scholarly journals Investigating the Relationships of P3b with Negative Symptoms and Neurocognition in Subjects with Chronic Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1632
Author(s):  
Giulia M. Giordano ◽  
Andrea Perrottelli ◽  
Armida Mucci ◽  
Giorgio Di Lorenzo ◽  
Mario Altamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Attention To Task ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Neurocognitive deficits and negative symptoms (NS) have a pivotal role in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ) due to their impact on patients’ functioning in everyday life and their influence on goal-directed behavior and decision-making. P3b is considered an optimal electrophysiological candidate biomarker of neurocognitive impairment for its association with the allocation of attentional resources to task-relevant stimuli, an important factor for efficient decision-making, as well as for motivation-related processes. Furthermore, associations between P3b deficits and NS have been reported. The current research aims to fill the lack of studies investigating, in the same subjects, the associations of P3b with multiple cognitive domains and the expressive and motivation-related domains of NS, evaluated with state-of-the-art instruments. One hundred and fourteen SCZ and 63 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. P3b amplitude was significantly reduced and P3b latency prolonged in SCZ as compared to HCs. In SCZ, a positive correlation was found between P3b latency and age and between P3b amplitude and the Attention-vigilance domain, while no significant correlations were found between P3b and the two NS domains. Our results indicate that the effortful allocation of attention to task-relevant stimuli, an important component of decision-making, is compromised in SCZ, independently of motivation deficits or other NS.

Theory of mind in the early course of schizophrenia: stability, symptom and neurocognitive correlates, and relationship with functioning

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2031-2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ventura ◽  
A. Ered ◽  
D. Gretchen-Doorly ◽  
K. L. Subotnik ◽  
W. P. Horan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Role Functioning ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Early Course ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundNumerous studies have reported links between theory of mind (ToM) deficits, neurocognition and negative symptoms with functional outcome in chronic schizophrenia patients. Although the ToM deficit has been observed in first-episode patients, fewer studies have addressed ToM as a possible trait marker, neurocognitive and symptom correlations longitudinally, and associations with later functioning.MethodRecent-onset schizophrenia patients (n = 77) were assessed at baseline after reaching medication stabilization, and again at 6 months (n = 48). Healthy controls (n = 21) were screened, and demographically comparable with the patients. ToM was assessed with a Social Animations Task (SAT), in which the participants’ descriptions of scenes depicting abstract visual stimuli ‘interacting’ in three conditions (ToM, goal directed and random) were rated for degree of intentionality attributed to the figures and for appropriateness. Neurocognition, symptoms and role functioning were also assessed.ResultsOn the SAT, patients had lower scores than controls for both intentionality (p < 0.01) and appropriateness (p < 0.01) during the ToM condition, at baseline and 6 months. The ToM deficit was stable and present even in remitted patients. Analyses at baseline and 6 months indicated that for patients, ToM intentionality and appropriateness were significantly correlated with neurocognition, negative symptoms and role functioning. The relationship between ToM and role functioning was mediated by negative symptoms.ConclusionsThe ToM deficit was found in recent-onset schizophrenia patients and appears to be moderately trait-like. ToM is also moderately correlated with neurocognition, negative and positive symptoms, and role functioning. ToM appears to influence negative symptoms which in turn makes an impact on role functioning.

scholarly journals The Cognitive Model of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Hierarchical Component Model With PLS-SEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ebrahimi ◽  
Hamid Poursharifi ◽  
Behrooz Dolatshahi ◽  
Omid Rezaee ◽  
Hamid Reza Hassanabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Hierarchical Component Model ◽  
The Relationship

The cognitive model of negative symptoms suggests that some dysfunctional beliefs mediate the relationship between neurocognitive deficits and negative symptoms and disability. This study tested the hypothesis that dysfunctional performance beliefs mediate neurocognitive deficits, negative symptoms, and disability. We used a hierarchal component model with 85 men patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia. Results showed a moderate to strong correlation between dysfunctional performance beliefs, neurocognitive deficits, negative symptoms, and disability. These results support the Hierarchal component model (HCM) of the cognitive model of negative symptoms. Our results indicated that the disability in schizophrenia is mediated through dysfunctional performance beliefs, neurocognitive deficits, and negative symptoms pathway. Further, dysfunctional performance beliefs have a crucial role in this pathway. Therefore, targeting this vicious cycle of dysfunctional beliefs can improve disability in patients with schizophrenia.

Association of deficits in smell identification, social and basic cognition in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, their first-degree relatives and matched healthy controls

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1458-1458
Author(s):  
N. Mossaheb ◽  
M. Schloegelhofer ◽  
R.M. Kaufmann ◽  
T. Aninilkumparambil ◽  
A. Gold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Female Age ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Smell Identification

IntroductionAssociations between smell identification deficits (SID) and impairments in basic cognitive domains have been shown in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.ObjectivesWe analyzed social and basic cognitive deficits and SID.AimsTo assess differences in affective decision making tasks in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, their 1st degree relatives and healthy controls. Methods: We examined 51 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (49% female, age 33.1 years, SD 11), 21 first-degree relatives (61.9% female, age 49.5 years, SD 17.6, one affected, others non-affected) and 51 matched healthy controls (49% female, age 33 years, SD 12.1). Psychopathology was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Subjects were administered the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), the Facially Expressed Emotion Labelling (FEEL) test, the spatial span subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) and the Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz Test (MWT-B).ResultsPatients, controls and 1st degree relatives differed in age (p = 0.000), WMS-R (p = 0.000) and FEEL scores (p = 0.007). In healthy controls, patients and 1st degree relatives FEEL correlated with age (p = 0.005, p = 0.003, p = 0.004, respectively). In patients FEEL also correlated with MWT-B (p = 0.000), UPSIT (p = 0.000) and PANSS negative scores (p = 0.016); furthermore, UPSIT correlated with MWT-B (p = 0.001). In 1st degree relatives age correlated with WMS-R (p = 0.04) and FEEL (p = 0.004), both of which inter-correlated (p = 0.006).ConclusionWe found that SID, basic and social cognition, i.e. affective decision-making processes, inter-correlate in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and are partly under the influence of negative symptoms. Some of these relationships can also be seen in 1st degree relatives of patients.

scholarly journals The Impact of Negative Symptoms and Neurocognition on Functioning in MDD and Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Feng Quek ◽  
Zixu Yang ◽  
Justin Dauwels ◽  
Jimmy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Negative symptoms, neurocognitive deficits and functional impairment are prevalent in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, unlike neurocognitive deficits, little is known about the role of negative symptoms toward functioning in individuals with MDD. On the other hand, both factors are well-studied in individuals with SCZ. Thus, this study aimed to examine the contributions of negative symptoms and neurocognitive impairments in functioning in individuals with MDD, compared to individuals with SCZ.Methods: Participants included 50 individuals with MDD, 49 individuals with SCZ and 49 healthy controls. The following measures were administered—Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA-16), Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and MIRECC-Global Assessment of Functioning (MIRECC-GAF) to evaluate negative symptoms, neurocognition, depressive symptoms, and functioning respectively.Results: Both MDD and SCZ groups had significantly more severe negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, and poorer functioning than healthy controls. Individuals with SCZ performed significantly poorer on the BACS than the other two groups. Both negative symptoms and neurocognition were significantly correlated with social and occupational functioning in SCZ. Motivation subdomain of the negative symptoms was significantly correlated with occupational functioning, while depressive symptoms correlated with functioning in MDD.Conclusion: Both negative symptoms and neurocognitive deficits appear to play differential roles on individual domains of functioning between MDD and SCZ. Future longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes should be done for a better understanding about the associations between the factors and functioning.

Cognitive functioning in ADHD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Coghill ◽  
Maggie Toplak ◽  
Sinead Rhodes ◽  
Nicoletta Adamo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Duration Discrimination ◽  
Motor Timing ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Cognitive Domains

Inhibition, memory, temporal discounting, decision-making, timing, and intraindividual variability in reaction time have emerged as key cognitive domains for understanding neurocognitive deficits in individuals with ADHD. In the domain of inhibition, motor inhibition has been studied most extensively, with deficits demonstrated in both restraint and cancellation. Working memory difficulties have been identified using a broad range of tasks. Decision-making has been less well studied, but risky decision-making and temporal discounting have displayed relatively consistent effects. Motor timing, duration discrimination, duration reproduction, and variability on all of these tasks have also been implicated in ADHD. From a clinical perspective, whilst ADHD is clearly associated with a broad range of neuropsychological deficits, there is considerable heterogeneity and none of these deficits is required or necessary for a diagnosis. However, neuropsychological measures may help define cognitive subgroups within ADHD and these may in turn be useful in predicting course, outcome, and treatment response.

scholarly journals S79. REINFORCEMENT LEARNING ABNORMALITIES IN INDIVIDUALS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK AND IN THE FIRST EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S64
Author(s):  
Raktima Datta ◽  
Gregory Strauss ◽  
Nina Kraguljac ◽  
Sydney Howie ◽  
Adrienne Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Illness Onset

Abstract Background Prior studies indicate that chronic schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with a specific profile of reinforcement learning abnormalities. These impairments are characterized by: 1) reductions in learning rate, and 2) impaired Go learning and intact NoGo learning. Furthermore, each of these deficits are associated with greater severity of negative symptoms, consistent with theoretical perspectives positing that avolition and anhedonia are associated with deficits in generating, updating, and maintaining mental representations of reward value hat are needed to guide decision-making. However, it is unclear whether these deficits extend to earlier phases of psychotic illness and when individuals are unmedicated. Methods Two studies were conducted to examine reinforcement learning deficits in earlier phases of psychosis. In study 1, participants included 35 participants with first episode psychosis (FEP) and 25 healthy controls (HC). Study 2 included 17 antipsychotic naïve individuals who met criteria for attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) (i.e., those with a prodromal syndrome) and 18 matched healthy controls (HC). In both studies, participants completed the Temporal Utility Integration Task, a measure of probabilistic reinforcement learning that contained Go and NoGo learning blocks. Participants in the clinical groups also completed neuropsychological testing and standard clinical interviews designed to determine symptom severity and diagnosis. Results FEP displayed impaired Go learning and intact NoGo learning. In contrast, APS did not display impairments in Go or NoGo learning at the group level. Negative symptoms were not significantly associated with reinforcement learning in APS participants. However, greater impairments in Go learning were associated with increased cross-sectional risk for conversion on the NAPLS risk calculator score in the APS group. Discussion Findings provide new evidence for areas of spared and impaired reinforcement learning in early phases of psychosis. Similar to chronic SZ, FEP was associated with impaired Go learning, and intact NoGo learning. Reinforcement learning is more spared in those at clinical high-risk, except those at greatest risk for conversion, where Go learning deficits are more pronounced. These findings suggest that reinforcement learning deficits may emerge early among those who are at clinical high risk for developing psychosis and that they are already pronounced by illness onset in the first episode. Importantly, these reinforcement learning deficits do not appear to be a byproduct of illness chronicity or antipsychotic medication use, but rather a consequence of the illness itself.

scholarly journals Cognition in Recent Suicide Attempts: Altered Executive Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Fernández-Sevillano ◽  
Susana Alberich ◽  
Iñaki Zorrilla ◽  
Itxaso González-Ortega ◽  
María Purificación López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Patient Groups

Background: Neuropsychological alterations can lead to inaccurate perception, interpretation, and response to environmental information, which could be a risk factor for suicide.Methods: Ninety-six subjects were recruited from the Psychiatry Department of the Araba University Hospital—Santiago, including 20 patients with a recent attempt and diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) according to DSM-V, 33 MDD patients with history of attempted suicide, 23 non-attempter MDD patients, and 20 healthy controls. All participants underwent a clinical interview and neuropsychological assessment on the following cognitive domains: working memory, processing speed, decision-making, executive function, and attention. Backward multiple regressions were performed adjusting for significant confounding variables. For group comparisons, ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were performed with a p &lt; 0.05 significance level.Results: The patient groups did not differ regarding severity of depression and stressful events in the last 6 months. In comparison to healthy controls, depressed patients with lifetime suicide attempts had more general trauma (p = 0.003), emotional abuse (p = 0.003), emotional negligence (p = 0.006), and physical negligence (p = 0.009), and depressed patients with recent suicide attempts had experienced more child sexual abuse (p = 0.038). Regarding neuropsychological assessment, all patient groups performed significantly worse than did healthy controls in processing speed, decision-making, and attention. Comparisons between patient groups indicated that recent suicide attempters had poorer performance on executive function in comparison to both depressed lifetime attempters and depressed non-attempters (B = 0.296, p = 0.019, and B = 0.301, p = 0.028, respectively). Besides, women with recent attempts had slightly better scores on executive function than males. Regarding the rest of the cognitive domains, there were no significant differences between groups.Conclusion: Executive function performance is altered in recent suicide attempts. As impaired executive function can be risk factor for suicide, preventive interventions on suicide should focus on its assessment and rehabilitation.

Meta-analysis of neurocognitive deficits in unaffected relatives of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): comparison with healthy controls and patients with OCD

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1257-1266
Author(s):  
Emre Bora
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AbstractBackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with cognitive deficits, particularly with executive functions. These findings support fronto-striatal dysfunction in OCD. However, it is not certain whether these findings are trait features of OCD. In recent years, a number of studies have investigated cognitive functions in unaffected relatives of OCD (OCDrel) but the findings of these studies are contradictory.MethodsA systematic review in Pubmed and Scopus databases was performed until 18 March 2019, to locate the studies comparing cognitive functions of OCDrel with healthy controls and OCD patients (OCDpt). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.ResultsCurrent meta-analysis included 16 studies including 527 OCDrel, 445 OCDpt and 639 healthy controls. Healthy controls overperformed OCDpt in all cognitive domains (d = 0.36–0.86). OCDrel underperformed healthy controls in inhibition (d = 0.58, CI = 0.29–0.86), planning (d = 0.45, CI = 0.28–0.63), decision-making (d = 0.58, CI = 0.19–0.98). OCDrel also had small-sized deficits in set-shifting (d = 0.37, CI = 0.04–0.69) and visual memory (d = 0.28, CI = 0.08–0.49). OCDpt underperformed OCDrel in visual memory (d = 0.45, CI = 0.22–0.67) and set-shifting (d = 0.23, CI = 0.04–0.42).ConclusionsCurrent findings suggest that abnormalities in inhibition, planning/problem solving and reward-based decision-making are shared features of OCDrel and OCDpt and might be trait markers related to vulnerability for developing OCD. Visual memory and set-shifting deficits might potentially be biomarkers of incipient illness or subthreshold OCD presentation among OCDrel. Further exploration of cognitive heterogeneity in OCDrel and investigating the effects of the subtypes of OCD in probands on cognitive impairment in OCDrel are needed.

scholarly journals M137. HIGH CONFIDENCE FOR VISUOMOTOR ACTION RECRUITS THE VENTRAL STRIATUM – A METACOGNITIVE APPROACH FOR UNDERSTANDING NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS?

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S187-S188
Author(s):  
Indrit Bègue ◽  
Michael Pereira ◽  
Yann Cojan ◽  
Stefan Kaiser ◽  
Patrik Vuilleumier
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
First Order ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Abstract Background Metacognition refers to the ability to discriminate between one’s own correct and incorrect decisions, thus representing a key function for goal-oriented behavior. The neurobiological underpinnings of metacognition have mainly been studied in perceptual decision-making and memory-related processes; therefore, mechanisms and neural correlates underlying metacognitive processes during visuomotor actions are still poorly characterized and the specific role of confidence remains to be elucidated. This is of particular interest as deficits in goal-directed behavior and insight both are a hallmark of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Methods We examined 31 healthy controls who were asked to draw straight reaching trajectories towards a visual target, while measuring their brain activity with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Deviations were introduced in 70% of the trajectories seen on the screen. Participants then reported awareness of deviations (first-order), followed by (second-order) confidence in their response. The amount of deviation was titrated to reach a 71% average detection rate using an adaptive staircase procedure. Metacognition was measured using the M-Ratio, which estimates the ratio of first-order information available for confidence computation (Maniscalco & Lau, 2012). Whole brain activity was analyzed via a parametric general linear model (GLM). Results Participants showed good metacognitive abilities at evaluating the correctness of their first-order responses (M-Ratio: 0.98±0.25). Movements were decomposed into two phases based on peaks in the variance of the trajectory deviation and actual joystick position. We found that confidence ratings after deviated trials were explained by a combination of the trajectory deviation in the initial phase (p=0.006; linear mixed model) and the amount of motor correction in the final phase of the movement (p&lt;0.001). At the neural level, as expected, conscious detection of deviation engages strongly the visual cortex, whereas higher visuomotor corrections engage primarily the primary motor cortex. Importantly, we show that high confidence specifically recruits the ventral striatum bilaterally (p&lt;0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons), suggesting a role for confidence in motivating action. Discussion Taken together, these results show for the first time in healthy controls that confidence for visuomotor action strongly engages motivational regions in line with a key role of metacognition in goal directed behavior and accurate insight into self-performed actions. These results in healthy controls are currently being tested in a cohort of schizophrenia patients and our hypothesis is that patients with higher level of apathy will display lower metacognitive confidence and lower ventral striatum activity

scholarly journals Increased plasma leptin as a novel predictor for psychopathological depressive symptoms in chronic schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. e100018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjie Xu ◽  
Yumei Jiao ◽  
Mengjuan Xing ◽  
Yezhe Lin ◽  
Yousong Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Negative Syndrome

BackgroundDepressive symptoms are often seen in schizophrenia. The overlap in presentation makes it difficult to distinguish depressive symptoms from the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The adipokine leptin was found to be altered in both depression and schizophrenia. There are few studies focusing on the prediction of leptin in diagnosis and evaluation of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.ObjectiveAimsTo assess the plasma leptin level in patients with schizophrenia and its relationships with depressive symptoms.MethodsCross-sectional studies were applied to (1) compare the levels of plasma leptin between schizophrenia (n=74) and healthy controls (n=50); and (2) investigate the relationship between plasma leptin levels and depressive subscores.Results(1) Plasma leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls. (2) Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between leptin levels and the depressed factor scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). (3) Stepwise multiple regression analyses identified leptin as an influencing factor for depressed factor score on PANSS.ConclusionLeptin may serve as a predictor for the depressive symptoms of chronic schizophrenia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document