scholarly journals Bimodal Data Fusion of Simultaneous Measurements of EEG and fNIRS during Lower Limb Movements

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Maged S. AL-Quraishi ◽  
Irraivan Elamvazuthi ◽  
Tong Boon Tang ◽  
Muhammad Al-Qurishi ◽  
Syed Hasan Adil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlated Channels ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Joint Classification ◽  
The Relationship

Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have temporal and spatial characteristics that may complement each other and, therefore, pose an intriguing approach for brain-computer interaction (BCI). In this work, the relationship between the hemodynamic response and brain oscillation activity was investigated using the concurrent recording of fNIRS and EEG during ankle joint movements. Twenty subjects participated in this experiment. The EEG was recorded using 20 electrodes and hemodynamic responses were recorded using 32 optodes positioned over the motor cortex areas. The event-related desynchronization (ERD) feature was extracted from the EEG signal in the alpha band (8–11) Hz, and the concentration change of the oxy-hemoglobin (oxyHb) was evaluated from the hemodynamics response. During the motor execution of the ankle joint movements, a decrease in the alpha (8–11) Hz amplitude (desynchronization) was found to be correlated with an increase of the oxyHb (r = −0.64061, p < 0.00001) observed on the Cz electrode and the average of the fNIRS channels (ch28, ch25, ch32, ch35) close to the foot area representation. Then, the correlated channels in both modalities were used for ankle joint movement classification. The result demonstrates that the integrated modality based on the correlated channels provides a substantial enhancement in ankle joint classification accuracy of 93.01 ± 5.60% (p < 0.01) compared with single modality. These results highlight the potential of the bimodal fNIR–EEG approach for the development of future BCI for lower limb rehabilitation.

A Sensor Used to Detect the Thigh Human-Machine Coupling Force in Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot

2013 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 444-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wen Li ◽  
Lin Yong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Rehabilitation Robot ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Coupling Force ◽  
Active Rehabilitation ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Limb Rehabilitation

The acquisition of the patients’ active force is the key process to realize the active rehabilitation function of lower limb rehabilitation robot. This paper analyzes the relationship of human-machine coupling force and patients’ active force, based on what put forward a proposal to acquire the active force .A sensor is designed to detect the human-machine coupling force and a stress analysis is carried on based on the actual usage of the sensor. The scheme of the stress foil arrangement and bridge circuit design are discussed in the paper. And a FEA is also carried out to analyze the strain situation of the elastomer.

Design, Synthesis and Experiment of Foot-driven Lower Limb Rehabilitation Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Chennan Yu ◽  
Jun Ye ◽  
Jiangming Jia ◽  
Xiong Zhao ◽  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Home Healthcare ◽  
Dimensional Synthesis ◽  
Linkage Mechanism ◽  
Open Chain ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Lower Limb Rehabilitation

Abstract A foot-driven rehabilitation mechanism is suitable for home healthcare due to its advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, small size, and low price. However, most of the existing studies on lower limb rehabilitation movement only consider the trajectory of the ankle joint and ignore the influence of its posture angle, which makes it difficult to ensure the rotation requirements of the ankle joint and achieve a better rehabilitation effect. Aiming at the shortcomings of the current research, this paper proposes a new single degree-of-freedom (DOF) configuration that uses a noncircular gear train to constrain the three revolute joints (3R) open-chain linkage and expounds its dimensional synthesis method. Then, a parameter optimization model of the mechanism is established, and the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the mechanism parameters. According to the eight groups of key poses and position points of the ankle joint and the toe, the different configurations of the rehabilitation mechanism are synthesized and compared, and it is concluded that the newly proposed 3R open-chain noncircular gear-linkage mechanism exhibits better performance. Finally, combined with the requirements of rehabilitation training, a lower limb rehabilitation training device is designed based on this new configuration, and a prototype is developed and tested. The test results show that the device can meet the requirements of the key position points and posture angles of the ankle joint and the toe and verify the correctness of the proposed dimensional synthesis and optimization methods.

scholarly journals Oxygenation of the Prefrontal Cortex during Memory Interference

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Crawford ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Moderate Evidence ◽  
Memory Interference ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Memory interference occurs when information (or memory) to be retrieved is interrupted by competing stimuli. Proactive interference (PI) occurs when previously acquired information interferes with newly acquired information, whereas retroactive interference (RI) occurs when newly acquired information interferes with previously acquired information. In animal paradigms, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been shown to help facilitate pattern separation, and ultimately, attenuate memory interference. Research evaluating the role of the PFC on memory interference among humans is, however, limited. The present study evaluated the relationship between PFC oxygenation on memory interference among humans, with the null hypothesis being that there is no association between PFC oxygenation and memory interference. Methods: A total of 74 participants (Mage = 20.8 years) completed the study. Participants completed a computerized memory interference task using the AB-DE AC-FG paradigm, with PFC oxyhemoglobin levels measured via functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: For PI, the change in oxygenated hemoglobin for encoding list 1 and retrieval of list 1 showed moderate evidence for the null hypothesis (BF01 = 4.05 and 3.28, respectively). For RI, the Bayesian analysis also established moderate evidence for the null hypothesis across all memory task time points. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates evidence of the null hypothesis regarding the relationship between PFC oxygenation and memory interference. Future work should continue to investigate this topic to identify mechanistic correlates of memory interference.

scholarly journals Cognitive Load Changes during Music Listening and its Implication in Earcon Design in Public Environments: An fNIRS Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunju Jeong ◽  
Hokyoung Ryu ◽  
Geonsang Jo ◽  
Jaehyeok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Pitch Contour ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Public Environment ◽  
Effective Design

A key for earcon design in public environments is to incorporate an individual’s perceived level of cognitive load for better communication. This study aimed to examine the cognitive load changes required to perform a melodic contour identification task (CIT). While healthy college students (N = 16) were presented with five CITs, behavioral (reaction time and accuracy) and cerebral hemodynamic responses were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Our behavioral findings showed a gradual increase in cognitive load from CIT1 to CIT3 followed by an abrupt increase between CIT4 (i.e., listening to two concurrent melodic contours in an alternating manner and identifying the direction of the target contour, p < 0.001) and CIT5 (i.e., listening to two concurrent melodic contours in a divided manner and identifying the directions of both contours, p < 0.001). Cerebral hemodynamic responses showed a congruent trend with behavioral findings. Specific to the frontopolar area (Brodmann’s area 10), oxygenated hemoglobin increased significantly between CIT4 and CIT5 (p < 0.05) while the level of deoxygenated hemoglobin decreased. Altogether, the findings indicate that the cognitive threshold for young adults (CIT5) and appropriate tuning of the relationship between timbre and pitch contour can lower the perceived cognitive load and, thus, can be an effective design strategy for earcon in a public environment.

scholarly journals Mandibular prognathism attenuates brain blood flow induced by chewing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kanzaki ◽  
Satoshi Wada ◽  
Masao Kumazawa ◽  
Yuko Yamada ◽  
Tomomi Sudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Mandibular Prognathism ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Calculation Task ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMastication is closely related to brain function. Animal experiments have revealed that tooth loss has a negative influence on brain function. Clinical studies also suggest that normal occlusion is an essential factor for favorable brain function. Mandibular prognathism (MP) usually results in occlusal dysfunction. However, the relationship between MP and brain function remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the relationship between MP and brain function by measuring brain blood flow (BBF). Seventeen subjects with normal occlusion (NORM) and 25 patients with MP participated in this study. The number of occlusal contacts were counted. Electromyography of the masseter muscles during clenching was also recorded. BBF was measured with non-invasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy during calculation task and chewing task. The number of the occlusal contacts and masseter muscle activity were lower in MP compared with NORM. The calculation task increased BBF in both groups. The chewing task also increased BBF in the inferior frontal gyrus in both groups, although the increase in MP was smaller than in NORM. We discovered that patients with MP exhibited a smaller increase in BBF at the inferior frontal gyrus during chewing as compared with NORM. As such, MP would negatively affect brain function.

scholarly journals Deficit of Inhibition as a Marker of Neuroplasticity (DEFINE Study) in Rehabilitation: A Longitudinal Cohort Study Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Simis ◽  
Marta Imamura ◽  
Paulo Sampaio de Melo ◽  
Anna Marduy ◽  
Linamara Battistella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Brain plasticity is an intrinsic property of the nervous system, which is modified during its lifetime. This is one mechanism of recuperation after injuries with an important role in rehabilitation. Evidence suggests that injuries in the nervous system disturb the stability between inhibition and excitability essential for the recuperation process of neuroplasticity. However, the mechanisms involved in this balance are not completely understood and, besides the advancement in the field, the knowledge has had a low impact on the rehabilitation practice. Therefore, the understanding of the relationship between biomarkers and functional disability may help to optimize and individualize treatments and build consistent studies in the future.Methods: This cohort study, the deficit of inhibition as a marker of neuroplasticity study, will follow four groups (stroke, spinal cord injury, limb amputation, and osteoarthritis) to understand the neuroplasticity mechanisms involved in motor rehabilitation. We will recruit 500 subjects (including 100 age- and sex-matched controls). A battery of neurophysiological assessments, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging, is going to be used to assess plasticity on the motor cortex before and after rehabilitation. One of the main hypotheses in this cohort is that the level of intracortical inhibition is related to functional deficits. We expect to develop a better understanding of the neuroplasticity mechanisms involved in the rehabilitation, and we expect to build neurophysiological “transdiagnostic” biomarkers, especially the markers of inhibition, which will have great relevance in the scientific and therapeutic improvement in rehabilitation. The relationship between neurophysiological and clinical outcomes will be analyzed using linear and logistic regression models.Discussion: By evaluating the reliability of electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and magnetic resonance imaging measures as possible biomarkers for neurologic rehabilitation in different neurologic disorders, this study will aid in the understanding of brain plasticity mechanisms in rehabilitation, allowing more effective approaches and screening methods to take place.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic Correlates of Fluctuations in Neuronal Excitability: A Simultaneous Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) and functional Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengchen Cai ◽  
Giovanni Pellegrino ◽  
Amanda Spilkin ◽  
Edouard Delaire ◽  
Makoto Uji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Hemodynamic Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between task-related hemodynamic activity and brain excitability is poorly understood in humans as it is technically challenging to combine simultaneously non-invasive brain stimulation and neuroimaging modalities. Cortical excitability corresponds to the readiness to become active and as such it may be linked to metabolic demand. Hypotheses: Cortical excitability and hemodynamic activity are positively linked so that increases in hemodynamic activity correspond to increases in excitability and vice-versa. Methods: Fluctuations of excitability and hemodynamic activity were investigated via simultaneous Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). Sixteen healthy subjects participated in a sham-controlled, pseudorandomized, counterbalanced study with PAS (PAS10/PAS25/Sham) on the right primary motor cortex (M1). The relationship between M1 excitability (Motor Evoked Potentials, MEP) and hemodynamic responses to finger tapping reconstructed via personalized fNIRS was assessed. Results: Hemodynamic activity exhibited a significant correlation with cortical excitability: increased HbO and HbR (absolute amplitude) corresponded to increased excitability and vice-versa (r=0.25; p=0.03 and r=0.16; p=0.17, respectively). The effect of PAS on excitability and hemodynamic activity showed a trend of positive correlation: correlation of MEP ratios (post-PAS/pre-PAS) with HbO and HbR ratios (r=0.19, p=0.29; r=0.18, p=0.30, respectively). Conclusions: TMS-fNIRS is a suitable technique for simultaneous investigation of excitability and hemodynamic responses and indicates a relationship between these two cortical properties. PAS effect is not limited to cortical excitability but also impacts hemodynamic processes. These findings have an impact on the application of neuromodulatory interventions in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.

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