scholarly journals Exo-miRNAs as a New Tool for Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orazio Fortunato ◽  
Patrizia Gasparini ◽  
Mattia Boeri ◽  
Gabriella Sozzi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
Exosomal Mirna ◽  
Different Cell Types

Lung cancer is the predominant cause of cancer-related deaths. The high mortality rates are mainly due to the lack of diagnosis before the cancer is at a late stage. Liquid biopsy is a promising technique that could allow early diagnosis of lung cancer and better treatment selection for patients. Cell-free microRNAs have been detected in biological fluids, such as serum and plasma, and are considered interesting biomarkers for lung cancer screening and detection. Exosomes are nanovesicles of 30–150 nm and can be released by different cell types within the tumor microenvironment. Their exosomal composition reflects that of their parental cells and could be potentially useful as a biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in lung cancer, focusing on their potential use in clinical practice. Moreover, we describe the importance of exosomal miRNA cargo in lung cancer detection and their potential role during lung carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss our experience with the analysis of circulating exosomal miRNAs in the bioMILD screening trial.

scholarly journals Biomarkers and Lung Cancer Early Detection: State of the Art

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3919
Author(s):  
Elisa Dama ◽  
Tommaso Colangelo ◽  
Emanuela Fina ◽  
Marco Cremonesi ◽  
Marinos Kallikourdis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Early Detection ◽  
Monitoring Therapy ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer burden is increasing, with 2 million deaths/year worldwide. Current limitations in early detection impede lung cancer diagnosis when the disease is still localized and thus more curable by surgery or multimodality treatment. Liquid biopsy is emerging as an important tool for lung cancer early detection and for monitoring therapy response. Here, we reviewed recent advances in liquid biopsy for early diagnosis of lung cancer. We summarized DNA- or RNA-based biomarkers, proteins, autoantibodies circulating in the blood, as well as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and compared the most promising studies in terms of biomarkers prediction performance. While we observed an overall good performance for the proposed biomarkers, we noticed some critical aspects which may complicate the successful translation of these biomarkers into the clinical setting. We, therefore, proposed a roadmap for successful development of lung cancer biomarkers during the discovery, prioritization, and clinical validation phase. The integration of innovative minimally invasive biomarkers in screening programs is highly demanded to augment lung cancer early detection. 

scholarly journals 191TiP Accelerating lung cancer diagnosis through liquid biopsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. S801-S802
Author(s):  
M. García Pardo de Santayana ◽  
K. Czarnecka ◽  
T. Waddell ◽  
T. Stockley ◽  
J. Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis

scholarly journals Liquid biopsy in NSCLC: a new challenge in radiation therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annarita Perillo ◽  
Mohamed Vincenzo Agbaje Olufemi ◽  
Jacopo De Robbio ◽  
Rossella Margherita Mancuso ◽  
Anna Roscigno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Minimum Residual ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
Choice Of Therapy ◽  
Tumor Dna

Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. To date, tissue biopsy has been the gold standard for the diagnosis and the identification of specific molecular mutations, to guide choice of therapy. However, this procedure has several limitations. Liquid biopsy could represent a solution to the intrinsic limits of traditional biopsy. It can detect cancer markers such as circulating tumor DNA or RNA (ctDNA, ctRNA), and circulating tumor cells, in plasma, serum or other biological fluids. This procedure is minimally invasive, reproducible and can be used repeatedly. The main clinical applications of liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are the early diagnosis, stratification of the risk of relapse, identification of mutations to guide application of targeted therapy and the evaluation of the minimum residual disease. In this review, the current role of liquid biopsy and associated markers in the management of NSCLC patients was analyzed, with emphasis on ctDNA and CTCs, and radiotherapy.

An Automated Computer System Based on Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Systems for Lung Cancer Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abir Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
Rule System

AbstractAn automated system for the diagnosis of lung cancer is proposed in this paper, the system is designed by combining two major methodologies, namely the fuzzy base systems and the evolutionary genetic algorithms (GAs), to be employed on lung cancer data to assist physicians in the early detection of lung cancers, and hence obtain an early automated diagnosis complementary to that by physicians. Our hybrid algorithm, the genetic-fuzzy algorithm, has produced optimized diagnosis systems that attain high classification performance, in fact, our best six rule system obtained a 97.5 % accuracy, with simple and well interpretive rules, with 93 % degree of confidence, and without the need for dimensionality reduction. The results on real data indicate that the proposed system is very effective in the diagnosis of lung cancer and can be used for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Somatic substitution signature as an innovative tool in lung cancer diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Busca ◽  
Julia Salleron ◽  
Romain Boidot ◽  
Jean-Louis Merlin ◽  
Alexandre Harlé
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Abstract Diagnosis of lung cancer can sometimes be challenging and is of major interest since effective molecular-guided therapies are available. Compounds of tobacco smoke may generate a specific substitutional signature in lung, which is the most exposed organ. To predict whether a tumor is of lung origin or not, we developed and validated the EASILUNG (Exome And SIgnature LUNG) test based on the relative frequencies of somatic substitutions on coding non-transcribed DNA strands from whole-exome sequenced tumors. Data from 7,796 frozen tumor samples (prior to any treatment) from 32 TCGA solid cancer groups were used for its development. External validation was carried out on a local dataset of 196 consecutive routine exome results. Eight out of the 12 classes of substitutions were required to compute the EASILUNG signature that demonstrated good calibration and good discriminative power with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 72% after recalibration on the external validation dataset. This innovative test may be helpful in medical decision-making in patients with unknown primary tumors potentially of lung origin and in the diagnosis of lung cancer in smokers.

scholarly journals Considering Patients’ Mental Capacity When Giving Them Bad News May Help Their Well-Being: A Case of Suicide Attempt after Being Informed of Lung Cancer Diagnosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Satoshi Kato ◽  
Mitsuo Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
Mental Well Being

Mental capacity is a central determinant of patients’ ability to make autonomous decisions about their care and deal with bad news. Physicians should be cognizant of this when giving patients bad news in efforts to help them to cope with the illness and to avoid a deterioration of their mental well-being. To show the importance of this concept, a case of suicide attempt with lung cancer is exemplified. A 76-year-old woman attempted suicide after receiving a diagnosis of lung cancer. Her recent life had been emotionally turbulent and she did not have sufficient mental capacity to accept and cope with this truth. She developed depression before attempting suicide.

Improving lung cancer diagnosis at a large urban minority-based medical center: Where can we do better?

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18017-e18017
Author(s):  
Christopher Su ◽  
Vincent Chau ◽  
Amit Bhargava ◽  
Chirag D Shah ◽  
Nitin Ohri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Per Capita

e18017 Background: Lung cancer diagnosis is a complex process with barriers to care which are more apparent in underserved communities. We examined factors affecting lung cancer diagnosis in an underserved urban community, including demographics, lung cancer screening, and survival outcomes. Methods: All new lung cancer diagnoses with confirmed pathology at an urban academic medical center in 2015 were identified. Retrospective chart review was conducted and time from initial abnormal imaging to tissue sampling was calculated. Analyses were performed with χ2, ANOVA, linear regression, and log-rank tests. Results: In 2015, 229 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer. 36 patients (16%) expired or were referred to hospice due to clinical deterioration without treatment. 162 patients (71%) were ultimately started on therapy. Patients were predominantly Black (38%), Hispanic (30%), underserved (mean per capita income $21729), and enrolled in Medicare or Medicaid (83%). Only 62% of the patients had a PCP at time of diagnosis. Most presented at an advanced stage (63% III or IV) and 88% were former/current smokers. 78 patients (48%) were eligible for low-dose CT screening but only 9 (12%) completed screening. Screening completion was correlated with established PCP (p = 0.012). Time from abnormal imaging to biopsy was 31±40 days without significant difference across age, gender, race, ethnicity, income, insurance, and primary language. Cancers diagnosed in the inpatient vs. outpatient setting were found at a more advanced stage (p = 0.002) and had lower survival (p < 0.001). Hispanics had better survival (p = 0.008) despite lower per capita income and higher incidence of smoking. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in imaging to biopsy time across major demographic factors and they are unlikely to be a source of poor outcomes. However, the advanced stage and poor prognosis of cancers detected in the inpatient setting, proportion of patients who expired or were referred to hospice immediately after presentation, and disparity between screening eligible and completed patients underscores the critical importance of increasing lung cancer screening and establishment of primary care.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE MOST MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG CANCER

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
I. О. Vynnychenko ◽  
Yu. V. Moskalenko ◽  
O. І. Vynnychenko ◽  
M. Yu. Serdyuk ◽  
O. А. Ternovenko
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Current State ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Screening Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is one of the major causes of death from malignancies. That is why the article devoted to the issue early diagnosis of lung cancer. The objective of the work is to consider the features and prospects of using the most modern methods of diagnosis of lung cancer. The introduction of the latest technologies is essential for quality screening of lung cancer patients. Gradually, there is a growing interest in developing strategies around the world to better assess the risk of human lung cancer, increase screening sensitivity, and reduce costs. The methods of early detection of lung cancer are described in the article: determination of the concentration of volatile organic compounds (LuCID method), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS method), FISH-marker method, basic principles of the Nano-Nose device. Despite some advances in our country in the diagnosis of lung cancer using common advanced methods of computed tomography and biopsy, the introduction of foreign experience in lung cancer screening is necessary, because the current state-of-the-art methods of diagnosis allow to detect cancer.

scholarly journals Exosomes and the role of exosomal miRNA in the diagnosis of lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
R.I. Bersimbaev ◽  
◽  
O.V. Bulgakova ◽  
A.A. Aripova ◽  
A.Zh. Kausbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Almost All

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cell types that can function as a cell-to-cell carrier of information, providing pleiotropic functions in intercellular communication. Exosomes can transport various biomolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids, into recipient cells. The review analyzed the current data on the role of exosomes and the possibility of using exosomal microRNAs as a biomarker in the diagnosis of lung cancer. MicroRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, so they can regulate the expression of genes that play an important role in oncogenesis. At the moment, microRNAs of exosomes are one of the main candidates for the role of molecular markers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis of oncological diseases. The review analyzes the diagnostic potential of the use of exosomes in carcinogenesis in general, with an emphasis on the use of exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers of lung cancer.

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