scholarly journals Autophagy and Nutrients Management in Plants

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Shinozaki ◽  
Luo ◽  
Pottier ◽  
Havé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Nutrient Remobilization ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Process Plant

Nutrient recycling and mobilization from organ to organ all along the plant lifespan is essential for plant survival under changing environments. Nutrient remobilization to the seeds is also essential for good seed production. In this review, we summarize the recent advances made to understand how plants manage nutrient remobilization from senescing organs to sink tissues and what is the contribution of autophagy in this process. Plant engineering manipulating autophagy for better yield and plant tolerance to stresses will be presented.

scholarly journals Shortleaf Pine Seed Production in Natural Stands in the Ouachita and Ozark Mountains

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Shelton ◽  
Robert F. Wittwer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Ozark Mountains ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Production Areas

Abstract Seed production of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) was monitored from 1965 to 1974 to determine the periodicity of seed crops in both woods-run stands and seed-production areas. One bumper and two good seed crops occurred during the 9-yr period. The two largest crops occurred in successive years, then seed production was low for 4 yr before another good crop occurred. Mean annual seed production ranged from 84,000/ac in the western Ouachitas to 167,000/ac in seed-production areas in the southern Ozarks. Certain stand-level variables significantly influenced seed production. Seed production was positively related to stand age and negatively related to pine and hardwood basal areas; although frequently significant, no consistent relationship occurred with stand elevation. Results indicate that shortleaf pine seed production will usually be adequate for natural regeneration within most of the study area. South. J. Appl. For. 20(2):74-80.

The effects of frequency and extent of defoliation, summer irrigation, and fertilizer on the production and survival of the grass Danthonia caespitosa Gaud

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Growth And Survival

The effects of extent and frequency of defoliation on the growth and survival of Danthonia caespitosa were measured in a series of field experiments. Additional treatments, of summer irrigation and application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, were included in some of the experiments to assess how they modified the effects of defoliation. During the summer, complete defoliation increased the shoot yield of plants which had not been irrigated, but yield was decreased in the irrigated treatments. Frequent, partial defoliation increased yields of irrigated plants but decreased yields of plants not irrigated. Depression of yields was caused by both tiller death and reduced regrowth of individual tillers. In an experiment lasting 2 years, plants were completely defoliated monthly, bimonthly or tri-monthly or left intact, and shoot yields, tillering characteristics and plant survival under the treatments were compared. Monthly defoliation depressed yields and rate of tillering and accelerated the death rate of plants, particularly during the summer and autumn periods. Plants also died when cut bimonthly but the rate was slower. Plants irrigated during the first summer generally died at a faster rate than plants not irrigated. Tillering was more rapid during the autumn and early winter months. Midwinter application of fertilizer to plants cut bimonthly greatly stimulated shoot yields and seed production in the spring but not in the following year. Examination of tiller apices showed that floral induction took place prior to the beginning of July. Many apices were elevated above the 'grazing level' by early September, and flowering and seed set occurred in October.

Izmir subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. var. subterraneum)

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. H. Nichols ◽  
G. A. Sandral ◽  
B. S. Dear ◽  
C. T. de Koning ◽  
D. L. Lloyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pasture Legume

Izmir is a hardseeded, early flowering, subterranean clover of var. subterraneum (Katz. et Morley) Zohary and Heller collected from Turkey and developed by the collaborating organisations of the National Annual Pasture Legume Improvement Program. It is a more hardseeded replacement for Nungarin and best suited to well-drained, moderately acidic soils in areas with a growing season of less than 4.5 months. Izmir seed production and regeneration densities in 3-year pasture phases were similar to Nungarin in 21 trials across southern Australia, but markedly greater in years following a crop or no seed set. Over all measurements, Izmir produced 10% more winter herbage and 7% more spring herbage than Nungarin. Its greater hardseededness and good seed production, makes it better suited to cropping rotations than Nungarin. Softening of Izmir hard seeds occurs later in the summer–autumn period than Nungarin, giving it slightly greater protection from seed losses following false breaks to the season. Izmir is recommended for sowing in Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Queensland. Izmir has been granted Plant Breeders Rights in Australia.

Cross-resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase–inhibiting herbicides conferred by a target-site mutation in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) from Argentina

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Yanniccari ◽  
Ramón Gigón
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Resistant Population

AbstractIn Argentina, Lolium spp. occur in 40% of winter cereal crops from the Pampas. Several years ago, cases of glyphosate-resistant perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were detected, and the use of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides to eradicate these plants has been considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of a putative pinoxaden-resistant L. perenne population to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Around 80% of plants from the putative resistant population survived at a recommended dose of pinoxaden, and they produced viable seeds. The resistance indices (RIs) to pinoxaden were 5.1 and 2.8 for plant survival and seed production, respectively. A single point mutation that conferred a Asp-2078-Gly substitution in ACCase was the source of the resistance. To match the plant control achieved in the susceptible population, the resistant population required 5.4- and 10.4-fold greater doses of clethodim and quizalofop, respectively. RIs for viable seed production when treated with clethodim and quizalofop were 3.3 and 6.6, respectively. The Asp-2078-Gly mutation endowed significant levels of resistance to pinoxaden, clethodim, and quizalofop. For three herbicides, the level of resistance of a pinoxaden-resistant L. perenne population to ACCase inhibitors was evaluated, based on an evaluation of dose response for plant survival and seed production. The RIs were higher for plant survival than for seed production. In Argentina, the selection pressure associated with clethodim and haloxifop preplant application and pinoxaden use on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops, would have favored the propagation of the Asp-2078-Gly mutation with its associated resistance.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid is a key player of Arabidopsis autophagy mutant susceptibility to the necrotrophic bacterium Dickeya dadantii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Rigault ◽  
Sylvie Citerne ◽  
Céline Masclaux-Daubresse ◽  
Alia Dellagi
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Dickeya Dadantii ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Sa Signaling ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Main Factor

AbstractAutophagy is a ubiquitous vesicular process for protein and organelle recycling in eukaryotes. In plant, autophagy is reported to play pivotal roles in nutrient recycling, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The role of autophagy in plant immunity remains poorly understood. Several reports showed enhanced susceptibility of different Arabidopsis autophagy mutants (atg) to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Interaction of necrotrophic bacterial pathogens with autophagy is overlooked. We then investigated such interaction by inoculating the necrotrophic enterobacterium Dickeya dadantii in leaves of the atg2 and atg5 mutants and an ATG8a overexpressing line. Overexpressing ATG8a enhances plant tolerance to D. dadantii. While atg5 mutant displayed similar susceptibility to the WT, the atg2 mutant exhibited accelerated leaf senescence and enhanced susceptibility upon infection. Both phenotypes were reversed when the sid2 mutation, abolishing SA signaling, was introduced in the atg2 mutant. High levels of SA signaling in atg2 mutant resulted in repression of the jasmonic acid (JA) defense pathway known to limit D. dadantii progression in A. thaliana. We provide evidence that in atg2 mutant, the disturbed hormonal balance leading to higher SA signaling is the main factor causing increased susceptibility to the D. dadantii necrotroph by repressing the JA pathway and accelerating developmental senescence.

Recent Advances in Colour-Tunable Soft Actuators

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhe Nie ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Xuemin Du
Keyword(s):  
Changing Environments ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Soft Actuators

In nature, some creatures have the capabilities to change shapes to adapt to ever-changing environments, which greatly inspire researchers to develop soft actuators. To endow soft actuators with capabilities to...

scholarly journals Annual seed growing of beets.

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
S.J. Wellensiek ◽  
K. Verkerk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Supplementary Lighting ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Growing

Experiments were carried out at Wageningen to develop a practical method of seed production from beet in one year. It was shown that natural cold, affecting plants sown in frames at the beginning of January, had a stronger flower promoting effect than artificial vernalization. Supplementary lighting to extend the photoperiod to 24 hours markedly increased the number of good seed plants. Early sowing plus supplementary light until transplanting with the varieties Egyptische Platronde and Noord-Hollandse Bleekblad increased the percentage of good seed plants, to 96-100%. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals 091 Cytogenetics of Inland Saltgrass

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 457B-457
Author(s):  
Scott Reid ◽  
Judy Harrington ◽  
Harrison Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Distichlis Spicata ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Poor Seed

Inland saltgrass, Distichlis spicata var. stricta (Torr.) Beetle, is a native western U.S. grass that has potential in turf situations. Elite clones with outstanding potential have been selected. Poor seed production appears to be the main limiting factor for its use as turf in saline conditions. In order to better understand seed set, 40 genotypes were examined for chromosome number and morphology. Chromosome numbers of root tip metaphase spreads varied with the most common being 2n = 38. However, chromosome numbers of 39, 40, 42, and 74 were also observed. Meiotic examination of anthers revealed 19 bivalents for those with 38 chromosomes while those with 42 had 20 bivalents with 2 unpaired chromosomes. The unpaired chromosomes lagged at anaphase. Crosses among genotypes of different chromosome number have resulted in good seed set. Harvested seed are germinable and plants from these crosses are being grown for further studies.

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