scholarly journals Transplant Oncology: An Evolving Field in Cancer Care

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4911
Author(s):  
Maen Abdelrahim ◽  
Abdullah Esmail ◽  
Ala Abudayyeh ◽  
Naoka Murakami ◽  
Ashish Saharia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Hepatobiliary Malignancies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unresectable Liver Metastases ◽  
Transplant Medicine ◽  
Improve Patient

Transplant oncology is an emerging concept of cancer treatment with a promising prospective outcome. The application of oncology, transplant medicine, and surgery to improve patients’ survival and quality of life is the core of transplant oncology. Hepatobiliary malignancies have been treated by liver transplantation (LT) with significant improved outcome. In addition, as the liver is the most common site of metastasis for colorectal cancer (CRC), patients with CRC who have stable unresectable liver metastases are good candidates for LT, and initial studies have shown improved survival compared to palliative systemic therapy. The indications of LT for hepatobiliary malignancies have been slowly expanded over the years in a stepwise manner; however, they have only been shown to improve patient survival in the setting of limited systemic therapy options. This review illustrates the concept and history of transplant oncology as an evolving field for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic biliary cancer, and liver-only metastasis of non-hepatobiliary carcinoma. The utility of immunotherapy in the transplant setting is discussed as well as the feasibility of using circulating tumor DNA for surveillance post-transplantation.

scholarly journals Percutaneous Management of Malignant Biliary Strictures: Current Status and Future Directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 036-046
Author(s):  
Mohammed Attaya ◽  
Hosam Attaya ◽  
Ashraf Thabet
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Biliary Strictures ◽  
Biliary Stents ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Percutaneous Interventions ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Transhepatic Biliary Drainage

AbstractVarious minimally invasive percutaneous interventions may be performed for the treatment and management of malignant biliary obstruction. The types of percutaneous interventions include percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, percutaneous cholecystostomy, and biliary stent placement. Biliary stents have undergone continued evolution in design to prolong patency, increase cost-effectiveness, improve patient survival, and quality of life. Furthermore, investigational techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation, intraluminal brachytherapy, and photodynamic therapy promise new technologies in the field of biliary intervention. This review focuses on the current status of percutaneous therapies for malignant biliary strictures and obstruction.

scholarly journals Pediatric supratentorial high-grade gliomas

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S. Tamber ◽  
James T. Rutka
Keyword(s):  
Patient Survival ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Aggressive Tumors ◽  
High Grade Gliomas ◽  
Improve Patient

The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the pertinent concepts and controversies surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric supratentorial high-grade gliomas. Unlike the adult counterparts, pediatric high-grade gliomas are likely derived from distinct cytogenetic and molecular alterations. Surgery has been shown to play a role in extending patient survival. Some success is associated with the provision of chemotherapy. Radiotherapy remains an important adjunct in children older than age 3 years. The challenges involved in improving the poor prognosis of children in whom these very aggressive tumors have been diagnosed will be discussed, as well as some of the novel approaches being investigated to improve patient survival and quality of life.

Technologic Advances in Surgery for Brain Tumors: Tools of the Trade in the Modern Neurosurgical Operating Room

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. McPherson ◽  
Raymond Sawaya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Oncologic Treatment ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Patient Survival Time

Surgery is an essential part of the oncologic treatment of patients with brain tumors. Surgery is necessary for histologic diagnosis, and the cytoreduction of tumor mass has been shown to improve patient survival time and quality of life. Ultimately, the goal of any oncologic neurosurgery is to achieve maximal safe resection. Over the years, many technologic adjuncts have been developed to assist the surgeon in achieving this goal. In this article, we review the technologic advances of modern neurosurgery that are helping to reach this goal.

scholarly journals Home Hemodialysis Dose: Balancing Patient Needs and Preferences

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Jose A. Diaz-Buxo ◽  
Corinne E. Zeller-Knuth ◽  
Kerry Anne Rambaran ◽  
Rainer Himmele
Keyword(s):  
Patient Survival ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Patient Needs ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Home Hemodialysis ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Hemodialysis Dose ◽  
Made In

Background: The aim in defining the dose of HHD is to provide sufficient dialysis required to possibly ‘normalize' all abnormalities associated with renal failure in order improve patient survival and quality of life. Much progress has been made in defining the dose required to accomplish this goal, but the evidence is still far from robust. The main limitations are incomplete understanding of uremic toxins, their relative importance in causing uremic symptoms, and our inability to comprehensively assess dry weight. Summary: This review provides guidance on realistic dosing of dialysis for the HHD patient based on the available evidence, where available, and alternative regimens that suit the individual's lifestyle and preferences. Key Messages: HHD can easily accommodate alternative, intensive HD prescriptions, including daily and nocturnal HD. HHD provides prescription flexibility to fulfill patient needs while taking their preferences into account.

scholarly journals One Case of Anti-Yo Antibody Positive Subacute Cerebellar Degenera

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Cerebellar Degeneration ◽  
Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Subacute Cerebellar Degeneration ◽  
Improve Patient

Subacute cerebellar degenera also known as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, is one of the typical neurological lesions caused by paraneoplastic neurological syndrom. It is caused by changes in the immune response. A case of tumor-negative anti-Yo antibody-positive subacute cerebellar degeneration is reported to strengthen clinicians’ understanding of the disease. Early diagnosis of subacute cerebellar degeneration is essential to improve patient survival and quality of life.

scholarly journals Circulating tumor DNA as specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
A. A. Tarmaev ◽  
Ozal A. Beylerli
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Biopsy Methods ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Tumor Dna

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is considered one of the most aggressive cancers with high mortality and low 5-year survival rate. This is mainly due to its late detection. Complex anatomical location creates certain difficulties for imaging and puncture biopsy methods, while standard tumor markers do not have high sensitivity and specificity. Thus, the search for specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, as well as monitoring patients with pancreatic cancer during treatment, is a priority to improve patient survival in this terminal disease. Liquid biopsy, which has recently gained a lot of attention including the study of free-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma or serum, is a promising additional method of research. In this review, we will consider the latest findings from the ctDNA study as early and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer and monitoring the disease during treatment.

Probiotics in gastroenterology – from a different angle

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Miklós Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel

After a short overview of the history of probiotics, the author presents the development of human intestinal microflora based on the newest genetic data and the microbiological features of main probiotics. The indications of probiotic administration have been defined and extended in recent years. The author reviews significant results of probiotic treatment in some gastrointestinal diseases based on meta-analytical data. Probiotics are useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile caused diarrhoea. In the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, preparations containing certain Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium strains or Saccaromyces boulardii could enhance by 5–10% the rate of successful eradication and reduce the incidence and severity of the side effects. Some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and thus the quality of life can be improved by probiotics. Their beneficial effect in ulcerative colitis was proven, while in Crohn’s disease has not yet been defined. The use of probiotics is not included in guidelines, with the exception of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus. For each disease it is advisable to use probiotics containing strains only with proven beneficial effect. The efficiency of preparations containing mixed strains has not yet been properly investigated. The author reviews the rare but potentially serious side effects of probiotics. In Hungary, there are many probiotic preparations available which can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription: their use is more empirical than evidence-based. The European Food Safety Authority has recently rejected claims for probiotics to be classed as medicines given the lack of convincing evidence on the effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. Clearly, further research is needed to collect evidence which could be incorporated into the international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 294–304.

EXPLORING HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF FILM: Motives and Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Stephen Verderber
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Behavior Setting ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of

The interdisciplinary field of person-environment relations has, from its origins, addressed the transactional relationship between human behavior and the built environment. This body of knowledge has been based upon qualitative and quantitative assessment of phenomena in the “real world.” This knowledge base has been instrumental in advancing the quality of real, physical environments globally at various scales of inquiry and with myriad user/client constituencies. By contrast, scant attention has been devoted to using simulation as a means to examine and represent person-environment transactions and how what is learned can be applied. The present discussion posits that press-competency theory, with related aspects drawn from functionalist-evolutionary theory, can together function to help us learn of how the medium of film can yield further insights to person-environment (P-E) transactions in the real world. Sampling, combined with extemporary behavior setting analysis, provide the basis for this analysis of healthcare settings as expressed throughout the history of cinema. This method can be of significant aid in examining P-E transactions across diverse historical periods, building types and places, healthcare and otherwise, otherwise logistically, geographically, or temporally unattainable in real time and space.

РАССКАЗЫ В.ШУКШИНА И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПЕРЕВОДА ИХ НА КЫРГЫЗСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Джээнбүбү Бегеева
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Psychological Feature ◽  
Translation Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Problems Of Translation

Аннотация. В статье анализируется качество переводов рассказов В.Шукшина, осуществленных в середине 70-х годов С. Наматбаевым. Переводоведческий анализ вывил многочисленные стилевые расхождения между оригиналом и переводом. При переводе одного из лучших рассказов Шукшина «Чудик» искажения стиля не передали психологические тонкости рассказа. При переводе рассказа «Дядя Ермолай» философский аспект рассказа выпал, так как переводчик исказил жанровую специфику. Перевод рассказа «Два письма» оказался более качественным по сравнению с предыдущими. Переводчик рассказа «Два письма» сумел приблизиться к оригиналу, расшифровать его основную тональность, воспроизвести атмосферу напряженных поисков истины героем рассказа Николаем Иванычем. Этот перевод оказался более качественно выполненным по сравнению с предыдущим рассказом «Дядя Ермолай». Причину переводческого успеха можно объяснить, прежде всего, доступностью содержания рассказа, да и сам герой не столь сложная и глубокая личность, как повествователь в рассказе о дяде Ермолае. В целом, переводы С.Наматбаева являются своеобраз- ным этапом в переводческом деле. В настоящее время необходимо более полное и глубокое восприятие творчества В.Шукшина и создания новых адекватных переводов. Ключевые слова: качество переводов, стилевые расхождения, психологические тонкости, философский аспект, этапом. Аннотация. Макалада В.Шукшиндин аңгемелеринин кыргыз тилине которуудагы сапаты каралат, котормолор 1970-жылдары котормочу С.Наматбаев аркылуу жаралган. Котормонун сапатына талдоо жүргүзгөндө көпчүлүк каталар табылган, алардын эң олуттуусу стилдердин айырмасы, негизги чыгарма менен котормонун ортосунда. Мисалы, “Чудик” деген аңгеменин психологиялык мүнөздөмөсү жоголуп кеткен. “Ермолай байке” деген аңгемеде жанрдын туура эмес берилишинен жазуучунун негизги ою жоголуп кеткен. “Эки кат” деген аңгеме беркилерге караганда сапаттуу которулган. Котормочу " Эки кат" деген аңгемени оригиналга жакындатып которгон. Башкы каарман Николай Иванычтын изденүүлөрүн, ойлорун, чындыкты табууга аракеттерин Шукшинден кем эмес окуучуларга жеткирген. Котормочунун жетишкендиги аңгеменин түшүнүктүү мазмуну менен түшүндүрсө болот, жана Николай Ивановичтин жөнөкөйлүгү менен. С.Наматбаевдын котормолору каталарына карабастан котормочулук иште алдыга жылуу болгон. Бирок, азыркы заманда сапаттуу котормо жаратууда мезгил келди. Түйүндүү сөздөр: которуудагы сапаты, стилдердин айырмасы, психологиялык мүнөздөмөсү, негизги ою жоголуп. Annotation. The quality of translation of the Shukshins stories is analyzed in the Middle 70- years. By S.Namatbaev. The translation analysis had idenh hed numerous style discrepancies between the original and the translation. The psychological feature of the compasihion were not be hansfered by the translation one the bestand famous story by. V.Shukshin due to distorhion of the style. By the translation of the story “The uncle Ermolai” had full a phisichal aspect of the story, because the translator had distorted the genre specifics. The translation of the stories “Two letters” was wade more qualitative comparated with another stories. Generally, the Namatbaevs translation are a sui generis stage in the translatiobs. We need currently more total and profound perception of the creation by V.Shukshin. The create of the new adeavate translation is the main task. The head of the theory and history of Russian literature department. V. Shukshin’s stories and problems of translation them into Kyrgyz language. This article is analysed the quality of translation of V. Shukshin’s stories, which were written in 70 th with S. Namatbaev. Translation analyse deduced many stylistic variations between translated version and original. There is a misrepresentation, was not transmitted psychological subtleties of the story in translation of one of the best V. Shuk- shin’s story “Wierdo”. Metaphysical dimension is disappeared in translation of the story “Uncle Ermolai”, since translator destort the genre specificity. The translation of the story “Two letters” has been more qualitative in comparison with previous translations. In common, S. Namatbaev’s translation is a genius stage in translation. It needs more full and deep comprehension of S. Shukshin’s work and to establish new suitable translation. Key words: Quality of translation, stylistic variation, psychological subtleties, metaphysical dimension, stage.

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