scholarly journals Opportunities and Limitations of Pelvic Exenteration Surgery

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6162
Author(s):  
Björn Lampe ◽  
Verónica Luengas-Würzinger ◽  
Jürgen Weitz ◽  
Stephan Roth ◽  
Friederike Rawert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Exenteration ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Tumour Resection ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
High Morbidity Rate ◽  
Surgical Expertise ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Exenterative Surgery

Purpose: The practice of exenterative surgery is sometimes controversial and has garnered a certain scepticism. Surgical studies are difficult to conduct due to insufficient data. The aim of this review is to present the current standing of pelvic exenteration from a surgical, gynaecological and urological point of view. Methods: This review is based upon a literature review (MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL (Cochrane) and EMBASE (Elsevier)) of retrospective studies on exenterative surgery from 1993–2020. Using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) search terms, 1572 publications were found. These were evaluated and screened with respect to their eligibility using algorithms and well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Therefore, the guidelines for systematic reviews (PRISMA) were used. Results: A complete tumour resection (R0) often represents the only curative option for advanced pelvic carcinomas and their recurrences. A recent systematic review showed significant symptom relief in 80% of palliative patients after pelvic exenteration. Surgical limitations (distant metastases, involvement of the pelvic wall, etc.) are diminished by adequate surgical expertise and close interdisciplinary cooperation. While the mortality rate is low (2–5%), the still relatively high morbidity rate (32–84%) can be minimized by optimizing the perioperative setting. Following exenterations, roughly 79–82% of patients report satisfying results according to PROs (patient-reported outcomes). Conclusion: Due to multimodality treatment strategies combined with extended surgical expertise and patients’ preferences, pelvic exenteration can be offered nowadays with low mortality and acceptable postoperative quality of life. The possibilities of surgical treatment are often underestimated. A multi-centre database (PelvEx Collaborative) was established to collect data and experiences to optimize the research in this field.

scholarly journals Surveillance of influenza A H1N1 2009 among school children during 2009 and 2010 in São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Baltazar Guatura ◽  
Aripuana Sakurada Aranha Watanabe ◽  
Clarice Neves Camargo ◽  
Ana Maria Passos ◽  
Sheila Negrini Parmezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
High Morbidity Rate ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

INTRODUCTION: Influenza A H1N1 2009 is associated with a high morbidity rate among children around the world, including Brazil. This survey was conducted on samples of symptomatic children (< 12 years) to investigate the influenza virus as the etiological agent of respiratory infections in a day care school in a health facility during the first and second pandemic wave of H1N1 (2009-2010) in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Influenza infections were determined by real-time PCR in 34% (47/137) of children with a median age of 5 years (8 months - 12 years), from June to October 2009 and in 16% (14/85) of those with median age of 6 years (1-12 years), from March to November 2010. RESULTS: In general, most positive cases (64%) occurred in children aged 5-12 years, this age group was significantly the most affected (39.8%, p = 0.001, OR = 8.3, CI 95% 1.9-36.9). Wheezing was reported by 31% (19/61) and dyspnea by 23% (14/61) of the studied patients. An outbreak of influenza H1N1 with an attack rate of 35.7% among children (median age 6 years) was documented in April 2010, before the vaccination campaign against the pandemic virus was extended for children up to 5 years in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the study reinforces the recommendation to immunize school children to reduce the incidence of the disease.

scholarly journals Unsafe abortion among secondary school girls in a local authority in South-South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3547
Author(s):  
Matthias G. Abah ◽  
Emem E. Bassey ◽  
Emmanuel B. Edu ◽  
Okupa D. Ovie
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Dilation And Curettage ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

Background: Voluntary abortion for social reasons is illegal in Nigeria; however, the practice remains mostly clandestine and unsafe with varying consequences and determinants yet to be studied in all settings.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the prevalence, practice and determinants of termination of pregnancy amongst 119 female Secondary School students in South-South Nigeria.Results: The prevalence of abortion was 57.1%. Most of the students were above 18years (58.8%), Christian (95.8%) and of rural residence (66.4%). While 58.8% had experienced an unwanted pregnancy, 61.4% had used some form of contraceptive with condom being the commonest (39.5%). Most (89.1%) have heard of abortions while 67.6% and 16.2% have had abortions once and twice respectively with the top reasons for abortion being that they were still in school (33.8%), too young (25.9%) and to avoid shame or stigma associated with the pregnancy (11.7%). Dilation and curettage was the predominant method employed (40.2%) mainly by medical doctors (34.1% and pharmacists (35.6%) while 51 (75%) had post-abortal complaints such as pain (41.2%) and bleeding (21.6%). There was a significant association between having an abortion and place of residence (rural more than urban), (p=0.04), being pregnant more than once (p<0.001), mothers` level of education (p=0.03), fathers` level of education (p=0.02) and mothers occupation (p=0.04).Conclusions: The prevalence of abortion is high and complicated by high morbidity rate despite a higher contraceptive prevalence rate whose major determinants were the socio-demographic characteristics of the parents. There is a need for early sex education from parents as this can influence abortion perception and practice in later years.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis: Present and Future

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Voge ◽  
Enrique Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
High Morbidity Rate ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Risk Ratios

The global incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) appears to be increasing. Although it may not be associated with a high mortality rate, this disease has a high morbidity rate which affects the quality of life of patients and reduces their ability to do their activities of daily living. Thankfully, the development of novel disease modifying therapies continues to increase. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) have become a mainstay of MS treatment and they are likely to continue to be developed for the treatment of this disease. Specifically, MABs have proven to be some of the most efficacious treatments at reducing relapses and the inflammation in MS patients, including the first treatment for primary progressive MS and are being explored as reparative/remyelinating agents as well. These relatively new treatments will be reviewed here to help evaluate their efficacy, adverse events, immunogenicity, and benefit-risk ratios in the treatment of the diverse spectrum of MS. The focus will be on MABs that are currently approved or may be approved in the near future.

scholarly journals The Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampicin in Japanese Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Drug Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (05) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Takahiro Nishimura ◽  
Haruichi Kohno ◽  
Hideaki Nagai ◽  
Daisuke Maruoka ◽  
Yuichi Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Power Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Nonlinear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

AbstractIn Japan, tuberculosis has been recognized as one of the major infections requiring urgent measures because of its high morbidity rate even now especially in elderly people suffering from tuberculosis during the past epidemic and its reactivation. Hence, many Japanese clinicians have made efforts to suppress the onset of tuberculosis and treat it effectively. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify covariate(s) that may explain the variation of rifampicin, which is the key antitubercular agent, under the steady-state by evaluating its population pharmacokinetics and (2) to propose an appropriate dosing method of rifampicin to Japanese patients. For this purpose, serum concentration–time data were obtained from 138 patients receiving rifampicin (300–450 mg) and isoniazid (300–400 mg) every day over 14 days, and analyzed using nonlinear mixed effects model. Thereby, population pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated followed by elucidating relations between the parameters and statistical factors. The analysis adopted one-compartment model including Lag-time by assuming that the absorption process is 0+1st order. The analyses demonstrate that meal affected the bioavailability, primary absorption rate constant, and zero order absorption time in the constructed model. A body weight calculated from the power model was selected as the covariate by the Stepwise Covariate Model method and found to highly affect the clearance in the range from −31.6% to 47.4%. We conclude that the dose in Japanese tuberculous patients can be well estimated by the power model formula and should be taken into consideration when rifampicin is administered.

High morbidity rate after converted laparoscopic colorectal surgery

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1406-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Slim ◽  
D. Pezet ◽  
Y. Riff ◽  
E. Clark ◽  
J. Chipponi
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

scholarly journals Analysis Of Heart Decrease In Hypertension Patients With Karotis Artery Massage

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Asnidar ◽  
Tenriwati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Heart Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

Hypertension is a disease that causes a high morbidity rate. The purpose of this study was to analyze the decrease in heart rate of hypertensive patients before and after doing massage on the carotid artery at the Bontobangun Public Health Center. design with population and sample that is all hypertension patients in Public Health Center of Bonto Public Health Center as many as 30 people. The sampling technique used was accidentaly sampling. The results of this study were in the pre-test there were 17 people (56.7%) who were in the category of moderate heart rate, 13 people (43.3%) high heart rate, in the post-test there were 25 people (83.3%) who had moderate heart rate , and 5 people (16.7%) had high heart rates. The conclusion of this study is that there is a decrease in heart rate of hypertension patients after carotid artery massage in public polyclinic public clinics at Bonto Wake with a value of p = 0.008 <α = 0.05. suggestions from this study are so that the results of this study can add a reference regarding carotid artery massage to decrease heart rate in patients with hypertension in the general poly bontobangun puskesmas.

scholarly journals SPINK7 Expression Changes Accompanied by HER2, P53 and RB1 may be Potential Biomarkers to Predict Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Molecular Level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Penachiotti ◽  
Fabio Valdez ◽  
Wilfredo A González-Arriagada ◽  
Hector F Montes ◽  
Judith Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

Abstract Background. The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects more than 300,000 patients annually worldwide with a high morbidity rate (37.8%). Several tumor biomarkers have been suggested to anticipate outcome but results were poor. Changes of SPINK7 and associated proteins in precancerous oral lesions could lead to genomic instability and promote oncogenesis. Our aim was to evaluate SPINK7as apotential molecular biomarkerpredictive of OSCC stages, compared with well-known molecules altered in cancer: HER2,TP53, RB1, NFKB and CYP4B1. Methods.Oral biopsies from patientswith dysplasia (n=33), less invasive(n=28) andhighly invasiveOSCC (n=18) were collected. 20 cases with a clinical suspicion but normal mucosa confirmedwere included ascontrol. Gene expression of SPINK7, P53,RB, NFKBand CYP4B1 were quantified by qPCR.SPINK7 levels were correlated with a cohort of 330 patients from the TCGA. Also,SPINK7, HER2, TP53, and RB1, were evaluated by immunohistofluorescence. One-way Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hocwith a p<0.05 significance were used to data analyze.Results.In OSCC, SPINK7wasdown regulated andP53, RB, NFKB and CYP4B1were up regulatedrespect tothe others groups (p<0.001). Also,SPINK7 expressionwasdiminished in patients of TCGA(p=2.10e-6). In less invasive OSCC,SPINK7 and HER2 proteinswere decreasedandTP53 and RB1 significantly increasedrespect todysplasia and highly invasivegroups (p<0.05).Conclusion. Our results suggest that SPINK7changes accompanied of HER2, P53 and RB1 can be used to classify the molecular stage of epithelial oral lesion inthe OSCC, allowing a more accuratediagnosis to molecular and histopathological level.

scholarly journals About Minimization of Expenses on Allergy Diagnosis in Children: Analysis of Consistency of in Vitro- and in Vivo-Allergic Examinations Results

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-755
Author(s):  
Marina Andreevna Snovskaya ◽  
Anna Sergeevna Batyrova ◽  
Leyla Seymurovna Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Anna Aleksandrovna Alekseeva ◽  
Elena Aleksandrovna Vishneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

High morbidity rate of atopic diseases among children, including high importance of grass pollen as a sensitizing agent, determine the relevance of studies on diagnostic examination systems for appointment of adequate therapy. The research of the most relevant allergens for patients to exclude of duplicating and uninformative tests became urgent after development of a new type of diagnostic tests that does not require expensive equipment. The objective of this research was to evaluate the results of in vitro- and in vivo-diagnostic examinations of children with various forms of atopic disease caused by pollen of meadow grasses, and to choose the most significant prognostic parameters for the diagnosis. Methods: 277 children aged 4–16 years with various forms of atopic disease were included in the study. There were performed skin prick tests and determination of IgE-antibodies levels to allergen extracts of cocksfoot (g3), meadow fescue (g4), timothy grass (g6). Results: In the studied group of patients 32–50% of children have antibodies to grass allergens. There was a close correlation of antibody response on the investigated allergens, quantitative coincidence of IgE-antibodies to g3 and g4 allergens levels. IgE (g6) concentration was close to the IgE(g3) and IgE(g4) levels (85,0±21,6%). Analysis of the skin tests results showed that 44% of patients have a positive response to grass allergens, and in vivo-tests results coincide with serological tests results, mostly in a qualitative sense. The most significant relationship was noted between in vivo and in vitro-tests in the results of testing the response to meadow fescue pollen.Conclusion: Based on these data IgE concentration index to meadow fescue allergens can be used as a prognostic marker to determine the sensitization of patients with different nosology forms of allergy and can help to improve allergic diagnostics.

scholarly journals Investigation Of Rota Virus In Dogs

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Feras N. Hamdaan
Keyword(s):  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
High Morbidity Rate ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gel Diffusion

397 fecal samples were collected from dogs of different breeds, ages andsex. Detection of rotavirus was achieved by two techniques latexagglutination test and agar gel diffusion test. Blood samples werecollected to study various hematological parameters.The results showed that 95 samples were positive to rotavirus 23samples (24.2%) were from diarrheic cases and 72 samples (75.8%)were from non diarrheic cases.Younger dogs were more affected with rotavirus infection 17 positivecases than older ages 6 positive cases. The results showed that diarrheiccases caused by rotavirus were 23 cases (25.3%) that were less than thediarrheic cases caused by other agents 68 cases (74.7%).It had been shown that the ages less than one year (11 cases) were moreaffected with rotavirus and complication with dehydration than agesolder than one year (2 cases).It was found that the morbidity rate in males (53%) was significantlyhigher than females (47%).The Terrier breed showed a high morbidity rate 42% than others Mixed,Greatdane, Goledretriver and Doberman.Our study showed that latex agglutination test was more sensitive thanagar gel diffusion test and the positive samples out of 200 samples weredetected by using latex agglutination test were 39 samples while 18positive samples by agar gel diffusion test.There were no differences in blood parameters of the dogs that showedpositive results of rotavirus in comparing them with the negativeresults.The study showed that rotavirus is widely spreaded among doges withgastrointestinal diseases, it showed that latex agglutination test is morereliable for quick clinical diagnosis.

scholarly journals Level of anxiety caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among dentists in Poland.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Rusyan ◽  
Agnieszka Mielczarek ◽  
Agnieszka Kapała ◽  
Kamil Adamczyk ◽  
Robert Piec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

Abstract Background: The early information on both the speed and high morbidity rate and, above all, mortality, triggered the symptoms of COVID-19-related panic and anxiety. Dentists were listed in the top five professions with the highest risk of transmission of the virus. The paper aimed to assess the level of anxiety among dentists in Poland. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey questionnaire. The study used a tool developed by the team of Ahorsu et al. The COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S) translated into the Polish language. The online questionnaire was completed by 356 dentists. Results: In the studied population of dentists, the perceived level of anxiety associated with COVID -19 should be considered relatively low. Both gender and work experience had no significant impact on their level. When the respondents had children, lived with the elderly, or looked after them the observed level of anxiety was higher and physical symptoms such as sweating palms and increased heart rate occurred.Conclusion: Despite the high risk of infection, the tested low level of anxiety among dentists is a positive predictor of the appropriate level of medical services provided by this group of doctors.

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