current knowledge about selective autophagy inDrosophila.

The Arabidopsis heat-intolerant 5 (hit5 )/enhanced response to aba 1 (era1 ) mutant reveals the crucial role of protein farnesylation in plant responses to heat stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Rong Wu ◽  
Lian-Chin Wang ◽  
Yu-Ru Lin ◽  
Chi-Pei Weng ◽  
Ching-Hui Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Plant Responses

Role of antioxidant phenolic compounds in plant responses to environmental stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. S11
Author(s):  
Mohamad Al Hassan ◽  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
Oscar Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Plant Responses

scholarly journals Methylation of histone H3K23 blocks DNA damage in pericentric heterochromatin during meiosis

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo Papazyan ◽  
Ekaterina Voronina ◽  
Jessica R Chapman ◽  
Teresa R Luperchio ◽  
Tonya M Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Pericentric Heterochromatin ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Established Role

Despite the well-established role of heterochromatin in protecting chromosomal integrity during meiosis and mitosis, the contribution and extent of heterochromatic histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) remain poorly defined. Here, we gained novel functional insight about heterochromatic PTMs by analyzing histone H3 purified from the heterochromatic germline micronucleus of the model organism Tetrahymena thermophila. Mass spectrometric sequencing of micronuclear H3 identified H3K23 trimethylation (H3K23me3), a previously uncharacterized PTM. H3K23me3 became particularly enriched during meiotic leptotene and zygotene in germline chromatin of Tetrahymena and C. elegans. Loss of H3K23me3 in Tetrahymena through deletion of the methyltransferase Ezl3p caused mislocalization of meiosis-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to heterochromatin, and a decrease in progeny viability. These results show that an evolutionarily conserved developmental pathway regulates H3K23me3 during meiosis, and our studies in Tetrahymena suggest this pathway may function to protect heterochromatin from DSBs.

scholarly journals Pathogenic shifts in endogenous microbiota impede tissue regeneration via distinct activation of TAK1/MKK/p38

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P Arnold ◽  
M Shane Merryman ◽  
Aleishia Harris-Arnold ◽  
Sean A McKinney ◽  
Chris W Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Invertebrate Model

The interrelationship between endogenous microbiota, the immune system, and tissue regeneration is an area of intense research due to its potential therapeutic applications. We investigated this relationship in Schmidtea mediterranea, a model organism capable of regenerating any and all of its adult tissues. Microbiome characterization revealed a high Bacteroidetes to Proteobacteria ratio in healthy animals. Perturbations eliciting an expansion of Proteobacteria coincided with ectopic lesions and tissue degeneration. The culture of these bacteria yielded a strain of Pseudomonas capable of inducing progressive tissue degeneration. RNAi screening uncovered a TAK1 innate immune signaling module underlying compromised tissue homeostasis and regeneration during infection. TAK1/MKK/p38 signaling mediated opposing regulation of apoptosis during infection versus normal tissue regeneration. Given the complex role of inflammation in either hindering or supporting reparative wound healing and regeneration, this invertebrate model provides a basis for dissecting the duality of evolutionarily conserved inflammatory signaling in complex, multi-organ adult tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals The Role of Chloroplast Gene Expression in Plant Responses to Environmental Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Aihong Zhang ◽  
Xiuming Li ◽  
Congming Lu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
High Light ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Chloroplast Gene ◽  
Chloroplast Gene Expression ◽  
Endosymbiotic Origin

Chloroplasts are plant organelles that carry out photosynthesis, produce various metabolites, and sense changes in the external environment. Given their endosymbiotic origin, chloroplasts have retained independent genomes and gene-expression machinery. Most genes from the prokaryotic ancestors of chloroplasts were transferred into the nucleus over the course of evolution. However, the importance of chloroplast gene expression in environmental stress responses have recently become more apparent. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of the distinct chloroplast gene expression processes in plant responses to environmental stresses. For example, the transcription and translation of psbA play an important role in high-light stress responses. A better understanding of the connection between chloroplast gene expression and environmental stress responses is crucial for breeding stress-tolerant crops better able to cope with the rapidly changing environment.

scholarly journals Poly- and Monoamine Metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor: The New Role of Glutamine Synthetase-Like Enzymes in the Survival under Environmental Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sergii Krysenko ◽  
Arne Matthews ◽  
Tobias Busche ◽  
Agnieszka Bera ◽  
Wolfgang Wohlleben
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Animal Material ◽  
Dead Plant

Soil bacteria from the genus <i>Streptomyces</i>, phylum Actinobacteria, feature a complex metabolism and diverse adaptations to environmental stress. These characteristics are consequences of variable nutrition availability in the soil and allow survival under changing nitrogen conditions. <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> is a model organism for Actinobacteria and is able to use nitrogen from a variety of sources including unusual compounds originating from the decomposition of dead plant and animal material, such as polyamines or monoamines (like ethanolamine). Assimilation of nitrogen from these sources in <i>S. coelicolor</i> remains largely unstudied. Using microbiological, biochemical and in silico approaches, it was recently possible to postulate polyamine and monoamine (ethanolamine) utilization pathways in <i>S. coelicolor.</i> Glutamine synthetase-like enzymes (GS-like) play a central role in these pathways. Extensive studies have revealed that these enzymes are able to detoxify polyamines or monoamines and allow the survival of <i>S. coelicolor</i> in soil containing an excess of these compounds. On the other hand, at low concentrations, polyamines and monoamines can be utilized as nitrogen and carbon sources. It has been demonstrated that the first step in poly-/monoamine assimilation is catalyzed by GlnA3 (a γ-glutamylpolyamine synthetase) and GlnA4 (a γ-glutamylethanolamide synthetase), respectively. First insights into the regulation of polyamine and ethanolamine metabolism have revealed that the expression of the <i>glnA3</i> and the <i>glnA4</i> gene are controlled on the transcriptional level.

Role of potassium transporter KUP8 in plant responses to heavy metals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sanz‐Fernández ◽  
Alejandro Rodríguez‐González ◽  
Luisa M. Sandalio ◽  
María C. Romero‐Puertas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Potassium Transporter
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