scholarly journals Kinetic Study on Microwave-Assisted Oligomerization of 1-Decene over a HY Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Snunkheam Echaroj ◽  
Channarong Asavatesanupap ◽  
Sumaeth Chavadej ◽  
Malee Santikunaporn
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Production Route ◽  
Branched Hydrocarbons ◽  
Alpha Olefin ◽  
Apparent Activation Energies ◽  
Dimerization Reaction

A promising production route for a high-quality base stock for lubricants is the oligomerization of high molecular-weight olefins in a high energy efficiency system. Oligomerization of 1-decene (C10) was conducted in a microwave-assisted system over a HY zeolite catalyst at different reaction temperatures and times. Higher reaction temperature resulted in increasing formation of dimers and trimers. The oligomerization reaction yielded 80% conversion, 54.2% dimer product, 22.3% trimer product and 3.4% heavier product at 483 K for a reaction time of 3 h. The best fit kinetic model for the dimerization reaction was formulated from an assumption of no vacant reaction sites. For the trimerization reaction, a molecule of dimer (C20) formed on the active site, interacted with a molecule of 1-decene in the bulk solution to form a molecule of trimer (C30). Apparent activation energies for the dimerization and trimerization reactions were 70.8 ± 0.8 and 83.6 ± 0.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The C13-NMR spectrum indicated that the oligomer product contained a significant portion of highly branched hydrocarbons, causing a substantial reduction in the viscosity index compared to conventional poly-alpha olefin lubricant (PAO).

scholarly journals Bromate anion reduction: novel autocatalytic (EC″) mechanism of electrochemical processes. Its implication for redox flow batteries of high energy and power densities

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1429-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev ◽  
Anatoly E. Antipov ◽  
Dmıtry V. Konev
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Redox Couple ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Ec Mechanism ◽  
Tracer Amount ◽  
Very High

Abstract Recent theoretical studies of the bromate electroreduction from strongly acidic solution have been overviewed in view of very high redox-charge and energy densities of this process making it attractive for electric energy sources. Keeping in mind non-electroactivity of the bromate ion the possibility to ensure its rapid transformation via a redox-mediator cycle (EC′ mechanism) is analyzed. Alternative route via the bromine/bromide redox couple and the comproportionation reaction inside the solution phase is considered within the framework of several theoretical approaches based on the conventional Nernst layer model, or on its recently proposed advanced version (Generalized Nernst layer model), on the convective diffusion transport equations. This analysis has revealed that this process corresponds to a novel (EC″) electrochemical mechanism since the transformation of the principal oxidant (bromate) is carried out via autocatalytic redox cycle where the bromate consumption leads to progressive accumulation of the bromine/bromide redox couple catalyzing the process. As a result, even a tracer amount of its component, bromine, in the bulk solution leads under certain conditions to extremely high current densities which may even overcome the diffusion-limited one for bromate, i.e. be well over 1 A/cm2 for concentrated bromate solutions. This analysis allows one to expect that the hydrogen–bromate flow battery may generate very high values of both the current density and specific electric power, over 1 A/cm2 and 1 W/cm2.

scholarly journals Proof of concept of wastewater treatment via passive aeration SND using a novel zeolite amended biofilm reactor

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 2204-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Raphael Marie-Guillaume Flavigny ◽  
Md Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Wipa Charles ◽  
Ralf Cord-Ruwisch
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency

Abstract The current paper describes a novel passive aeration simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (PASND) zeolite amended biofilm reactor that removes organic carbon and nitrogen from wastewater with low-energy consumption. Next to the ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), this reactor contained naturally enriched glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) and zeolite powder to initially adsorb BOD (acetate) and ammonium (NH4+-N) from synthetic wastewater under anaerobic conditions. Draining of the treated wastewater exposed the biofilm directly to air enabling low-energy oxygen supply by passive aeration. This allowed the adsorbed ammonium to be oxidized by the AOB and the produced nitrite and nitrate to be reduced simultaneously by the GAOs using the adsorbed BOD (stored as PHAs) as carbon source. Overall, with an operation mode of 1 h anaerobic and 4 h aerobic phase, the nutrient removal efficiency after single treatment was about 94.3% for BOD and 72.2% for nitrogen (NH4+-N). As high-energy aeration of the bulk solution for oxygen supply is completely avoided, the energy requirement of the proposed PASND biofilm reactor can be theoretically cut down to more than 50% compared to the traditional activated sludge process.

Yields Performance of Automotive Paint Sludge via Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakiuddin Januri ◽  
Norazah Bt Abdul Rahman ◽  
Siti Shawalliah Idris ◽  
Sharmeela Matali ◽  
Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Automotive Paint ◽  
Optimum Weight ◽  
Paint Sludge

This paper reported on the product yield of automotive paint sludge via microwave assisted pyrolysis. By having an optimum weight sample loading and power level at 500g and 1000W respectively, optimum product in terms of liquid yields has been obtained. This desired liquid product comprised hydrocarbon material since it contains oil layer and almost 40% of the product can be recovered from the automotive paint sludge with an optimum microwave parameter. Furthermore, the liquid product has a potential to be used as fuel since it exhibit high energy content at 22.6 MJ/kg.

An investigation of dielectric breakdown on a pressurized, flowing oil switch - WITHDRAWN

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter A. Norgard
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Breakdown Electric Field ◽  
Alpha Olefin ◽  
Oil Flow

WITHDRAWN - [ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] In the not-so-distant future, a need is foreseen for a high-performance, compact switch that is capable of repetitively switching kilovolts to megavolts and several hundred joules, all while delivering a square pulse with a fast current rise time. Many industrial and military applications currently exist that could take advantage of these operating characteristics, and many more are surely to be developed in the coming years. The proposed approach to realizing the goal of producing a fast rise time, high voltage, high energy, repetitive switch technology is to employ a pressurized, flowing oil dielectric switching medium. Oil pressure and oil flow will be used to increase the rate of dielectric recovery following a high energy discharge, thus enabling a much higher operating repetition frequency; oil pressure will be utilized to control gaseous switching byproducts, and oil flow will be utilized to control solid and gaseous switching byproducts. The well-known increase in breakdown electric field strength with increasing oil pressure will be utilized to reduce the gap separation, thus reducing the inductance of the electrical arc and increasing the rise time of the current pulse produced during breakdown. An experiment was designed and undertaken to evaluate the complete statistical performance of the breakdown electric field of an emerging dielectric liquid, poly-[alpha]olefin, with respect to variations in oil pressure, oil flow rate, peak rate of rise of the voltage, and gap separation.

Bifunctional iron disulfide nanoellipsoids for high energy density supercapacitor and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqin Sun ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Huiming Lin ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Iron Disulfide ◽  
Excellent Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Microwave Assisted Method

FeS2, prepared using a rapid microwave assisted method, exhibits excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitor and OER applications.

Fabrication of Kevlar®-reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite through microwave-assisted compression molding for body armor applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 073168442095944
Author(s):  
Taresh Guleria ◽  
Nishant Verma ◽  
Sunny Zafar ◽  
Vivek Jain
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Testing ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

Kevlar®-reinforced composites are used in high energy absorption applications. In the present work, Kevlar®-reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites were fabricated through microwave-assisted compression molding. The microwave-assisted compression molding parameters were optimized through trial and error method. Analysis of mechanical behavior of composites was accessed through uniaxial tensile testing, flexural testing, impact testing, and nano-indentation. The fractured specimens were observed using scanning electron microscopy. An increment of 92.2% was observed in the ultimate tensile strength of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene/Kevlar® composite compared to neat ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Flexural properties, impact energy absorption rate, and hardness property of the composite were increased by 27.1%, 91.6%, and 4.77%, respectively, compared to pure ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Enhanced mechanical properties may be attributed to unique microwave heating phenomena during microwave-assisted compression molding.

scholarly journals Novel Microwave-Assisted Method of Y2Ti2O7 Powder Synthesis

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5621
Author(s):  
Vladimir Chishkala ◽  
Serhiy Lytovchenko ◽  
Bohdan Mazilin ◽  
Edwin Gevorkyan ◽  
Vladimir Shkuropatenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Powder Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Pyrochlore Type ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Solvent Chemistry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Microwave Assisted Method

In the paper, a novel technique for highly dispersed pyrochlore Y2Ti2O7 is proposed. The experimental results proved that the application of microwave irradiation at a certain stage of calcination allowed synthesizing of Y2Ti2O7 in much shorter time, which ensured substantial energy savings. An increase up to 98 wt.% in the content of the preferred phase with a pyrochlore-type structure Y2Ti2O7 was obtained after 25 h of yttrium and titanium oxides calcination at a relatively low temperature of 1150 °C, while the microwave-supported process took only 9 h and provided 99 wt.% of pyrochlore. The proposed technology is suitable for industrial applications, enabling the fabrication of large industrial amounts of pyrochlore without solvent chemistry and high-energy mills. It reduced the cost of both equipment and energy and made the process more environmentally friendly. The particle size and morphology did not change significantly; therefore, the microwave-assisted method can fully replace the traditional one.

A simple, economical one-pot microwave assisted synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene for high energy supercapacitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 135999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domga ◽  
Manickavasakam Karnan ◽  
Fatai Oladoyinbo ◽  
Guy Bertrand Noumi ◽  
Jean Bosco Tchatchueng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Co Doped

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of High-Energy Faceted TiO2 Nanocrystals Derived from Exfoliated Porous Metatitanic Acid Nanosheets with Improved Photocatalytic and Photovoltaic Performance

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-en Du ◽  
Xianjun Niu ◽  
Wanxi Li ◽  
Jing An ◽  
Yufang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Tio2 Nanocrystals ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Metatitanic Acid

A facile one-pot microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of rutile TiO2 quadrangular prisms with dominant {110} facets, anatase TiO2 nanorods and square nanoprisms with co-exposed {101}/[111] facets, anatase TiO2 nanorhombuses with co-exposed {101}/{010} facets, and anatase TiO2 nanospindles with dominant {010} facets were reported through the use of exfoliated porous metatitanic acid nanosheets as a precursor. The nanostructures and the formation reaction mechanism of the obtained rutile and anatase TiO2 nanocrystals from the delaminated nanosheets were investigated. The transformation from the exfoliated metatitanic nanosheets with distorted hexagonal cavities to TiO2 nanocrystals involved a dissolution reaction of the nanosheets, nucleation of the primary [TiO6]8− monomers, and the growth of rutile-type and anatase-type TiO2 nuclei during the microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction. In addition, the photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared anatase nanocrystals were evaluated through the photocatalytic degradation of typical carcinogenic and mutagenic methyl orange (MO) under UV-light irradiation at a normal temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance of the synthesized anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with various morphologies and crystal facets was also characterized. The {101}/[111]-faceted pH2.5-T175 nanocrystal showed the highest photocatalytic and photovoltaic performance compared to the other TiO2 samples, which could be attributed mainly to its minimum particle size and maximum specific surface area.

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