scholarly journals A Systematic Study on Design Initiation of Conceptual 3DPVS

Biomimetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Yuan ◽  
Xing
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novel Scaffold

An important product in biomedical and biomimetic engineering is the 3D scaffold, which mimics the real tissue in vitro to achieve the external cultivation of cells. The difference between the 3D scaffold and other biomimetic products lies in the fact that the former mimics the internal features of tissue, while the latter generally approximates the external traits of biological beings. In the field of scaffold engineering, the 3D printed vibratory scaffold, 3DPVS, has been proposed as a present-to-future novel scaffold product, and it currently stays at the stage of conceptual development. To achieve the novel design of the conceptual 3DPVS, a conceptual design process has been established by authors in their previous work, which contain three main stages, namely the design initiation, concept generation, and concept evaluation. In terms of design initiation, it is a ‘must-accomplish’ stage which generates outputs for both the subsequent concept generation and evaluation. Work of design initiation therefore is of significant value and it consists of several tasks; that is, conducting a thorough literature review, summarizing the fundamental issues preparing the general conceptual design, studying the multi-characterization of the 3DPVS, putting forward the potential base model(s), as well as indicating the ideality of the scaffold and establishing potential ideal model(s) for the 3DPVS. In this paper, design initiation will be chiefly focused upon these essential aspects to be discussed, work of which is expected to be useful in establishing a solid ground for future innovation work of the 3DPVS.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Polycaprolactone/Nano Hydroxyapatite (PCL/nHA) 3D Scaffold with Enhanced In Vitro Cell Response via Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Yong Sang Cho ◽  
So-Jung Gwak ◽  
Young-Sam Cho
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Compressive Modulus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Design For Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
3D Printed

In this study, we investigated the dual-pore kagome-structure design of a 3D-printed scaffold with enhanced in vitro cell response and compared the mechanical properties with 3D-printed scaffolds with conventional or offset patterns. The compressive modulus of the 3D-printed scaffold with the proposed design was found to resemble that of the 3D-printed scaffold with a conventional pattern at similar pore sizes despite higher porosity. Furthermore, the compressive modulus of the proposed scaffold surpassed that of the 3D-printed scaffold with conventional and offset patterns at similar porosities owing to the structural characteristics of the kagome structure. Regarding the in vitro cell response, cell adhesion, cell growth, and ALP concentration of the proposed scaffold for 14 days was superior to those of the control group scaffolds. Consequently, we found that the mechanical properties and in vitro cell response of the 3D-printed scaffold could be improved by kagome and dual-pore structures through DfAM. Moreover, we revealed that the dual-pore structure is effective for the in vitro cell response compared to the structures possessing conventional and offset patterns.

Conceptual Design of a Positively Engaged Continuously Variable Transmission

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan R. Dalling ◽  
B. Levi Haupt ◽  
Robert H. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
Variable Transmission

Previous research and publications at Brigham Young University have established the new positive engagement continuously variable transmission (PECVT) family of continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). Various embodiments of PECVTs have been identified and surveyed; resulting in the identification of the behavior termed the non-integer tooth problem. Additional research has been conducted to further explore the non-integer tooth problem and identify a feasible solution to the problem through the use of a product development method. This publication will address the conceptual design phase of the product development process for a PECVT. This will include: the identification of the operating conditions of a PECVT, i.e. further detail of the non-integer tooth problem, identification of required characteristics for a solution, design specifications, concept generation, concept evaluation, and concept selection. The conceptual design phase will result in a conceptual solution which will satisfy the identified characteristic requirement and designs specifications.

scholarly journals A Systematic Study on TRIZ to Prepare the Innovation of 3DPVS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haobo Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Scaffold Design ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Timely Topic

Regarding the innovation of biomimetic cell culture scaffold, 3DPVS, namely 3D printed vibratory scaffold, has been proposed as a present-to-future novel product. It currently stands at the stage of conceptual development. Design studies on 3DPVS Concept Generation show high value, and one essential part inside this could dwell at establishing design methodological knowledge that has innovation merits. TRIZ with its tools has proven value on creation and design innovativeness while they have not yet been utilized for scaffold design at mature level. In this paper, we attempt to study and explore the design aspects of TRIZ and its most relevant tools on the context of 3DPVS, as well as preliminarily indicating a TRIZ-based methodology, which could tailor the design aspects of 3DPVS. It also, to some extent, fills a gap in scaffold engineering and TRIZ literature and provides a comprehensive overview of a timely topic.

scholarly journals Mutations of ovine and bovine placental lactogens change, in different ways, the biological activity mediated through homologous and heterologous lactogenic receptors

2001 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Helman ◽  
A Herman ◽  
J Paly ◽  
O Livnah ◽  
PA Elkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Placental Lactogens ◽  
Minimal Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

The biological activities of ovine (o) and bovine (b) placental lactogens (PLs) and their mutated analogues were compared using several binding and in vitro bioassays. In almost all cases, the biological activities of these analogues mediated through rat (r) prolactin receptor (PRLR) showed little or no change, despite a remarkable decrease in their capacity to bind to the extracellular domain of rPRLR and despite compromised stability of the 2:1 complexes. These results indicate that mutations impairing the ability of oPL or bPL to form stable complexes with lactogenic receptors do not necessarily lead to a decrease in the biological activity, because the transient existence of the homodimeric complex is still sufficient to initiate the signal transduction. In contrast, oPL and bPL analogues completely, or almost completely, lost their ability to activate homologous PRLRs, and some of them even acted as site-2 antagonists. To explain the difference between the activity transduced through homologous and that transduced through heterologous PRLRs, we propose the novel term 'minimal time of homodimer persistence'. This concept assumes that in order to initiate the signal transduction, the associated kinase JAK2 has to be transphosphorylated and this requires a 'minimal time' of homodimer existence. In the case of homologous interaction between ruminant PLs and homologous PRLRs, this 'minimal time' is met, though the interaction with homologous PRLRs has a shorter half-life than that with heterologous PRLRs. Therefore oPL or bPL are active in cells possessing both homologous and heterologous PRLRs. Mutations of oPL or bPL lead to reduced affinity and, consequently, the 'time of homodimer persistence' is shortened. Although in the case of heterologous interaction the 'minimal time' is still sufficient to initiate the biological activity, in homologous interactions, which are already weaker than heterologous interactions, further destabilization of the complex shortens its persistence to below the 'minimal time', leading to full or partial loss of biological activity.

scholarly journals Physical Properties and Biocompatibility of a Core-Sheath Structure Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering In Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuangjian Wang ◽  
Guolin Meng ◽  
Laquan Zhang ◽  
Zuo Xiong ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Scaffold ◽  
Sheath Structure

Scaffolds play a critical role in the practical realization of bone tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a core-sheath structure composite scaffold possesses admirable physical properties and biocompatibility in vitro. A novel scaffold composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA/β-TCP) skeleton wrapped with Type I collagen via low-temperature deposition manufacturing (LDM) was prepared, and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were used to evaluate cell behavior on the scaffold. PLGA/β-TCP skeleton was chosen as the control group. Physical properties were evaluated by pority ratio, compressive strength, and Young’s modulus. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study morphology of cells. Hydrophilicity was evaluated by water absorption ratio. Cell proliferation was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT). Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by alkaline phosphates activity (ALP). The results indicated that physical properties of the novel scaffold were as good as those of the control group, hydrophilicity was observably better (P<0.01) than that of control group, and abilities of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs on novel scaffold were significantly greater (P<0.05) than those of control group, which suggests that the novel scaffold possesses preferable characteristics and have high value in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Gene Electrotransfer in Breast-Cancer Cell Lines Cultured on a Novel Collagen-Free 3D Scaffold

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Sieni ◽  
Monica Dettin ◽  
Mariangela De Robertis ◽  
Bianca Bazzolo ◽  
Maria Teresa Conconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
The Novel ◽  
3D Scaffold

Gene Electro-Transfer (GET) is a powerful method of DNA delivery with great potential for medical applications. Although GET has been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo, the optimal parameters remain controversial. 2D cell cultures have been widely used to investigate GET protocols, but have intrinsic limitations, whereas 3D cultures may represent a more reliable model thanks to the capacity of reproducing the tumor architecture. Here we applied two GET protocols, using a plate or linear electrode, on 3D-cultured HCC1954 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell lines grown on a novel collagen-free 3D scaffold and compared results with conventional 2D cultures. To evaluate the electrotransfer efficiency, we used the plasmid pEGFP-C3 encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene. The novel 3D scaffold promoted extracellular matrix deposition, which particularly influences cell behavior in both in vitro cell cultures and in vivo tumor tissue. While the transfection efficiency was similar in the 2D-cultures, we observed significant differences in the 3D-model. The transfection efficiency in the 3D vs 2D model was 44% versus 15% (p < 0.01) and 24% versus 17% (p < 0.01) in HCC1954 and MDA-MB231 cell cultures, respectively. These findings suggest that the novel 3D scaffold allows reproducing, at least partially, the peculiar morphology of the original tumor tissues, thus allowing us to detect meaningful differences between the two cell lines. Following GET with plate electrodes, cell viability was higher in 3D-cultured HCC1954 (66%) and MDA-MB231 (96%) cell lines compared to their 2D counterpart (53% and 63%, respectively, p < 0.001). Based on these results, we propose the novel 3D scaffold as a reliable support for the preparation of cell cultures in GET studies. It may increase the reliability of in vitro assays and allow the optimization of GET parameters of in vivo protocols.

A Knowledge-Based Conceptual Design Support System

2011 ◽  
Vol 308-310 ◽  
pp. 1540-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woldemichael Dereje Engida ◽  
Fakhruldin Mohd Hashim ◽  
Sujan Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Support System ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Design Support ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
Design Support System

Conceptual design process is considered as the most critical and important phase of product design process. It is the stage where product’s fundamental features are determined, large proportion of the lifecycle cost of the product is committed, and other major decisions are made, which have significant impact on the downstream design and related manufacturing processes. It is also a knowledge intensive process where diverse knowledge and several years of experience are put together to design quality and cost effective products. Unfortunately, computer support systems for this phase are lagging behind compared to the currently available commercial computer aided design (CAD) tools for the later stage of design. This paper proposes a knowledge-based conceptual design support system in which design concepts from existing products and previous experiences are captured and used to design future products. The conceptual design support system will assist designers during the conceptual design process by generating concepts on a morphology chart and handling some of the repetitive tasks. In addition, the generated concepts may inspire designers to generate new concepts. The design support system addresses the key features of conceptual design process such as functional analysis, concept generation and concept evaluation with aid of the production rules within the knowledge-based system.

scholarly journals Tissue-Specific Regulation of HNK-1 Biosynthesis by Bisecting GlcNAc

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5176
Author(s):  
Haruka Kawade ◽  
Jyoji Morise ◽  
Sushil K. Mishra ◽  
Shuta Tsujioka ◽  
Shogo Oka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Synaptic Functions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bisecting Glcnac

Human natural killer—1 (HNK-1) is a sulfated glyco-epitope regulating cell adhesion and synaptic functions. HNK-1 and its non-sulfated forms, which are specifically expressed in the brain and the kidney, respectively, are distinctly biosynthesized by two homologous glycosyltransferases: GlcAT-P in the brain and GlcAT-S in the kidney. However, it is largely unclear how the activity of these isozymes is regulated in vivo. We recently found that bisecting GlcNAc, a branching sugar in N-glycan, suppresses both GlcAT-P activity and HNK-1 expression in the brain. Here, we observed that the expression of non-sulfated HNK-1 in the kidney is unexpectedly unaltered in mutant mice lacking bisecting GlcNAc. This suggests that the biosynthesis of HNK-1 in the brain and the kidney are differentially regulated by bisecting GlcNAc. Mechanistically, in vitro activity assays demonstrated that bisecting GlcNAc inhibits the activity of GlcAT-P but not that of GlcAT-S. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation showed that GlcAT-P binds poorly to bisected N-glycan substrates, whereas GlcAT-S binds similarly to bisected and non-bisected N-glycans. These findings revealed the difference of the highly homologous isozymes for HNK-1 synthesis, highlighting the novel mechanism of the tissue-specific regulation of HNK-1 synthesis by bisecting GlcNAc.

On the Role of Transferrin in 67Ga Uptake by Tumor Cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
P. Thouvenot ◽  
F. Brunotte ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
L. J. Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sarcoma Cells ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

In vitro uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 59Fe-citrate by DS sarcoma cells in the presence of tumor-bearing animal blood plasma showed a dramatic inhibition of both 67Ga and 59Fe uptakes: about ii/io of 67Ga and 1/5o of the 59Fe are taken up by the cells. Subcellular fractionation appears to indicate no specific binding to cell structures, and the difference of binding seems to be related to the transferrin chelation and transmembrane transport differences

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

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