scholarly journals Functional Characterization of the Photosynthetic Machinery in Smicronix Galls on the Parasitic Plant Cuscuta campestris by JIP-Test

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Lyuben Zagorchev ◽  
Alexandra Atanasova ◽  
Ivanela Albanova ◽  
Anelia Traianova ◽  
Petko Mladenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Jip Test ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery

Members of the genus Cuscuta are generally considered to be non-photosynthetic, stem-holoparasitic flowering plants. Under certain circumstances, at least some members of the genus are capable of limited photosynthesis. The galls of the Smicronyx weevils formed on Cuscuta campestris are particularly rich in chlorophylls compared to the stem of the parasitic plant. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the photosynthetic activity in the inner and outer gall cortices in comparison to the non-photosynthetic stems and a reference plant (Arabidopsis thaliana). The recorded prompt chlorophyll fluorescence transients were analyzed using JIP test. Detailed analysis of the chlorophyll fluorescence confirmed the presence of actively functioning photosynthetic machinery, especially in the inner cortex of the galls. This photosynthesis, induced by the insect larvae, did not reach the levels of the photosynthetic activity in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Thylakoid protein complexes were identified by separation with two-dimensional Blue Native/SDS PAGE. It appeared that some of the complexes presented in A. thaliana are missing in C. campestris. We hypothesize that the insect-triggered transition from non-photosynthetic to photosynthetic tissue in the gall is driven by the increased requirements for nutrients related to the larval nutrition.

scholarly journals A new galling insect model enhances photosynthetic activity in an obligate holoparasitic plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Murakami ◽  
Ryo Ushima ◽  
Ryoma Sugimoto ◽  
Daisuke Tamaoki ◽  
Ichirou Karahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Plant Morphogenesis ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Forming Behaviour ◽  
Outer Environment

AbstractInsect-induced galls are microhabitats distinct from the outer environment that support inhabitants by providing improved nutrients, defence against enemies, and other unique features. It is intriguing as to how insects reprogram and modify plant morphogenesis. Because most of the gall systems are formed on trees, it is difficult to maintain them in laboratories and to comprehend the mechanisms operative in them through experimental manipulations. Herein, we propose a new model insect, Smicronyx madaranus, for studying the mechanisms of gall formation. This weevil forms spherical galls on the shoots of Cuscuta campestris, an obligate parasitic plant. We established a stable system for breeding and maintaining this ecologically intriguing insect in the laboratory, and succeeded in detailed analyses of the gall-forming behaviour, gall formation process, and histochemical and physiological features. Parasitic C. campestris depends on host plants for its nutrients, and usually shows low chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity. We demonstrate that S. madaranus-induced galls have significantly increased CO2 absorbance. Moreover, chloroplasts and starch accumulated in gall tissues at locations inhabited by the weevil larvae. These results suggest that the gall-inducing weevils enhance the photosynthetic activity in C. campestris, and modify the plant tissue to a nutrient-rich shelter for them.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis Accessions Selection Is Crucial: Insight from Photosynthetic Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9866
Author(s):  
Joanna Wójtowicz ◽  
Katarzyna B. Gieczewska
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein Complexes ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein ◽  
Pigment Distribution ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Characteristic Features

Natural genetic variation in photosynthesis is strictly associated with the remarkable adaptive plasticity observed amongst Arabidopsis thaliana accessions derived from environmentally distinct regions. Exploration of the characteristic features of the photosynthetic machinery could reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying those traits. In this study, we performed a detailed characterisation and comparison of photosynthesis performance and spectral properties of the photosynthetic apparatus in the following selected Arabidopsis thaliana accessions commonly used in laboratories as background lines: Col-0, Col-1, Col-2, Col-8, Ler-0, and Ws-2. The main focus was to distinguish the characteristic disparities for every accession in photosynthetic efficiency that could be accountable for their remarkable plasticity to adapt. The biophysical and biochemical analysis of the thylakoid membranes in control conditions revealed differences in lipid-to-protein contribution, Chlorophyll-to-Carotenoid ratio (Chl/Car), and xanthophyll cycle pigment distribution among accessions. We presented that such changes led to disparities in the arrangement of the Chlorophyll-Protein complexes, the PSI/PSII ratio, and the lateral mobility of the thylakoid membrane, with the most significant aberrations detected in the Ler-0 and Ws-2 accessions. We concluded that selecting an accession suitable for specific research on the photosynthetic process is essential for optimising the experiment.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis thaliana G3BP Ortholog Rescues Mammalian Stress Granule Phenotype across Kingdoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6287
Author(s):  
Hendrik Reuper ◽  
Benjamin Götte ◽  
Lucy Williams ◽  
Timothy J. C. Tan ◽  
Gerald M. McInerney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Marker Proteins ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Rna Protein Complexes

Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic RNA–protein complexes localized in the cytoplasm that rapidly form under stress conditions and disperse when normal conditions are restored. The formation of SGs depends on the Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP). Formations, interactions and functions of plant and human SGs are strikingly similar, suggesting a conserved mechanism. However, functional analyses of plant G3BPs are missing. Thus, members of the Arabidopsis thaliana G3BP (AtG3BP) protein family were investigated in a complementation assay in a human G3BP knock-out cell line. It was shown that two out of seven AtG3BPs were able to complement the function of their human homolog. GFP-AtG3BP fusion proteins co-localized with human SG marker proteins Caprin-1 and eIF4G1 and restored SG formation in G3BP double KO cells. Interaction between AtG3BP-1 and -7 and known human G3BP interaction partners such as Caprin-1 and USP10 was also demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. In addition, an RG/RGG domain exchange from Arabidopsis G3BP into the human G3BP background showed the ability for complementation. In summary, our results support a conserved mechanism of SG function over the kingdoms, which will help to further elucidate the biological function of the Arabidopsis G3BP protein family.

scholarly journals Probing the biogenesis pathway and dynamics of thylakoid membranes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Huokko ◽  
Tao Ni ◽  
Gregory F. Dykes ◽  
Deborah M. Simpson ◽  
Philip Brownridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Electron Flux ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
Thylakoid Biogenesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Complexes ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Pcc 7942

AbstractHow thylakoid membranes are generated to form a metabolically active membrane network and how thylakoid membranes orchestrate the insertion and localization of protein complexes for efficient electron flux remain elusive. Here, we develop a method to modulate thylakoid biogenesis in the rod-shaped cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 by modulating light intensity during cell growth, and probe the spatial-temporal stepwise biogenesis process of thylakoid membranes in cells. Our results reveal that the plasma membrane and regularly arranged concentric thylakoid layers have no physical connections. The newly synthesized thylakoid membrane fragments emerge between the plasma membrane and pre-existing thylakoids. Photosystem I monomers appear in the thylakoid membranes earlier than other mature photosystem assemblies, followed by generation of Photosystem I trimers and Photosystem II complexes. Redistribution of photosynthetic complexes during thylakoid biogenesis ensures establishment of the spatial organization of the functional thylakoid network. This study provides insights into the dynamic biogenesis process and maturation of the functional photosynthetic machinery.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity of variegated leaves of Coleus * hybridus hort. cultivars characterised by chlorophyll fluorescence techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Borek ◽  
R. Baczek-Kwinta ◽  
M. Rapacz
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Fluorescence Techniques

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of DEAD-Box RNA Helicases in Arabidopsis thaliana under Abiotic Stress Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1563-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sun Kim ◽  
Kyung Ae Kim ◽  
Tae Rin Oh ◽  
Chul Min Park ◽  
Hunseung Kang
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Rna Helicases ◽  
Dead Box

Bioinformatic and functional characterization of the basic peroxidase 72 from Arabidopsis thaliana involved in lignin biosynthesis

Planta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 237 (6) ◽  
pp. 1599-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Herrero ◽  
Francisco Fernández-Pérez ◽  
Tatiana Yebra ◽  
Esther Novo-Uzal ◽  
Federico Pomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis
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