scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of New Imidazole Phthalocyanine for Photodegradation of Micro-Organic Pollutants from Sea Water

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassem Jamoussi ◽  
Radhouane Chakroun ◽  
Abdelmajid Timoumi ◽  
Khaled Essalah
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chlorinated Phenols ◽  
Synthetic Seawater ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ito Glass

In this study, a series of new metal phthalocyanines with imidazole function MPc(Imz) (M: Cd, Hg, Zn and Pd) were synthesized to improve the photocatalyst performances. All physical properties such as total energy, HOMO, LUMO energies of MPc(Imz), as well as their vibrational frequencies have been determined by DFT method using B3LYP theory level at 6-311G (d, p) and sdd basis set. The gap of energy level between work function (WF) of ITO and LUMO of PdPc(Imdz) was 1.53 eV and represents the highest barrier beneficial to electron injection compared to WF of ZnPc(Imz), HgPc(Imz), and CdPc(Imz). Furthermore, the PdPc(Imdz) thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass were prepared by spin coating and vacuum evaporation technique, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface electron morphology (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the ITO/glass supported thin films and degradation rates of chlorinated phenols in synthetic seawater, under visible light irradiation were optimized to achieve conversions of 80–90%. Experiments on synthetic seawater samples showed that the chloride-specific increase in photodegradation could be attributed to photochemically generated chloride radicals rather than other photoproduced reactive intermediates [e.g., excited-state triplet PdPc(Imz) (3PdPc(Imz)*), reactive oxygen species]. The major 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol degradation intermediates identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were 2,3,5-Trichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, dichlorodihydroxy-benzene and 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol.

scholarly journals Effect of Target Sintering Temperature on the Morphological and Optical Properties of Pulsed Laser Deposited TiO2 Thin Films

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Laid Kadri ◽  
Georgiana Bulai ◽  
Aurelian Carlescu ◽  
Stoian George ◽  
Silviu Gurlui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ito Glass

In this paper, we report on the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) target sintering temperature on the morphological and optical properties of amorphous titanium dioxide thin films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate and subsequently heat-treated in air at low temperature (150 °C). Three types of targets were used, unsintered (pressed at room temperature), sintered at 500 °C and sintered at 1000 °C. The surface morphology of the samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and profilometry was used for thickness measurements. The structural properties of the films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while their optical properties were studied by UV‒vis spectroscopy. The obtained TiO2 thin films have an amorphous nature, as shown by XRD analysis. Profilometer showed that sintered target samples have more reliable thicknesses than unsintered ones. The SEM studies revealed the sufficient structural homogeneity of sintered target nanosized TiO2 films and agglomerates in the case of unsintered target film. The UV‒vis transmittance spectra showed high transparency in the visible range of PLD films, proportional to the target sintering temperature. The optical band gaps of the films deposited using the 500 °C and 1000 °C sintered targets are closer to those of anatase and rutile phases, respectively, which provides a promising approach to the challenges of amorphous TiO2-based nanostructures.

scholarly journals Structural and Electrical Properties of Sprayed In2S3 Films on ITO/Glass Substrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koaib ◽  
N. Bouguila ◽  
M. Kraini ◽  
I. Halidou ◽  
K. Khirouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Technique ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Chemical Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Electrical Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Ito Glass

Abstract In2S3 thin films were grown on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate by chemical spray pyrolysis technique at 360°C. The structural analysis of the deposited films shows a combination of tetragonal and cubic structures. The average crystallite size is about 25 nm. The electrical properties of In2S3 thin films have been investigated in a wide frequency (40Hz-100MHz) and temperature (400 K-660 K) ranges.We find that the electrical conductance of the In2S3 thin films is frequency and temperature dependent. The dc conductance shows a semi-conductor behavior for In2S3 films over the explored range of temperature and it follows the Arrhenius law with different activation energies. The variation of ac conductance and the frequency exponent `s’ are explained by the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. The Nyquist plots of impedance exhibit semicircle arcs and an electrical equivalent circuit has been suggested to interpret the impedance results.

scholarly journals Opto-Electronic Properties of Epoxy/Silicone Blend Based Thin Films

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Ziat ◽  
Hamza Belkhanchi ◽  
Maryama Hammi ◽  
Charaf Laghlimi ◽  
A Moutcine
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Optical Transition ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Nanostructured Thin Films ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Abstract Recently, the rise of two dimensional amorphous nanostructured thin films have ignited a big interest because of their intriguingly isotropic structural and physical properties leading to potential applications in the nano-optoelectronics. However, according to literature, most of optoelectronic properties are investigated on chalcogenides related heterostructures. This has motivated the present work aiming to provide a new platform for the fabrication, examination of the properties and the applications of 2D nanostructured thin films based on epoxy/silicone blend. Thin films of Epoxy/Silicone loaded with nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) were prepared by sol-gel method and deposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass substrates at room temperature. Further examination of optical properties aimed the investigation of optical pseudo-gap and Urbach energy and enabled the determination of processed films thickness based on Manifacier and Swanepol method. The results indicated that the unloaded thin films have a direct optical transition with a value of 3.61 eV followed by noticeable shift towards narrowing gaps depending on the loading rate. Urbach's energy is 0.19 eV for the unloaded thin films, and varies from 0.43 to 1.33 eV for the loaded thin films with increasing the rate of N-CNTs. It is inversely variable with the optical pseudo-gap. Finally, Epoxy/Silicone loaded with N-CNTs nanocomposites films can be developed as active layers with specific optical characteristics, giving the possibility to be used in electro-optical applications.

scholarly journals Temperature effect on optical properties of nickel (ii) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiPcTs) organic thin films

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (28) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Ameer F. Abdulameer
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
Organic Thin Films ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Good Information ◽  
Energy Gaps ◽  
Ito Glass

This study describe the effect of temperature on the opticalproperties of nickel(ii) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodiumsalt (NiPcTs) organic thin films which are prepared by spin coatingon indium tin oxide (ITO-glass). The optical absorption spectra ofthese thin films are measured. Present studies reveal that the opticalband gap energies of NiPcTs thin films are dependent on theannealing temperatures. The optical band gap decreases with increasein annealing temperature, then increased when the temperature risingto 473K. To enhance the results of Uv-Vis measurements and getmore accurate values of optical energy gaps; the Photoluminescencespectra of as-deposited and annealed NiPcTs thin films was studied.FTIR measurements for NiPcTs thin films also carried out in thiswork and gave good information about the NiPcTs bonds and itslocations as a compared with H2Pc as a reference.

Synthesis and Electrical Conductivity of N-(3-(Trifluoromethyl)Benzylidine)Thiosemicarbazide towards Dyes Sensitized Solar Cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Uwaisulqarni M. Osman ◽  
Azieda Syafika N. Farizal ◽  
Nurhayati Ishak ◽  
Mohd Hasmizam Razali ◽  
M.I.N. Isa
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
Maximum Conductivity ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Conductivity Of Thin Films

Organic compound containing thiosemicarbazide moiety has been successfully synthesized. The new synthesized dyes, N-(3-(Trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde)benzylidine thiosemi- carbazide (3-TFT) was characterized by spectroscopic technique namely, CHNS elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis (FT-IR), UV-Visible analysis (UV-Vis),1H and13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The thin films of this dye have been prepared using a spin coating technique and deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. The main highlight was an electrical conductivity of thin films which was measured using four point probing system in a range of light intensity, 25 Wm-2until 200Wm-2. The potential electrical conductivity of 3-TFT dye was found gradually increased until reached the maximum conductivity values of 0.1489 Scm-1at light intensity of 100 Wm-2in the most diluted concentration at 1x10-5M.

Electrochromic and Electrochemical Properties of Nickel Oxide Thin Films Prepared by a Modified Sol-Gel Method

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.H. Xia ◽  
J.P. Tu ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
X.L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Electrochemical Reversibility ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Cv Measurements

NiO thin films were prepared on ITO glass by a modified sol-gel method in combination with a following annealing process. The XRD results show that the film annealed at 280 °C is amorphous, while the films annealed at and above 300 °C are cubic NiO phase. The electrochromic performances of the annealed films were characterized by means of UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. The film annealed at 280 °C exhibits a noticeable electrochromism with a variation of transmittance up to 76 % at 550 nm. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements reveal that the film annealed at higher temperature has better electrochemical reversibility.

Synthesis and Characterisation of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films for Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells using Natural Fruit Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Ramyashree ◽  
K. Kumar ◽  
S. Shanmuga Priya ◽  
K. Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Nanocrystalline Phase ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ito Films

The study focuses on the application of natural fruit extract of blackberry in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC) as a photosensitiser. The widespread availability of the fruits and juices, high concentration of anthocyanins in them ease of extraction of anthocyanin dyes from these commonly available fruits, enable them as a novel and inexpensive candidates for solar cell fabrication. Anthocyanins are naturally occurring biodegradable and non-toxic compounds that can be extracted with minimal environmental impact and provide environmentally benign alternatives for manufacturing dyes in DSSC synthesis. Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films are synthesised using sol-gel and spin-coating techniques. ITO characteristics are determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FTIR) measurements. To find the transmittance percentage in the visible region of thin films, atomic force microscope (AFM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy analyses were done. The nanocrystalline phase of the synthesised ITO films was confirmed through XRD. SEM was used to analyse the morphology of the synthesised ITO films. Cubic, columnar (edge length ~ 35-45 nm) and rod-shaped (~110 x 14) particles were observed. Narrow size distribution was observed for spherical particles in the range of ~13-15 nm. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of carboxyl and hydroxide functional groups. The AFM analysis revealed the uniform spread of the synthesised dye, while the visible region absorbance and transmittance of the synthesised ITO films were confirmed through UV-vis spectroscopy. The thin films showed 83-86% of average transmittance. Finally, we fabricated a dye-sensitised solar cell with desired properties. The characterisation results confirmed that the synthesised material could be used in the DSSC application.

PH SENSITIVITY DEPENDENCY ON THE ANNEALING TEMPERATURE OF SPIN-COATED TITANIUM DIOXIDE THIN FILMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Aimi Yusof ◽  
Rohanieza Abdul Rahman ◽  
Muhammad AlHadi Zulkefle ◽  
Sukreen Hana Herman ◽  
Wan Fazlida Hanim Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
Ito Thin Films ◽  
Sensing Membrane

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates using the spin coating technique and further were implemented as sensing membranes of the extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET) based pH sensor. The as-deposited thin films were annealed at different temperatures from 200 - 600 °C in room ambient for 20 min. The effects of different annealing temperatures on electrical and crystalline properties were analyzed by I-V two point probes measurement and X-ray diffraction respectively. Meanwhile, the surface morphology of thin films was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). We then measured the transfer characteristics (ID-VG) of the TiO2/ITO sensing membrane using a semiconductor parametric device analyzer for sensor characterization. It was found that, TiO2/ITO sensing membrane annealed at 300 °C achieved higher sensitivity and good linearity of 51.48 mV/pH and 0.99415, respectively in the pH buffer solutions of 4, 7, 10, and 12. Thin film annealed at 300 °C gives higher conductivity thin film of 384.62 S/m. We found that the conductivity of TiO2/ITO thin films was proportional with the sensitivity of sensing membrane.  

Optical Characteristics of WO3 Thin Films Prepared Using the Electrodeposition Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tun Ping Teng ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Chao Chieh Yu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Coated Glass ◽  
Electrodeposition Method ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Infrared Transmittance ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
Collecting Efficiency ◽  
Solar Water Heaters

The tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films on the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass in this study were produced by applying the electrodeposition method (ED). This method involves adjusting ED time to control the structure, film thickness, and morphology of WO3thin films. Furthermore, the crystallization of the WO3thin films was controlled by annealing them at 200 °C and 500 °C. The results show that the WO3coated glass with non-annealed and annealed at 200 °C has a high transmittance of visible light and anti-infrared characteristics. However, the WO3coated glass annealed at 500 °C has high infrared transmittance, with the highest infrared transmittance reaching 85% at the 1000 nm wavelength. To improve the heat collecting efficiency of solar water heaters, the high infrared WO3coated glass can be applied to the surface of the heat collecting component.

Preparation and Properties of Multiferroic La-Doped BiFeO3 Thin Film

2012 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Zhang ◽  
Xi Wei Qi ◽  
Jian Quan Qi ◽  
Xuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Remanent Polarization ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
La Doped

Multiferroic La-doped Bi1-xLaxFeO3 thin films were prepared on conductive indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrates through a simple sol-gel process. The crystal structure of La-doped Bi1-xLaxFeO3 thin films annealed at different temperature was determined to be rhombohedral of R3m space and free of secondary phases. The grain size of La-doped BiFeO3 thin films tends to become larger and the grain boundary is gradually ambiguous compared to pure BiFeO3. The double remanent polarization 2Pr of Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 thin film annealed at 500°C is 6.66 µC/cm2, which is slightly improved than that of pure BiFeO3 thin film. With the increase of La-doping levels, the dielectric constant is increased and the dielectric loss is obviously decreased.

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