Coumarins and Coumarin-Related Compounds in Pharmacotherapy of Cancer

Cancer is one of the most common causes of disease-related deaths worldwide. Despite the discovery of many chemotherapeutic drugs that inhibit uncontrolled cell division processes for the treatment of various cancers, serious side effects of these drugs are a crucial disadvantage. In addition, multi-drug resistance is another important problem in anticancer treatment. Due to problems such as cytotoxicity and drug resistance, many investigations are being conducted to discover and develop effective anticancer drugs. In recent years, researchers have focused on the anticancer activity coumarins, due to their high biological activity and low toxicity. Coumarins are commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma and leukemia, and they also have the ability to counteract the side effects caused by radiotherapy. Both natural and synthetic coumarin derivatives draw attention due to their photochemotherapy and therapeutic applications in cancer. In this review, a compilation of various research reports on coumarins with anticancer activity and investigation and a review of structure-activity relationship studies on coumarin core are presented. Determination of important structural features around the coumarin core may help researchers to design and develop new analogues with a strong anticancer effect and reduce the potential side effects of existing therapeutics.

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Current insights into the chemistry and antitubercular potential of benzimidazole and imidazole derivatives

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557520666201102094401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Deepa Parwani ◽

Sushanta Bhattacharya ◽

Akash Rathore ◽

Chaitali Mallick ◽

Vivek Asati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Extensively Drug Resistance ◽

Improved Characteristics

: Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), affecting millions of people worldwide. The emergence of drug resistance is a major problem in the successful treatment of tuberculosis. Due to the commencement of MDR-TB (multi-drug resistance) and XDR-TB (extensively drug resistance), there is a crucial need for the development of novel anti-tubercular agents with improved characteristics such as low toxicity, enhanced inhibitory activity and short duration of treatment. In this direction, various heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized and screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among them, benzimidazole and imidazole containing derivatives found to have potential anti-tubercular activity. The present review focuses on various imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives (from 2015-2019) with their structure activity relationships in the treatment of tuberculosis.

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The Therapeutic Efficacy of Dendrimer and Micelle Formulations for Breast Cancer Treatment

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12121212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1212

Author(s):

Sibusiso Alven ◽

Blessing Atim Aderibigbe

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Side Effects ◽

Anticancer Drugs ◽

Drug Toxicity ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Drug Bioavailability

Breast cancer is among the most common types of cancer in women and it is the cause of a high rate of mortality globally. The use of anticancer drugs is the standard treatment approach used for this type of cancer. However, most of these drugs are limited by multi-drug resistance, drug toxicity, poor drug bioavailability, low water solubility, poor pharmacokinetics, etc. To overcome multi-drug resistance, combinations of two or more anticancer drugs are used. However, the combination of two or more anticancer drugs produce toxic side effects. Micelles and dendrimers are promising drug delivery systems that can overcome the limitations associated with the currently used anticancer drugs. They have the capability to overcome drug resistance, reduce drug toxicity, improve the drug solubility and bioavailability. Different classes of anticancer drugs have been loaded into micelles and dendrimers, resulting in targeted drug delivery, sustained drug release mechanism, increased cellular uptake, reduced toxic side effects of the loaded drugs with enhanced anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This review article reports the biological outcomes of dendrimers and micelles loaded with different known anticancer agents on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo.

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Assessment of combination approaches of phytoconstituents with chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer, a systematic review

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612827666210902155752 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Sartaj ◽

Sanjula Baboota ◽

Javed Ali

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Conventional Treatment ◽

Breast Cancer Treatment ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

High Dose ◽

Effective Strategy

Purpose: The available conventional treatment for breast cancer, like surgery, hormonal, radiation, and chemotherapy, given alone or in combination, is commonly used. Due to broad and diverse side effects, toxicity, and multi-drug resistance, chemotherapy has limited use and less effective treatment. In this review, anti-cancer drugs used in combination with phytoconstituents approaches have been summarised. It has been anticipated that this could be a promising and effective strategy for breast cancer treatment. Methods: This review is conducted based on relevant literature using the keywords presented in the title, abstract, and keywords. The available literature search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, MedlinePlus, and Google scholar up to May 2021. A total of 47 articles were selected out of 168 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The significant drawbacks of available conventional treatment, especially chemotherapy, are low bioavailability for absorption at the specific site of tumor cells, development of multi-drug resistance, and high dose-related to various side effects. The phytoconstituents have anticancerous properties and chemotherapeutic agents that find a promising and potential therapeutics modality. Many in vitro and in vivo studies showed that phytoconstituents could enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer treatment. Conclusion: The combination approaches of phytoconstituents with chemotherapeutic drugs give less toxicity to normal cells, reduce side effects, and overcome the multi-drug resistance, making the combination approaches an effective strategy.

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Application of nanoparticles to reverse multi-drug resistance in cancer

Nanotechnology Reviews ◽

10.1515/ntrev-2016-0023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jie Yang ◽

Haijun Zhang ◽

Baoan Chen

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Side Effects ◽

Conventional Method ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Present Review ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Long Period

AbstractMulti-drug resistance (MDR) poses a large obstacle to various human malignancies. For a long period, combination of multiple therapeutic agents has been the conventional method used to reverse MDR in cancer. However, it is still not an effective method as rather than cancer its serious side effects causes patient’s death. Nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as a class of therapeutics for cancer, including overcoming MDR. In the present review, we focus on the application of NPs to reverse MDR in cancer. Several kinds of NPs developed for the reversal of MDR are summarized. In addition, investigations

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Natural Products: Review for Their Effects of Anti-HBV

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/3972390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Xuqiang Liu ◽

Changyang Ma ◽

Zhenhua Liu ◽

Wenyi Kang

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Natural Products ◽

Side Effects ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Nucleoside Analogues ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

B Virus ◽

Low Toxicity

Hepatitis B is a global infectious disease, seriously endangering human health. Currently, there are mainly interferons and nucleoside analogues treatment of hepatitis B in the clinic, which have certain therapeutic effects on hepatitis B, but their side effects and drug resistance are increasingly prominent. Therefore, it is urgently needed to discover and develop new anti-HBV drugs, especially natural products, which have novel, high efficiency, and low toxicity anti-HBV compounds with novel antiviral mechanisms. In this manuscript, the natural products (polysaccharides and 165 compounds) with the activity of antihepatitis B virus are discussed according to their chemical classes, including 14 phenylpropanoids, 8 flavonoids,12 xanthones, 13 anthroquinones, 47 terpenoids, 6 alkaloids, 15 enediynes, 11 aromatics, 18 phenylalanine dipeptides compounds, and 13 others. In addition, the anti-HBV mechanism and targets of natural product were also discussed. The aim of this review is to report new discoveries about anti-HBV natural products and to provide reference for researchers.

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MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of Doxorubicin resistance in breast tumor cells

Cancer Cell International ◽

10.1186/s12935-021-01873-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amir Sadra Zangouei ◽

Maliheh Alimardani ◽

Meysam Moghbeli

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Side Effects ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Breast Tumor ◽

Present Review ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Main Body ◽

Breast Tumor Cells ◽

Non Invasive

Abstract Background Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatment options for breast cancer (BC) patients. However, about half of the BC patients are chemotherapeutic resistant. Doxorubicin (DOX) is considered as one of the first line drugs in the treatment of BC patients whose function is negatively affected by multi drug resistance. Due to the severe side effects of DOX, it is very important to diagnose the DOX resistant BC patients. Therefore, assessment of molecular mechanisms involved in DOX resistance can improve the clinical outcomes in BC patients by introducing the novel therapeutic and diagnostic molecular markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as members of the non-coding RNAs family have pivotal roles in various cellular processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, aberrant miRNAs functions and expressions can be associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Moreover, due to miRNAs stability in body fluids, they can be considered as non-invasive diagnostic markers for the DOX response in BC patients. Main body In the present review, we have summarized all of the miRNAs that have been reported to be associated with DOX resistance in BC for the first time in the world. Conclusions Since, DOX has severe side effects; it is required to distinguish the non DOX-responders from responders to improve the clinical outcomes of BC patients. This review highlights the miRNAs as pivotal regulators of DOX resistance in breast tumor cells. Moreover, the present review paves the way of introducing a non-invasive panel of prediction markers for DOX response among BC patients.

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