scholarly journals Enhanced Seismic Retrofit of a Reinforced Concrete Building of Architectural Interest

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Gloria Terenzi ◽  
Elena Fuso ◽  
Stefano Sorace ◽  
Iacopo Costoli
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Time History ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Curtain Wall ◽  
Safe Stress ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Stress States

Modern heritage buildings designed in the 1950s and 1960s often feature poor seismic performance capacities and may require significant retrofit interventions. A representative case study in Florence, i.e., the edifice housing the Automobile Club Headquarters, is examined here. The building was designed in 1959 with an articulated reinforced concrete structure and presents some enterprising solutions for the time, including suspended floors accommodating large glazed curtain wall façades in the main halls. The original design documentation was collected with accurate record research and checked with detailed on-site surveys. Based on the information gained on the structural system by this preliminary investigation, a time-history assessment analysis was carried out. Remarkable strength deficiencies in most members and severe pounding conditions between the two constituting wings, which are separated by a narrow technical gap, were found. As a result, a base isolation retrofit hypothesis is proposed in order to improve the seismic response capacities of the building without altering its elegant architectural appearance, being characterized by large free internal spaces and well-balanced proportions of the main structural members. A substantial performance improvement is obtained thanks to this rehabilitation strategy, as assessed by the achievement of non-pounding response conditions and safe stress states for all members up to the maximum considered normative earthquake level. Furthermore, the very low peak inter-storey drifts evaluated in retrofitted conditions help in preventing damage to the glazed façades and the remaining drift-sensitive non-structural components.

Seismic Analysis and Displacement-Based Evaluation of the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, New York

2003 ◽  
Vol 1845 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-225
Author(s):  
Robert A. Dameron ◽  
Serafim G. Arzoumanidis ◽  
Steven W. Bennett ◽  
Ayaz Malik
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Pushover Analysis ◽  
Time History ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Displacement Based

The Brooklyn–Queens Expressway (BQE), Interstate 278 between Atlantic Avenue and Washington Street in Kings County, is an approximately 1,500-m-long multiple-level highway reinforced concrete structure that was built in 1948. It is an important transportation link in the New York City metropolitan area and serves a daily traffic volume of 122,000 vehicles. The longest portion of the BQE consists of elevated one-, two-, and three-level cantilever structures. They are built into the hillside of Brooklyn Heights in successive levels, set back to provide light and air to three lanes of traffic in each direction. They have a unique configuration consisting of rigid frames supporting the roadways with long cantilevers, serving also as retaining walls supporting the hillside beneath adjacent brick buildings. The reinforced concrete portions of the BQE were modeled with finite elements that explicitly represented the concrete and reinforcement and used nonlinear material models. The displacement performance was determined in cyclic pushover analysis that predicted concrete cracking and reinforcing bar yielding. This performance was compared with recently developed displacement performance criteria to establish displacement capacities. The displacement demands were determined by time history analyses using nonlinear models. The methods and criteria that were used for evaluation of the BQE structures are described, and conclusions that may be applicable to future seismic evaluations using the displacement-based approach are provided. Other project challenges are also discussed, including the seismic effects of adjacent buildings and subway tunnels.

scholarly journals The Effect of Horizontal Vulnerability on the Stiffness Level of Reinforced Concrete Structure on High-Rise Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Fanny Monika ◽  
Berkat Cipta Zega ◽  
Hakas Prayuda ◽  
Martyana Dwi Cahyati ◽  
Yanuar Ade Putra
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Time History ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Building Model ◽  
High Rise

Buildings have an essential function; they are a place for people to carry out various activities, such as social, economic, and religious activities. In a building construction plan, considering multiple factors from strength to architecture is necessary. The issue of limited land in some areas has resulted in the construction of vertical buildings, often known as high-rise buildings. High-rise building construction requires paying attention to various levels of vulnerabilities, especially for projects in earthquake-prone areas. In this study, the levels of vulnerability and vertical irregularity of high-rise buildings were analyzed based on structural rigidity for reinforced concrete structures. Building models including a cube-shaped model, L-shaped model, and U-shaped model were investigated. The STERA 3D program was used to determine the strength values of the structures by providing earthquake loads on each structure model using the time-history analysis method. The El Centro and Kobe earthquakes were tested in these structural models because the earthquakes are known to contribute the most exceptional damage value in the history of earthquake-caused disasters. The assessed parameters of the tested structural models include structural stiffness, the most significant displacement in the structure, the maximum displacement and load relations experienced by the construction, and the hysteretic energy exhibited by the structure. Therefore, the best performed structural model in resisting the load could be obtained. The results showed that the U-shaped building model had the highest stiffness value with an increase in stiffness of 7.43% compared with the cube-shaped building model and 3.01% compared with the L-shaped building model.

Seismic Isolation of Buildings Subjected to Typical Subduction Earthquake Motions for the Mexican Pacific Coast

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Tena-Colunga ◽  
Consuleo Gómez-Soberón ◽  
Abel Mun~oz-Loustaunau
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Time History ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Isolation Systems

An analytical study on the application of different base isolation systems for original design or retrofit of typical building structures of the Mexican Pacific Coast is presented. The subject hypothetical buildings are located on hard soil conditions at Acapulco. Typical accelerograms for the Mexican subduction zone recorded during recent earthquakes were used for 3-D time-history analyses. Bidirectional input was used for the time-history analyses. The studied base isolation systems reported in this study are lead-rubber bearings (LRB) and steel-hysteretic dampers (SHD). For the original design case studies, the superstructures were designed: a) according to the seismic provisions of the building code of Guerrero state (RCGS-90) for the fixed-base condition and, b) according to an elastic design based upon a 3-D lateral force distribution consistent with dominant mode shapes for the isolated structure to yield the peak dynamic base shear transmitted by the isolation system. Material volumes for the superstructure were estimated for both the fixed-base code designs and the base-isolation designs. Important savings on the volume of concrete and steel reinforcement can be attained for the base isolated designs with respect to their counterpart fixed-base designs. Dynamic responses for the isolated structures compare favorably with those for the fixed-base structures. The study confirms many findings published in the literature regarding the effectiveness of base isolation and the effect of torsional responses. However, the study also shows that the dynamic stability of isolators is not always achieved using rational design procedures. The dynamic stability and design of the studied base isolators can be controlled by acceleration records associated to moderate earthquakes when these records are near the fault plane and by torsional responses.

scholarly journals Integrated Solution-Base Isolation and Repositioning-for the Seismic Rehabilitation of a Preserved Strategic Building

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Marco Vailati ◽  
Giorgio Monti ◽  
Vincenzo Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Seismic Rehabilitation ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
New Research

This paper deals with the design of the seismic rehabilitation of a case-study building located in Florence, Italy. The particular reinforced concrete building hosts an important operational center of the main company that manages the Italian highway network. It is composed of the juxtaposition of three reinforced concrete edifices standing out from a common basement. The design of the interventions for the seismic rehabilitation of this case study posed different challenges, some even in contrast with each other. The main design challenge was to reach the seismic retrofitting, due to the strategic role of the activities hosted herein, safeguarding as much as possible the peculiarity of the architectural elements. Moreover, the design was made harder by the presence of existing thermal joints between adjacent edifices which were inadequate to prevent the latter from pounding upon each other during an earthquake. This outcome yielded the need to intervene by enlarging the gap between the adjacent buildings. This latter intervention was in stark contrast with the explicit request of the client to bring the least possible disturbance to the strategic activities carried out within it; in fact, the joints are crossed by optical fibers and other technological systems which can be damaged easily. The need to fulfill all these design constraints brought the development of an original design strategy based on the employment of base-isolation in a rather unusual configuration. The details of the design procedure, along with the innovative aspects and the designed devices, are presented. With the objective to refine the adopted strategy in view of its possible repeatability by colleague engineers, the paper also presents a fair discussion of every aspect with regards to both the design and the realization phases. Possible ideas for new research and developments are also highlighted.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SHEAR WALLS ON A TYPICAL FOUR-STORY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO SEVERE EARTHQUAKE EVENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-795
Author(s):  
Nader Zad ◽  
Hani Melhem
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Time History ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Structural Resistance ◽  
Study Results

Various seismic-resistant design methods are used to ensure the stability of multi-story buildings against lateral forces caused by earthquakes. Utilization of reinforced concrete shear walls is one of the most reliable methods of design and construction of earthquake-resistant buildings because it increases structural resistance to lateral loads and stiffens and strengthens the structure, thereby minimizing earthquake-induced damages. This paper investigates the beneficial effects of using shear walls in the structural design of a typical low-rise building to improve its resistance to earthquake events. To this end, a four-story reinforced concrete structure is modeled first without shear walls, then with the addition to shear walls. The 2002 Denali Alaska earthquake is used as an example of a severe seismic excitation because it is considered the most massive strike-slip earthquake in North America in almost 150 year. SAP2000 is used to perform the dynamic analysis. In order to obtain an accurate representation of the structure’s behavior, response modal nonlinear time-history dynamic analysis is utilized to analyze and compare the response of the building with and without shear walls. Study results showed that shear walls are very effective in achieving compliance with seismic design codes. In addition, the use of shear walls significantly reduces the shear stresses, bending moments, and displacements of the various members of the structure.

scholarly journals A “Non-Invasive” Technique for Qualifying the Reinforced Concrete Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Guida ◽  
Antonello Pagliuca ◽  
Alessandro Tranquillino Minerva
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Nondestructive Tests ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Heritage Buildings

In recent years, a lot of studies on built heritage emphasize the need to use appropriate techniques to evaluate the current condition of the structure before designing an intervention. The research focuses on the restoration of reinforced concrete buildings that begin to show signs of decay and deterioration. To verify the state of a building, it’s possible to use the “destructive” methods (that require a local removal of material) and “nondestructive” tests. The combined results from different “nondestructive” tests are very interesting instruments to assess the concrete strength. This methodological approach can help to reduce the possible errors when using the sclerometer and ultrasonic tests separately; in this way, the combined method called “SonReb” (SONic + REBound) was developed. This paper would highlight the importance with respect to cultural heritage buildings and on the studied structure and contribute to developed engineering strategies to maintenance and restoration. The above-defined methodology has been tested on a postwar building which is located in Gravina in Puglia (Italy): the “Centrone” theatre; it was built using a mixed structure, that is, reinforced concrete and bearing masonry built of local stone. The building was used until the 1990s and now is abandoned. The analysis and qualification of the masonry structures of built heritage show how this approach is useful for classifying the pathological events on each building and to implement the innovative solutions to improve the durability of a restoration intervention.

scholarly journals Performance of Moment Resisting RC Building Equipped with X-Plate Damper under Seismic and Blast Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2758-2762
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Time History ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
Rc Building ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Rc Frame Buildings ◽  
Dynamic Excitations

This study is an attempt to evaluate the effects of blast induced vibrations and seismic ground vibrations on reinforced concrete structure equipped with X-plate dampers and also to study the response of structure against blast and seismic vibration which can be reduced by employing protective systems such as dampers. Moment-resisting RC frame buildings were analysed to evaluate the structural responses under dynamic excitations. Non-linear Time-history analysis has been conducted on reinforced concrete structures. The ground accelerations were analytically determined and model was created in SAP2000.

scholarly journals Structural condition assessment of a reinforced concrete driveway

2019 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 10002
Author(s):  
Piotr Berkowski ◽  
Grzegorz Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Spread Footing ◽  
Structural Condition Assessment

The reinforced concrete structure of a driveway built in the eighties of the 20th century is under consideration. It is a single-storey structure with a length of approx. 66.00 m, made in the form of a reinforced concrete skeletal structure, consisting of 7 frames with cantilevers, spaced at 9.00 m: 3 frames in the horizontal part of the driveway are three-span ones, and 4 in the sloping part are single-span frames. The driveway frame main beams have a rectangular cross-section and are based on pillars that have been placed on the spread footing these elements form a monolithic structure. Prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow floor plates were laid on them in the central part of the driveway, and in the outer parts the driveway floor was made of hollow clay slab blocks (Ackerman type). At the time of investigation, the upper layers of the driveway consisted of a surface waterproofing layer, a concrete slab of approx. 10 cm thickness made on a 1 cm sand layer. However, no internal waterproofing layer was found as was in the original design. The paper describes the process of determining the current technical condition of the reinforced concrete driveway structure, paying attention to the design and construction of the object, its operation (including the issues of durability of concrete under the conditions of possible impacts of the marine environment). Static and strength calculations were also performed (supported by concrete and reinforcement tests) and the conditions for further operation of the driveway were analyzed as well as concepts of rehabilitation.

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