scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2: Overview and Its Impact on Oral Health

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1690
Author(s):  
Miriam Ting ◽  
Jon B. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Access To Dental Care ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Systemic Health

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its virulent variants causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide, and is highly contagious. A comprehensive search was conducted for the most current published information about SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and oral health. Clinical studies, case reports, in vivo studies, and any current published evidence on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 were included in this review. Survival against SARS-CoV-2 infection may be partially dependent on periodontal health, good oral hygiene, and access to dental care. Optimum oral health, maintaining good systemic health, and elimination of smoking habits may be beneficial for the prevention and management of COVID-19 infections.

scholarly journals Melatonin: A Novel Indolamine in Oral Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Chava ◽  
K. Sirisha
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Anti Oxidant

This paper attempts to summarise the findings accumulated within the last few years concerning the hormone of darkness “melatonin.” Based on its origin, from the pineal gland until recently it was portrayed exclusively as a hormone. Due to its lipophilic nature, it is accessible to every cell. Thus, in the classic sense it is a cell protector rather than a hormone. Recent studies, by Claustrat et al. (2005), detected few extrapineal sources of melatonin like retina, gastrointestinal tract, and salivary glands. Due to these sources, research by Cutando et al. (2007), is trying to explore the implications of melatonin in the oral cavity, in addition to its physiologic anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory and oncostatic functions at systemic level that may be receptor dependent or independent. Recently, certain in vivo studies by Shimozuma et al. (2011), detected the secretion of melatonin from salivary glands further emphasising its local activity. Thus, within our confines the effects of melatonin in the mouth are reviewed, adding a note on therapeutic potentials of melatonin both systemically and orally.

Composition and Potential Health Benefits of Pomegranate: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 1817-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Vučić ◽  
Milkica Grabež ◽  
Armen Trchounian ◽  
Aleksandra Arsić
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Background:: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are widely consumed and used as preventive and therapeutic agents since ancient times. Pomegranate is a rich source of a variety of phytochemicals, which are responsible for its strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential. Objective:: The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of chemical structure and potential health benefits of pomegranate. Method: : A comprehensive search of available literature. Results:: The review of the literature confirms that juice and extracts obtained from different parts of this plant, including fruit peel, seeds, and leaves exert health benefits in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial and anti-tumour effects of pomegranate fruit are of particular scientific and clinical interest. Conclusion:: Further investigations are required to clarify the mechanism of action of the bioactive ingredients and to reveal full potential of pomegranate as both preventive and therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Kratom from Head to Toe—Case Reviews of Adverse Events and Toxicities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Alsarraf ◽  
Jamie Myers ◽  
Sarah Culbreth ◽  
John Fanikos
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Neonatal Withdrawal

Abstract Purpose of Review This review describes case reports for patients with kratom-associated adverse events in order to assist clinicians with patient management. A stepwise approach is proposed for assessing active kratom users as well as considerations for the management of toxicities or withdrawal. Recent Findings Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies illustrate the pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of kratom extract. No randomized controlled trials in humans exist that assess the safety and efficacy of the substance. Cross-sectional surveys from active users and reports from poison control centers have shown acute and chronic physiological and psychological adverse events. Summary Reports of adverse effects associated with kratom use have demonstrated hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, hepatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, seizure, and coma. Overdose toxidrome leads to respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and fatalities. Adult and neonatal withdrawal symptoms have also occurred. Clinicians should be aware of the risks and benefits of kratom use.

scholarly journals Probiotics and Periodontal Disease: A Current Update

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (Spl) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Vivek Gupta ◽  
Bhavana Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Systemic Health ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Current

ABSTRACT Probiotics are live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits upon the host. Although a lot of work has been done regarding the effects of probiotic applications on systemic health particularly gastro-intestinal, the impact of probiotics on oral health is relatively new with lots of research going on; the area of probiotics and periodontal disease is still in its infancy. The present article summarizes the role of probiotics in periodontal health and disease and its effectiveness in periodontal therapy.

scholarly journals Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index and Periodontal Health in Osteoporotic Patients Affected by BRONJ: An Observational Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Oteri ◽  
Ennio Bramanti ◽  
Valentina Nigrone ◽  
Marco Cicciù
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Necrotic Bone ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaws ◽  
The Poor

The aim of this paper is to describe the incidence of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and periodontal disease in 32 osteoporotic patients affected by bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Moreover, an investigation between the obtained data and 20 patients treated with bisphosphonate drugs and with no evidence of ONJ has been performed. Osteonecrosis of the jaws is a rare complication in a subset of patients receiving bisphosphonate drugs. Based on a growing number of case reports and institutional reviews, this kind of therapy can cause exposed and necrotic bone specifically in the jawbones. From April 2009 to June 2012, 32 osteoporotic patients treated with oral or intravenous (I.V.) bisphosphonates have been recorded. The patients’ oral health has been compared with 20 bisphosphonates patients with no ONJ. The incidence of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and periodontal disease was recorded in all patients and student’st-test was applied for comparing the two investigated groups data. Data demonstrated how the poor dental hygiene and periodontal disease of the BRONJ patients’ are connected with the occurrence of jawbone necrosis.

scholarly journals The Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) in Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2050
Author(s):  
Christos Demosthenous ◽  
Ioanna Sakellari ◽  
Vassiliki Douka ◽  
Penelope Georgia Papayanni ◽  
Achilles Anagnostopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Published Evidence

Background: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are implicated in the complex interplay involving graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in hematologic malignancies. Methods: A review of literature through PubMed was undertaken to summarize the published evidence on the pathophysiology and clinical implications of MDSCs in allo-HCT. Literature sources published in English since 1978 were searched, using the terms Natural Suppressor (NS) cells, MDSCs, GVHD, and allo-HCT. Results: In vivo studies demonstrated that MDSCs derived from mobilization protocols could strongly suppress allo-responses mediated by T cells and enhance T-Reg activity, thus inhibiting GVHD toxicity. However, the influence of MDSCs on the GVL effect is not fully defined. Conclusions: The induction or maintenance of MDSC suppressive function would be advantageous in suppressing inflammation associated with GVHD. Pathways involved in MDSC metabolism and the inflammasome signaling are a promising field of study to elucidate the function of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of GVHD and translate these findings to a clinical setting.

Time to Shift: From Scaling and Root Planing to Root Surface Debridement

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilou Ciantar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Scaling And Root Planing ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Root Planing ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

Non-surgical periodontal treatment has traditionally been based on the notion that bacterial plaque (dental biofilm) penetrates and infects dental cementum. Removal of this infected cementum via scaling and root planing (SRP) was considered essential for re-establishing periodontal health. In the 1980s the concept of SRP was questioned because several in vitro studies showed that the biofilm was superficially located on the root surface and its disruption and removal could be relatively easily achieved by ultrasonic instrumentation of the root surface (known as root surface debridement (RSD). Subsequent in vivo studies corroborated the in vitro findings. There is now sufficient clinical evidence to substantiate the concept that the deliberate removal of cementum by SRP is no longer warranted or justified, and that the more gentle and conservative approach of RSD should be implemented in daily periodontal practice.

scholarly journals AACC Guidance Document on Biotin Interference in Laboratory Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danni Li ◽  
Angela Ferguson ◽  
Mark A Cervinski ◽  
Kara L Lynch ◽  
Patrick B Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Biotin Binding

Abstract Background Laboratory tests that use streptavidin–biotin binding mechanisms have the potential to be affected by high circulating biotin concentrations, which would produce positive and negative interference in biotinylated competitive and noncompetitive (sandwich) immunoassays, respectively. Consumption of high-dose biotin supplements for cosmetic or health-related reasons has drawn attention to biotin interference in clinical laboratory tests. Case reports and in vivo studies show that ingestion of supplemental biotin can cause clinically significant errors in select biotinylated immunoassays. Content This AACC Academy document is intended to provide guidance to laboratorians and clinicians for preventing, identifying, and dealing with biotin interference. In vivo and in vitro spiking studies have demonstrated that biotin concentrations required to cause interference vary by test and by manufacturer. This document includes discussion of biotin’s mechanisms for interference in immunoassays, pharmacokinetics, and results of in vitro and in vivo studies and cites examples of assays known to be affected by high biotin concentrations. This document also provides guidance recommendations intended to assist laboratories and clinicians in identifying and addressing biotin interference in laboratory testing. Summary The recent increase in the use of high-dose biotin supplements requires laboratorians and clinicians to be mindful of the potential for biotin interference in biotinylated immunoassay-based laboratory tests. Laboratories, clinicians, regulators, and patients should work together to ensure accurate laboratory results. Laboratories have several options for identifying suspected biotin interference in specimens. Alternatively, the relatively fast elimination of biotin allows the potential for rapid follow-up specimen analysis if necessary.

Effects of human cytomegalovirus infection on the coagulation system

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (03) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Gerdes ◽  
Harry Büller ◽  
Alessandro Squizzato
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Acute Thrombosis ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Human Cmv

SummaryPathophysiological mechanisms of acute vascular thrombosis are not fully understood. It has been suggested that different infectious pathogens are responsible agents of thrombotic disorders. The infection hypothesis is supported by an increasing number of reports on the interaction between acute infection and coagulation. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is supposed to play an important role in apparently unprovoked thrombosis. We reviewed all human in vitro and in vivo studies on the influence of human CMV infection on the coagulation system, as well as all case reports of acute thrombosis during acute human CMV infection. In the published literature there is mounting evidence that human CMV may play a role in thrombotic disorders. Definitive conclusions, however, cannot be drawn, although the in vitro studies are convincing and offer insight in the pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Assessment of oral changes resulting from the use of electronic cigarettes: Literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e14410212146
Author(s):  
Gilvany Maria da Silva ◽  
Herrison Félix Valeriano da Silva ◽  
Igor Jose de Oliveira Campos ◽  
Eros Ruan de Medeiros ◽  
Débora Frota Colares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Control Study

The aim of the present study is to carry out a bibliographic review regarding oral changes resulting from the use of electronic cigarettes. The PubMed database was used, with the following terms and operators: “electronic cigarette” OR "e-cigarette" OR "electronic cigarettes" AND “oral health” from January 2015 to January 2020. Books were also used and epidemiological data. The inclusion criteria were articles published in Portuguese and / or English, which met the theme proposed by the study. Non-systematic literature reviews and articles that did not strictly refer to the topic were excluded. The final result was a sample of 14 articles, in which 7.14% (n = 1) was classified as a systematic review, 78.57% (n = 11) as an “in vivo” study; 7.14% (n = 1) as a case control study and 7.14% (n = 1) as a pilot study. There was a low level of published evidence on the results of oral health. The effects mentioned referred to periodontal changes and cellular damage to oral tissues. In addition, the use of electronic cigarettes has not demonstrated health security in its entirety.

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