scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer and Probiotics: Are Bugs Really Drugs?

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purushottam Lamichhane ◽  
Morgan Maiolini ◽  
Omar Alnafoosi ◽  
Sedra Hussein ◽  
Hasan Alnafoosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Responses

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. There are many factors that predispose a patient to the disease such as age, family history, ethnicity, and lifestyle. There are different genetic factors and diseases that also increase a person’s risk for developing CRC. Studies have found associations between gut microbiome and the risk for developing versus protection against CRC. Normal gut microbiome aid in daily functions of the human body such as absorption, metabolism, detoxification, and regulation of inflammation. While some species of bacteria prevent CRC development and aid in therapeutic responses to various treatment regiments, other species seem to promote CRC pathogenesis. In this regard, many studies have been conducted to not only understand the biology behind these opposing different bacterial species; but also to determine if supplementation of these tumor opposing bacterial species as probiotics lends toward decreased risk of CRC development and improved therapeutic responses in patients with CRC. In this literature review, we aim to discuss the basics on colorectal cancer (epidemiology, risk factors, targets, treatments), discuss associations between different bacterial strains and CRC, and discuss probiotics and their roles in CRC prevention and treatment.

Patients’ Awareness Of The Prevention And Treatment Of Colorectal Cancer*

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Dziki ◽  
Anna Puła ◽  
Konrad Stawiski ◽  
Barbara Mudza ◽  
Marcin Włodarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Case Record ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Medical University

Abstractwas to assess patients’ awareness of the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, hospitalised at the Department of General and Colorectal Surgery of the Medical University in Łódź during the period from January 2015 to April 2015, were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their families’ medical case record, factors predisposing them to the development of colorectal cancer, the tests applied in diagnostics, and the treatment process. The questionnaire comprised 42 closed-ended questions with one correct answer. A statistical analysis of all answers was carried out.The study group consisted of 30 men and 20 women aged 27–94 years old. A strong, statistically significant negative correlation between a patient’s age and his/her awareness of the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer was noted (p<0.001; r= −0.51). The study demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the occurrence of neoplasms in a patient’s family (p=0.009) or, more specifically, the occurrence of colorectal cancer (p=0.008), and the awareness of the prevention programme. The women’s group was characterised by statistically significantly greater awareness of colonoscopy as a screening examination (p=0.004).Patients need more information on colorectal cancer, its risk factors, prevention, the treatment process, and postoperative care. Lack of awareness of the colorectal cancer issue can be one of the major factors contributing to the high incidence of this disease.

scholarly journals Association of Flavonifractor plautii, a Flavonoid-Degrading Bacterium, with the Gut Microbiome of Colorectal Cancer Patients in India

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Gupta ◽  
Darshan B. Dhakan ◽  
Abhijit Maji ◽  
Rituja Saxena ◽  
Vishnu Prasoodanan P.K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Degrading Bacterium

ABSTRACT Recently, dysbiosis in the human gut microbiome and shifts in the relative abundances of several bacterial species have been recognized as important factors in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, these studies have been carried out mainly in developed countries where CRC has a high incidence, and it is unclear whether the host-microbiome relationships deduced from these studies can be generalized to the global population. To test if the documented associations between the microbiome and CRC are conserved in a distinct context, we performed metagenomic and metabolomic association studies on fecal samples from 30 CRC patients and 30 healthy controls from two different locations in India, followed by a comparison of CRC data available from other populations. We confirmed the association of Bacteroides and other bacterial taxa with CRC that have been previously reported in other studies. However, the association of CRC with Flavonifractor plautii in Indian patients emerged as a novel finding. The plausible role of F. plautii appears to be linked with the degradation of beneficial anticarcinogenic flavonoids, which was also found to be significantly correlated with the enzymes and modules involved in flavonoid degradation within Indian CRC samples. Thus, we hypothesize that the degradation of beneficial flavonoids might be playing a role in cancer progression within this Indian cohort. We also identified 20 potential microbial taxonomic markers and 33 potential microbial gene markers that discriminate the Indian CRC from healthy microbiomes with high accuracy based on machine learning approaches. IMPORTANCE This study provides novel insights on the CRC-associated microbiome of a unique cohort in India, reveals the potential role of a new bacterium in CRC, and identifies cohort-specific biomarkers, which can potentially be used in noninvasive diagnosis of CRC. The study gains additional significance, as India is among the countries with a very low incidence of CRC, and the diet and lifestyle in India have been associated with a distinct gut microbiome in healthy Indians compared to other global populations. Thus, in this study, we hypothesize a unique relationship between CRC and the gut microbiome in an Indian population.

scholarly journals Risk factors for colorectal cancer in subjects with family history of the disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Fernandez ◽  
C La Vecchia ◽  
B D'Avanzo ◽  
E Negri ◽  
S Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Alkaliphilus flagellata sp. nov., Butyricicoccus intestinisimiae sp. nov., Clostridium mobile sp. nov., Clostridium simiarum sp. nov., Dysosmobacter acutus sp. nov., Paenibacillus brevis sp. nov., Peptoniphilus ovalis sp. nov., and Tissierella simiarum sp. nov., isolated from monkey feces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Hua Li ◽  
Rexiding Abuduaini ◽  
Meng-Xuan Du ◽  
Yu-Jing Wang ◽  
Hong-He Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys

AbstractNon-human primates harbor diverse microbiomes in their guts. As a part of China Microbiome Initiatives, we cultivated and characterized the gut microbiome of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). In this report, we communicate the characterization and taxonomy of 8 bacterial strains that were obtained from fecal samples of captive cynomolgus monkeys. The results revealed that they represented 8 novel bacterial species. The proposed names of the 8 novel species are Alkaliphilus flagellate (type strain MSJ-5T =CGMCC 1.45007T=KCTC 15974T), Butyricicoccus intestinisimiae MSJd-7T (type strain MSJd-7T =CGMCC 1.45013T =KCTC 25112T), Clostridium mobile (type strain MSJ-11T =CGMCC 1.45009T=KCTC 25065T), Clostridium simiarum (type strain MSJ-4T =CGMCC 1.45006T =KCTC 15975T), Dysosmobacter acutus (type strain MSJ-2T =CGMCC 1.32896T=KCTC 15976T), Paenibacillus brevis MSJ-6T (type strain MSJ-6T =CGMCC 1.45008T=KCTC 15973T), Peptoniphilus ovalis (type strain MSJ-1T =CGMCC 1.31770T=KCTC 15977T), and Tissierella simiarum (type strain MSJ-40T =CGMCC 1.45012T=KCTC 25071T).

scholarly journals Profile of Hypospadias Cases in Central Java, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ziske Maritska ◽  
Ardy Santosa ◽  
Mahayu Dewi Ariani ◽  
Achmad Zulfa Juniarto ◽  
Sultana MH Faradz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Birth Characteristics ◽  
History Of

Background: Hypospadia is believed to be a multifactorial disease.  The risk factors that may induce the formation of hypospadias are environmental factors, endocrine disruptors, and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to describe the profile of hypospadias patients who visited the Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.Methods: This study is an observational study, using patients’ medical record in CEBIOR from 2010 to 2012. The hypospadias cases were classified into syndromic, isolated and severe hypospadias based on their phenotype. The history of pregnancy, birth characteristics, and family history of the patients were described.Results: There were 120 cases of hypospadias, consisted of 48.33% severe hypospadias, 41.67% mild isolated hypospadias and 10% syndromic hypospadias. There were 38.33% hypospadias cases whose mothers were being exposed to repellant usage and 39.17% cases whose fathers were smoking. Forty (33.33%) probands’ mothers were aged above 35 years old when they gave birth to their affected son.Conclusion: Majority of hypospadias cases were severe and mild isolated. Environtmental factors including maternal age more than 35 years old, use of repellant, and smoking fathers were found in this study.  

scholarly journals Association of Polygenic Risk Score and Bacterial Toxins at Screening Colonoscopy with Colorectal Cancer Progression: A Multicenter Case-Control Study

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Alfonso Piciocchi ◽  
Elena Angela Pia Germinario ◽  
Koldo Garcia Etxebarria ◽  
Silvia Rossi ◽  
Lupe Sanchez-Mete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Bacterial Toxins ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and its incidence is correlated with infections, chronic inflammation, diet, and genetic factors. An emerging aspect is that microbial dysbiosis and chronic infections triggered by certain bacteria can be risk factors for tumor progression. Recent data suggest that certain bacterial toxins implicated in DNA attack or in proliferation, replication, and death can be risk factors for insurgence and progression of CRC. In this study, we recruited more than 300 biopsy specimens from people undergoing colonoscopy, and we analyzed to determine whether a correlation exists between the presence of bacterial genes coding for toxins possibly involved in CRC onset and progression and the different stages of CRC. We also analyzed to determine whether CRC-predisposing genetic factors could contribute to bacterial toxins response. Our results showed that CIF toxin is associated with polyps or adenomas, whereas pks+ seems to be a predisposing factor for CRC. Toxins from Escherichia coli as a whole have a higher incidence rate in adenocarcinoma patients compared to controls, whereas Bacteroides fragilis toxin does not seem to be associated with pre-cancerous nor with cancerous lesions. These results have been obtained irrespectively of the presence of CRC-risk loci.

scholarly journals The role of the family doctor in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
Mihaela Adela IANCU ◽  
◽  
Gabriela GANEA ◽  
Ramona Dorotea CĂLIN ◽  
Irina Anca EREMIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The Family

The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing. It is currently the third most common cancer, after lung and breast cancer. Despite the increased incidence, recent advances in early detection, performing the screening according to the recommendations and treatment options have reduced colorectal cancer mortality. The role of the family doctor is to advise and to identify non-modifiable risk factors (age, male sex, race, family history, inflammatory bowel disease) as well as modifiable ones (tobacco consumption, low-fiber, high-fat and high carbohydrate diet, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity), in order to avoid these risk factors by developing a personalized plan for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer depending on the individual risk. Genetic testing and a more comprehensive family history documentation by the family doctor can enable those with a hereditary predisposition for the colorectal cancer to take preventive measures. Applying evidence-based prevention strategies reduces the prognosis of colorectal cancer and reduces mortality. Colorectal cancer has an increased survival rate if diagnosed early and treated properly.

scholarly journals Colorectal cancer: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Granados-Romero ◽  
Alan Isaac Valderrama-Treviño ◽  
Ericka Hazzel Contreras-Flores ◽  
Baltazar Barrera-Mera ◽  
Miguel Herrera Enríquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Colonic Polyps ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Basis Risk ◽  
Intestinal Inflammatory Disease

Colorectal cancer (CCR) is the third most common cancer worldwide in men and women, the second largest cause of death related to cancer, and the main cause of death in gastrointestinal cancer. The risk of developing this cancer is related to bad alimentary habits, smoking, intestinal inflammatory disease, polyps, genetic factors, and aging. Of the patients that are diagnosed with colorectal cancer 90% are older than 50, with a median age of 64 years; however, the disease is more aggressive in patients that are diagnosed at younger ages. According to the American Cancer Association, it was accounted for more than 49,700 deaths in 2015. The goal is to reduce the mortality rate with early diagnosis and treatment. Currently, the survival rate is used to predict a patient’s prognosis. The patient is considered to have a positive familial history if a first-degree relative has been diagnosed with colorectal cancer or colonic polyps before the age of 60, or also if two or more first-degree relatives have been diagnosed with cancer or polyps at any age. There are several methods for detecting colorectal cancer, such as the guaiac test, immunochemical test of stool, DNA stool test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and barium enema. The stage in which the cancer is detected determines the prognosis, survival, and treatment of the patient. Provide a review about generalities, genetic basis, risk factors, protective factors, clinical course, diagnostic methods, therapy and survival in colorectal cancer. Conducted research from different databases such as PubMed, Medline, MedScape, on the definition, genetic factors, classification, risk factors, protective factors, diagnostic methods, epidemiology, survival and treatment of colorectal cancer. Articles from 2000 to 2017 were included using the following keywords.

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