scholarly journals Forgiveness in the Modulation of Responsibility in a Sample of Italian Adolescents with a Tendency towards Conduct or Obsessive–Compulsive Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Carlo Buonanno ◽  
Enrico Iuliano ◽  
Giuseppe Grossi ◽  
Francesco Mancini ◽  
Emiliana Stendardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Self Forgiveness ◽  
Italian Adolescents

Although obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and the conduct disorders (CD) express a contrasting symptomatology, they could represent different answers to a common matrix about morality. In the literature, some theoretical models describe people with OCD as individuals who experience high levels of responsibility and guilt. On the other hand, adolescents with a CD are described as if they do not feel guilty at all or consider anti-social purposes as more important than existing moral purposes. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of forgiveness in responsibility and guilt levels and to test whether this putative relation was influenced by tendencies towards obsessive–compulsive problems (OCP) or conduct problems (CP). In total, 231 adolescents aged between 16 and 18 years were self-assessed using a Youth Self-Report, Child Responsibility Attitudes Questionnaire, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and Test Of Self-Conscious Affect. The results show that self-forgiveness predicted responsibility levels, while guilt was predicted by self-forgiveness and situation-forgiveness. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that the effects of OCP on responsibility and guilt were mediated by self-forgiveness and situation-forgiveness. Regarding CP, no mediated effects were found. In conclusion, lower proneness to forgive increases responsibility and guilt, and this is particularly evident in subjects with higher levels of OCP.

Brain Hemispheric Organization, Anxiety, and Psychoses

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Galderisi ◽  
Armida Mucci ◽  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hemispheric Functioning

AbstractAbnormalities of brain hemispheric organization have been found in a variety of psychiatric disorders. Despite the great amount of data collected and the number of theoretical models elaborated, the role of these abnormalities in the pathogenesis of these disorders remains controversial. This article briefly reviews current concepts of hemispheric functioning, discusses the role of abnormalities of brain hemispheric organization in schizophrenia and in two anxiety disorders (panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder), and outlines a developmental perspective that accounts for the observed abnormalities.

Development of a Measure of Egodystonicity

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Purdon ◽  
Emily Cripps ◽  
Matthew Faull ◽  
Stephen Joseph ◽  
Karen Rowa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Report Measure

The term egodystonicity is a distinguishing feature of obsessional thoughts (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) but has not been consistently nor comprehensively defined. These two studies present the development and initial validation of the Ego-Dystonicity Questionnaire (EDQ). A definition of the term egodystonicity was developed, drawing from existing definitions and theoretical models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). An item pool was developed and refined through initial testing, the product of which was a 37-item self-report measure. Respondents identify a specific type of thought (e.g., their most upsetting obsession, most upsetting worry) and then answer each item with respect to that thought. In study 1, two nonclinical samples (N = 278) and one sample of individuals with OCD (N = 17) were administered the EDQ along with self-report measures of mood, personality, OCD symptoms, and appraisal of obsessional thoughts. A principal components analysis of the nonclinical sample yielded four factors. Scales based on these factors had acceptable internal reliability. The EDQ distinguished between obsessional thoughts and common worries, and individuals in the clinical sample had higher scores than the nonclinical sample. The EDQ showed low to moderate correlations with OCD symptoms, mood, and appraisal of obsessions but was not associated with personality traits such as neuroticism. In study 2, individuals with OCD (N = 28) completed the EDQ in reference to their most or least upsetting obsession. As predicted, egodystonicity varied according to obsession type. These data indicate that the EDQ is a valid measure with potential for use in understanding and treating obsessional problems.

The Role of Disgust and Threat in Contamination-Related Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Leanne Mulheron ◽  
Mairwen K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Avoidance ◽  
High Threat

Abstract Theoretical models suggest that the emotion disgust or threat overestimates are important in the aetiology and maintenance of contamination-based obsessive–compulsive disorder. In the current study, both threat and disgust were manipulated and 115 non-clinical participants (mean age 20.46 years, 94 females) were randomly allocated to one of four conditions: high-disgust/low-threat (n = 29), high-disgust/high-threat (n = 29), low-disgust/low-threat (n = 27), and low-disgust/high-threat (n = 30). Participants completed a hierarchical Behavioural Avoidance Task (BAT). Those in the high-threat and high-disgust conditions completed less BAT steps and showed more latency to begin each step than those in the low-threat and low-disgust conditions. A significant interaction effect was observed for the high-disgust/high-threat condition as significantly more task avoidance was found. However, handwashing duration was not significantly different between the high and low-disgust conditions or the high and low-threat conditions. The overall low mean washing duration of 30 s possibly due to the testing conditions and/or the ethnic heterogeneity of the sample may account for these results. There were also no significant differences in the level of anxiety for participants in the high-threat compared with the low-threat conditions. It is possible that anxiety remained relatively low across conditions as a result of the graduated BAT. Future research and theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

Unpacking the role of self-reported compulsivity and impulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Prochazkova ◽  
Linden Parkes ◽  
Andrew Dawson ◽  
George Youssef ◽  
Gabriela M. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Final Group

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine whether individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and demographically matched healthy individuals can be clustered into distinct clinical subtypes based on dimensional measures of their self-reported compulsivity (OBQ–44 and IUS–12) and impulsivity (UPPS–P).MethodsParticipants (n=217) were 103 patients with a clinical diagnosis of OCD; 79 individuals from the community who were “OCD-likely” according to self-report (Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Revised scores equal or greater than 21); and 35 healthy controls. All data were collected between 2013 and 2015 using self-report measures that assessed different aspects of compulsivity and impulsivity. Principal component analysis revealed two components broadly representing an individual's level of compulsivity and impulsivity. Unsupervised clustering grouped participants into four subgroups, each representing one part of an orthogonal compulsive-impulsive phenotype.ResultsClustering converged to yield four subgroups: one group low on both compulsivity and impulsivity, comprised mostly of healthy controls and demonstrating the lowest OCD symptom severity; two groups showing roughly equal clinical severity, but with opposing drivers (i.e., high compulsivity and low impulsivity, and vice versa); and a final group high on both compulsivity and impulsivity and recording the highest clinical severity. Notably, the largest cluster of individuals with OCD was characterized by high impulsivity and low compulsivity. Our results suggest thatbothimpulsivity and compulsivity mediate obsessive-compulsive symptomatology.ConclusionsIndividuals with OCD can be clustered into distinct subtypes based on measures of compulsivity and impulsivity, with the latter being found to be one of the more defining characteristics of the disorder. These dimensions may serve as viable and novel treatment targets.

scholarly journals Social network sites and obsessive-compulsive disorder: An investigation with suppression analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Li Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

This research examined the relationship between social network site (SNS) intensity, SNS addiction, and the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), alongside its factors of obsession and compulsion. The overlap of SNS intensity and SNS addiction was controlled in the study to predict the measured severity of OCD. In this study, 204 Malaysian undergraduate students were recruited to complete the revised Facebook Intensity Scale, the revised Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and the self-report version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The overlap of SNS intensity and SNS addiction was supported by their significant positive correlation. Furthermore, SNS addiction significantly correlated with the measured OCD and its corresponding factors. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the entry of SNS intensity enhanced the facilitative effect of SNS addiction on OCD and its factors. Therefore, the role of SNS intensity as a suppressor was supported. In the same regression model, SNS intensity predicted the severity of OCD and its compulsion subscale negatively. Implications and directions for future research were also discussed in this manuscript.

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Child Version (OCI-CV) in General Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tíscar Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Antonio Godoy ◽  
José A. Piqueras ◽  
Aurora Gavino ◽  
Agustín E. Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. Evidence-based assessment is necessary as a first step for developing psychopathological studies and assessing the effectiveness of empirically validated treatments. There are several measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or symptomatology in children and adolescents, but all of them present some limitations. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) by Foa and her colleagues has showed to be a good self-report measure to capture the dimensionality of OCD in adults and adolescents. The child version of the OCI (OCI-CV) was validated for clinical children and adolescents in 2010, showing excellent psychometric properties. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure and invariance of the OCI-CV in the general population. Results showed a six-factor structure with one second-order factor, good consistency values, and invariance across region, age, and sex. The OCI-CV is an excellent inventory for assessing the dimensions of OCD symptomatology in general populations of children and adolescents. The invariance across sex and age warrants its utilization for research purposes.

EMDR as therapy for conditions other than PTSD: a systematic review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Scelles ◽  
LUIS CARLO BULNES
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Research Criteria ◽  
Positive Effect

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment for post-traumatic stressdisorder (PTSD). The technique is known to stimulate the capacity to reprocess maladaptive memoriesthat are thought to be central to this pathology. Here we investigate if EMDR therapy can be used in otherconditions than PTSD. We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Wesearched for published empirical findings on EMDR, excluding those centred on trauma and PTSD,published up to 2020. The results were classified by psychiatric categories.   Ninety articles met our research criteria. A positive effect was reported in addictions, somatoformdisorders, sexual dysfunction, eating disorder, disorders of adult personality, mood disorders, reaction tosevere stress, anxiety disorders, performance anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), pain,neurodegenerative disorders, paedopsychiatry and sleep. The evidence was more consistent in pain, OCD,mood disorders, and reaction to severe stress.EMDR’s efficiency across numerous pathological situations, highlighted the central role of affectivememory in several psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, EMDR seems to besuccessful in usually uncooperative (e.g. Dementia) or unproductive cases (e.g. aphasia). Moreover, insome severe medical situations were psychologic distress was an obstacle, EMDR allowed thecontinuation of treatment-as-usual. Our review suggests that it is a safe and economical therapeuticoption, and its effect in non-pathological situations opens new avenues for translational research. Overallmore methodologically rigorous studies are needed.

Pupil with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Karolina Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
School Performance ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Pupil with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Over the past twenty years childhood OCD has received more attention than any other anxiety disorder that occurs in the childhood. The increasing interest and research in this area have led to increasing number of diagnoses of OCD in children and adolescents, which affects both specialists and teachers. Depending on the severity of symptoms OCD has a detrimental effect upon child's school performance, which can lead almost to the impossibility to concentrate on school and associated duties. This article is devoted to the obsessive-compulsive disorder and its specifics in children, focusing on the impact of this disorder on behaviour, experience and performance of the child in the school environment. It mentions how important is the role of the teacher in whose class the pupil with this diagnosis is and it points out that it is necessary to increase teachers' competence to identify children with OCD symptoms, to take the disease into the account, to adapt the course of teaching and to introduce such measures that could help children reduce the anxiety and maintain (or increase) the school performance within and in accordance with the school regulations and curriculum.

Assessing OCD Symptoms and Severity

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Dorfan ◽  
Sheila R. Woody
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews

This chapter describes methods and tools for assessing obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The chapter outlines the purposes of assessment and discusses special challenges presented by OCD, such as shame associated with socially unacceptable obsessional content. Several types of assessment tools are discussed, including structured diagnostic interviews, semistructured clinician interviews to assess OCD symptom profile and severity, self-report instruments, behavioral assessment and self-monitoring, assessment of appraisals and beliefs relevant to OCD, and functional impairment. The importance of linking assessment findings to an evidence-based treatment plan is discussed.

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