scholarly journals New Insights into Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Adaptation to Exercise; A Review Focusing on Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Mitochondrial Function, Mitophagy and Autophagy

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2639
Author(s):  
Fiona Louise Roberts ◽  
Greg Robert Markby
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adaptation To Exercise

Exercise itself is fundamental for good health, and when practiced regularly confers a myriad of metabolic benefits in a range of tissues. These benefits are mediated by a range of adaptive responses in a coordinated, multi-organ manner. The continued understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action which confer beneficial effects of exercise on the body will identify more specific pathways which can be manipulated by therapeutic intervention in order to prevent or treat various metabolism-associated diseases. This is particularly important as exercise is not an available option to all and so novel methods must be identified to confer the beneficial effects of exercise in a therapeutic manner. This review will focus on key emerging molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and mitophagy in selected, highly metabolic tissues, describing their regulation and contribution to beneficial adaptations to exercise.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics in Intestinal Diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. O'Hara ◽  
Fergus Shanahan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Role ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Intestinal microbiota is a positive health asset that exerts a conditioning effect on intestinal homeostasis. Resident bacteria deliver regulatory signals to the epithelium and instruct mucosal immune responses. Recent research has revealed a potential therapeutic role for the manipulation of the microbiota and exploitation of host-microbial signalling pathways in the maintenance of human health and treatment of various mucosal disorders. A variety of pharmabiotic strategies, such as the use of specific members of the microbiota, their surface components, or metabolites, as well as genetically modified commensal bacteria, are being investigated for their ability to enhance the beneficial components of the microbiota. It is clear that engagement with host cells is central to pharmabiotic action, and several strain-specific mechanisms of action have been elucidated. However, the molecular details underpinning these mechanisms remain almost entirely unknown. Understanding how pharmabiotics exert their beneficial effects is critical for the establishment of definitive selection criteria for certain pharmabiotic strategies for specific clinical conditions. Scientifically accredited evidence of efficacy and studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of host-microbiota interactions are needed to lend credence to the use of pharmabiotic strategies in clinical medicine.

scholarly journals The Use of Chinese Yang/Qi-Invigorating Tonic Botanical Drugs/Herbal Formulations in Ameliorating Chronic Kidney Disease by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Tian ◽  
Yuqi Huang ◽  
Tong Wu ◽  
Hsien-Da Huang ◽  
Kam Ming Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Herbal Formulations

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as a key factor in the development of CKD. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, many Chinese Yang/Qi-invigorating botanical drugs/herbal formulations have been shown to produce promising outcomes in the clinical management of CKD. Experimental studies have indicated that the health-promoting action of Yang/Qi invigoration in TCM is related to the up-regulation of mitochondrial energy generation and antioxidant status.Objective: In this review, we aim to test whether Chinese Yang/Qi-invigorating tonic botanical drugs/herbal formulations can provide medical benefits in CKD and its complications. And we also explore the possible involvement of mitochondrial-associated signaling pathway underlying the beneficial effects of Yang/Qi invigoration in TCM.Methods: A systematic search of “PubMed”, “China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)” and “Google Scholar” was carried out to collect all the available articles in English or Chinese related to Chinese Yang/Qi-invigorating tonic botanical drugs/herbal formulations and their effects on mitochondrial function and chronic kidney disease.Result and Discussion: The relationship between the progression of CKD and mitochondrial function is discussed. The effects of Chinese Yang/Qi-invigorating tonic botanical drugs/herbal formulations and their active ingredients, including phytosterols/triterpenes, flavonoids, and dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, on CKD and related alterations in mitochondrial signaling pathways are also presented in this review. In the future, exploration of the possible beneficial effects and clinical studies of more Yang- and Qi-invigorating botanical drugs/herbal formulations in the prevention and/or/treatment of CKD and the molecular mechanisms relating to the enhancement of mitochondrial functions warrants further investigation.Conclusion: Given the critical role of mitochondrial function in safeguarding renal functional integrity, the enhancement of mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant status in kidney tissue is likely involved in renal protection. Future studies on the biochemical and chemical basis underlying the effects of Chinese Yang/Qi-invigorating tonic botanical drugs/herbal formulations from a mitochondrial perspective will hopefully provide novel insights into the rational development of new drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of CKD.

An ANATOMICAL EXPLANATION OF ABHYANGA (AN AYURVEDIC MASSAGE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohini Diliprao Deshpande Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Normal State ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health It ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
Compact Body

INTRODUCTION-  Acharya Sushruta defines health it follows the Doshas must be in equilibrium, the digestive fire must be in a balanced state & the tissue (Dhatus) & Malas (waste) must work in normal state. The sensory & motar organs & mind, atma must be also in a pleasant state. Such person is called a healthy person or Sawastha. so it is clear that maintain a good health was for the longevity of life. Maharishi Charaka has used term ‘Samhanan’ to denotes the compactness of body. A compact body is characterized by symmetrical & well divided bones, joint, muscles, bloods. An individual having a compact body is very strong otherwise he is weak. Aabhyanga is the therapeutic intervention of panchkarma in which the body is treated with simple or medicated oil on particular body part according to need. Whenever these is a discomfort or uneasiness over the body we unknowowingly try to soothe it through massage AIM: To Study Anatomical Explanation Of Abhyanga (An Ayurvedic Massage) OBJECTIVE: 1. Detail Study of Abhyanga Study about Shatang Sharir RESULT: Aabhyanga a procedure of panchkarma in which the body is treated with simple or medicated oil on particular body part according to need. CONCLUSION: Thus we can conclude that Anatomical knowledge of Shadanga Sharir is quite beneficial while attempting the process of Abhyanga.

scholarly journals Comprehensive skin care with cosmetic preparations, dietary supplements and functional food

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
Joanna Grzyb ◽  
◽  
Sebastian Grzyb ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Quality Food

Diet and consumption of appropriate quality food products are one of the most important elements for good health and condition of the whole organism, including a proper appearance and healthy skin. The condition of the body and the skin is also influenced by additional dietary supplements, synthetic multi-ingredient preparations, especially the ones containing ingredients selected for their beneficial effects on the skin. The aim of the study was to describe the influence of dietary supplementation and the functional food for the condition of the skin, including preparations containing various nutrients and special-purpose food, which can have a beneficial effect on the skin and its healthy appearance. The scope of the work includes a review of literature and sources in the field of dietetics and cosmetology.

scholarly journals Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Healthy Aging

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Elisa Sanchez-Morate ◽  
Lucia Gimeno-Mallench ◽  
Kristine Stromsnes ◽  
Jorge Sanz-Ros ◽  
Aurora Román-Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Medical Advances

Due to medical advances and lifestyle changes, population life expectancy has increased. For this reason, it is important to achieve healthy aging by reducing the risk factors causing damage and pathologies associated with age. Through nutrition, one of the pillars of health, we are able to modify these factors through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. The Mediterranean and Oriental diets are proof of this, as well as the components present in them, such as fiber and polyphenols. These generate beneficial effects on the body thanks, in part, to their interaction with intestinal bacteria. Likewise, the low consumption of products with high fat content favors the state of the microbiota, contributing to the maintenance of good health.

Punicalagin improves hepatic lipid metabolism via modulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis in hyperlipidemic mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 9624-9633
Author(s):  
Ke Cao ◽  
Kexin Wang ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
Xuyun Liu ◽  
Weiqiang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Punicalagin (PU) from pomegranate exerts beneficial effects on acute hyperlipidemia-induced hepatic abnormalities via regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function.

scholarly journals FGF21 as a mediator of adaptive responses to stress and metabolic benefits of anti-diabetic drugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kook Hwan Kim ◽  
Myung-Shik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Most hormones secreted from specific organs of the body in response to diverse stimuli contribute to the homeostasis of the whole organism. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone induced by a variety of environmental or metabolic stimuli, plays a crucial role in the adaptive response to these stressful conditions. In addition to its role as a stress hormone, FGF21 appears to function as a mediator of the therapeutic effects of currently available drugs and those under development for treatment of metabolic diseases. In this review, we highlight molecular mechanisms and the functional importance of FGF21 induction in response to diverse stress conditions such as changes of nutritional status, cold exposure, and exercise. In addition, we describe recent findings regarding the role of FGF21 in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes associated with obesity, liver diseases, pancreatitis, muscle atrophy, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic nephropathy. Finally, we discuss the current understanding of the actions of FGF21 as a crucial regulator mediating beneficial metabolic effects of therapeutic agents such as metformin, glucagon/glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues, thiazolidinedione, sirtuin 1 activators, and lipoic acid.

scholarly journals Chronic Estradiol exposure-harmful effects on behavior, cardiovascular and reproductive functions

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheba M.j. MohanKumar ◽  
Priya Balasubramanian ◽  
Madhan Subramanian ◽  
P.s. MohanKumar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Neuroendocrine System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Specific Effects

Estradiol (E2) is a female hormone that is produced largely by the ovaries, but also by the adrenal glands, fat and liver. It is present in the circulation of both males and females. Many studies in the literature have described how E2 is beneficial to the body in terms of preventing bone loss, affording protection in ischemia reperfusion injury, relieving symptoms of menopause, maintaining vaginal health, and helping with ovarian failure or hypogonadism. Beneficial effects on the brain have been reported to include protection against memory loss, neuronal degeneration, changes in cognition, mood and behavior. However, the effects of E2 exposure on the neuroendocrine system have not been understood completely. This is because differences in doses, preparation and duration of exposure have produced variable results ranging from beneficial, to no change, or to detrimental. Studies in our lab over the last few years have shown that chronic exposures to low levels of E2 in young rats can produce specific effects on the neuroendocrine system. We have observed that these exposures can induce reproductive senescence, hypertension, anxiety-like behavior, and cause degenerative changes in specific neuronal populations leading to hyperprolactinemia. The purpose of the review is to present evidence from the literature for these effects and to discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.

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