scholarly journals Social Skills in Preschool Children from Teachers’ Perspectives

Children ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Maleki ◽  
Minoo Mitra Chehrzad ◽  
Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli ◽  
Abbas Mardani ◽  
Mojtaba Vaismoradi
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Teachers Perspectives

Preschool is one of the most important periods in a child’s life, and it can influence their social development. A lack of attention to this important life period can increase the risk of serious injuries to a child’s growth and development. The aim of this study was to examine the level of social skills in preschool children from teachers’ perspectives and investigate the relationship between social skills and the child’s environmental and cultural background. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 546 children studying in the preschool centers of Rasht city, Iran. They were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data was gathered using the children’s and teachers’ demographic questionnaire and the Social Skills Rating System-Teachers (SSRS-T). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis via SPSS software. It was found that the majority of children had moderate skills in terms of cooperation, assertion, self-control, and total social skills. Also, a statistically significant association was reported between total social skill scores and the mother’s age, mother’s education level, mother’s job, family’s income, teacher teaching experiences, and number of children in each classroom. The Iranian children were at a relatively low risk of problems with social skills. To improve children’s social skills, more attention should be paid to factors related to familial and socioeconomic status such as income, parents’ education level, maternal age, teacher’s selection for this age group, and number of children in each classroom.

scholarly journals Coping strategies and characteristics of the nursing staff of a private hospital

Rev Rene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Raquel Rieth Benetti ◽  
Eniva Miladi Fernandes Stumm ◽  
Teresinha Heck Weiller ◽  
Karla De Melo Batista ◽  
Luis Felipe Dias Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: to analyze the relationships between sociodemographic/functional characteristics and the coping strategiesused by the nursing staff of a private hospital. Methods: it is a quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study developedwith 209 nursing workers. Data were collected sociodemographic/functional characterization and form inventory of thecoping strategies. Results: positive reassessment, social support and problem solving were the most used coping factors.There was statistically significant difference between self-control and sex; social support and salary range; acceptance ofresponsibility and the variables age, number of children, training and salary. The staff use strategies focused on emotionsand problems to cope with or to minimize stressors at work. Conclusion: educational activities need to be encouragedaiming to instrumentalize them to do the evaluation of stressors and to use resolutive coping strategies.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Their Associations With Overweight/Obesity Among Preschool Children in Dongcheng District of Beijing: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyuan Min ◽  
Jing WANG ◽  
Wei LIAO ◽  
Thomas Astell-Burt ◽  
Xiaoqi FENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Fried Foods ◽  
Traditional Pattern

Abstract BackgroundFew studies investigated associations between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among Chinese preschool children. Thus, the study aimed to explore dietary patterns among preschool children in the Dongcheng District of Beijing, and their associations with overweight/obesity.MethodsWith a stratified proportionate cluster sampling, the study included 3,373 pairs of preschool children and their guardians. Children’s weight and height were measured by school nurses, and their food and beverage consumption frequencies were reported by guardians via a food frequency questionnaire. Children’s age, gender, physical activity time, and sedentary time, as well as their parents’ highest level of educational attainment, occupation, weight, and height were also collected. Dietary patterns were identified through an exploratory factor analysis. Among these identified dietary patterns, the one with the largest factor score was defined as the predominant dietary pattern for each child. Associations between predominant dietary patterns and overweight/obesity were tested by two-level random-intercept logistic models with cluster-robust standard errors.ResultsFour dietary patterns, i.e., a “Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and snack” pattern, a “Chinese traditional” pattern, a “Health conscious” pattern, and a “Snack” pattern, were identified. Among the children, 21.02% (95% CI: 19.68% to 22.43%) were predominated by the “SSB and snack” pattern, 27.78% (95% CI: 26.29% to 29.32%) by the “Chinese traditional” pattern, 24.90% (95% CI: 23.47% to 26.39%) by the “Health conscious” pattern, and 26.30% (95% CI: 24.84% to 27.81%) by the “Snack” pattern. After controlling for potential confounders, the “SSB and snack” pattern characterized by fresh fruit/vegetable juice, flavored milk drinks, carbonated drinks, flavored fruit/vegetable drinks, tea drinks, plant-protein drinks, puffed foods, fried foods, and Western fast foods was associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity (OR: 1.61, 95% CI:1.09 to 2.38), compared with the “Chinese traditional” pattern.ConclusionsA preference for foods high in energy density but low in nutritional value was prevalent among preschool children in the Dongchen District of Beijing. Comprehensive measures to simultaneously reduce consumption of SSBs and unhealthy snacks among preschool children should be taken urgently to fight against rising childhood obesity in China, particularly in metropolises.

scholarly journals Social Skills in Children at Home and in Preschool

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Maleki ◽  
Abbas Mardani ◽  
Minoo Mitra Chehrzad ◽  
Mostafa Dianatinasab ◽  
Mojtaba Vaismoradi
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children's Social Skills ◽  
At Home

Preschool age is a crucial period for social development. Social skills acquired during this period are the basis for future life’s success. This study aimed to investigate the level of social skills in preschool children at home and in preschool and to examine the association between children’s social skills and environmental and cultural backgrounds. A cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sampling method was conducted on 546 children studying in the preschool centers of an urban area of Iran. Data were collected through demographic and social skill questionnaires from parents and teachers. Our findings showed that the social skills of girls were more than those of boys at home. Further, the majority of children had a moderate level of social skills from the parents’ and teachers’ perspectives. There was a modest parent–teacher agreement in most domains of social skills. Moreover, a statistically significant association was reported between children’s social skill domains and the child’s birth rank, father’s age, father’s job, teacher’s age, teacher’s education, teacher’s experience, and preschool classroom in terms of the numbers of children and the type of classroom. Accordingly, the risk of problems with social skills was reported to be relatively low. Therefore, more attention should be given to the family status and the teacher’s and preschool center’s characteristics to improve social skills in children.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and their associations with overweight/obesity among preschool children in Dongcheng District of Beijing: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyuan MIN ◽  
Jing WANG ◽  
Wei LIAO ◽  
Thomas Astell-Burt ◽  
Xiaoqi FENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Traditional Pattern

Abstract Background Few studies investigated the associations between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among Chinese preschool children. Thus, the study aims to explore dietary patterns and their associations with overweight/obesity among preschool children in the Dongcheng District of Beijing. Methods With a stratified proportionate cluster sampling, the study included 3373 pairs of preschool children and their guardians. Children’s weight and height were measured by school nurses, and their food and beverage consumption frequencies were reported by guardians via a food frequency questionnaire. Children’s age, gender, physical activity time, and sedentary time, as well as their parents’ highest level of educational attainment, occupation, weight, and height were also collected. Dietary patterns were identified through exploratory factor analysis. Among these identified dietary patterns, the one with the largest factor score was defined as the predominant dietary pattern for each child. The associations between predominant dietary patterns and overweight/obesity were tested by two-level random-intercept logistic models with cluster-robust standard errors. Results Four dietary patterns, i.e., a “Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and snack” pattern, a “Chinese traditional” pattern, a “Health conscious” pattern, and a “Snack” pattern, were identified. Among the children, 21.02% (95% CI: 19.68 to 22.43%) were predominated by the “SSB and snack” pattern, 27.78% (95% CI: 26.29 to 29.32%) by the “Chinese traditional” pattern, 24.90% (95% CI: 23.47 to 26.39%) by the “Health conscious” pattern, and 26.30% (95% CI: 24.84 to 27.81%) by the “Snack” pattern. After controlling for potential confounders, the “SSB and snack” pattern characterized by fresh fruit/vegetable juice, flavored milk drinks, carbonated drinks, flavored fruit/vegetable drinks, tea drinks, plant-protein drinks, puffed foods, fried foods, and Western fast foods was associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity (OR: 1.61, 95% CI:1.09 to 2.38), compared with the “Chinese traditional” pattern. Conclusions The preference for dietary patterns with high energy density but low nutritional value was prevalent among preschool children in the Dongcheng District of Beijing. Comprehensive measures to simultaneously reduce consumption of SSBs and unhealthy snacks among preschool children should be taken urgently to address the childhood obesity problem in China, particularly in metropolises.

scholarly journals Comparison of the knowledge, attitudes toward, and practices of contraception between Thai Muslim women living in Bangkok and those living in the southernmost provinces of Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jureeporn Saelim ◽  
Somsook Santibenchakul ◽  
Unnop Jaisamrarn
Keyword(s):  
Muslim Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
College Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract Background There are limited data on the use of contraception by Thai Muslim women. Objectives To compare and explore the knowledge, attitudes toward, and practices (KAP) of contraception between Thai Muslim women living in Bangkok and those living in the Southernmost provinces. Variables associated with KAP were also examined. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study, which was conducted in the Muslim communities in Bangkok and those in the southernmost provinces of Thailand including Yala, Pattani, and Narathiwat. A multistage, cluster sampling technique was used to identify participants. Only literate Thai Muslim women who lived in their hometown, and aged between 15–49 years were included in the analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess participants’ KAP of contraception. Results Data from 423 participants were analyzed. Knowledge and attitude scores between the two groups were comparable. A higher proportion of women from the southernmost provinces used contraceptives. However, when a multivariate regression model was used to adjust for other variables, women’s geographical residence was not associated with higher knowledge and attitude scores, or contraceptive practices. College-level education and higher income level were independent factors associated with contraceptive knowledge. A higher knowledge score was independently related to a positive attitude towards contraception. Only number of children and income level were independently associated with contraceptive practices. Conclusions For Thai Muslim women, geographical residence was not significantly associated with KAP of contraception. The educational level, income level, and number of children of the women played major roles in KAP of contraception.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on stress perceived by families of mentally retarded children enrolled in special schools of a city of central India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Chourasiya ◽  
Anil Baghel ◽  
Saket Kale ◽  
Arpit Verma
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Central India ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children

Background: Presently we are passing through a phase in the area of rehabilitation where in efforts are being made to spread services and training programs to raise awareness level related to mainstreaming and provision of equal rights and opportunity for the mentally retarded individuals. The present study was undertaken keeping in view the fact that an increasing number of children are being diagnosed with mental retardation parallelly an increase number of families will have to address and cope with the stress. The objective of the study was to study the stress perceived by the families having mentally retarded children and to find out the various factors influencing the perceived stressMethods: 100 families and102 mentally retarded children were studied. Section I of family interview for stress and coping in mental retardation (FISC-MR) was used to find out the family burden of care.Results: 47.97% of fathers and 68% of mothers are in the age group of 30-40 years. The severity of retardation was mild in 36 children, moderate in 46 children while 20 had severe retardation, 32% of mother feel mild stress of which 59.3% having education level up to degree college. 61% of mother showing moderate stress of which 68.8% having education level up to degree college. (67.3%) nuclear families show mild stress while only 22 (52.3%) joint families show mild stress.Conclusions: Living with and caring for the person with MR is very stressful and burdensome. High level of stress and burden is associated with increased level of disability; it being the maximum in the caregivers of persons with severe to profound Mental Retardation.

scholarly journals Household Factors Associated with Underweight in Children 24-59 Month in Urban and Rural in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Andini Retno Yunitasari ◽  
Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika ◽  
Asih Setiarini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The underweight still remains a public health problem for toddlers in Indonesia. The purpose of the study to identify the factors related to the underweight incident for toddlers at 24-59 months in urban and rural areas of Indonesia. This research used cross-sectional study design. This study used secondary data on the Total Diet Study-Individual Food Consumption Survey of 2014. The sample size in this study was 5165 toddlers from 24-59 months and distinguished by urban and rural areas. Bivariate Analysis used chi square. This study estimates that 20.3% of children aged 24-59 months were underweight with a greater proportion in rural areas 22.5%. Significant factors related to the underweight incidence in the urban and rural areas were the father's education level (urban; p = 0.02 and rural; p = 0.005) and mother’s education level (urban; p = 0.001 and rural; p = 0.005), number of household members (urban; p = 0.03 and rural; p = 0.012), and energy adequacy level (urban; p = 0.012 and rural; p = 0.005). The factor that was estimated to be significantly related to the underweight incidence just in rural areas as children’s age (p = 0.012), the total number of children in one house (p = 0.047). Multisectoral collaboration is needed to reduce nutritional problems, especially in rural areas. The efforts to improve community nutrition by improving the socio-economic condition of the community should be based on regional capabilities and local wisdom in the region.

scholarly journals Prevalence of undernutrition and its determinants among preschool children in a rural community of Shimoga, Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4149
Author(s):  
Vijaykumar P. Mane ◽  
M. V. Sagar ◽  
Revathy R.
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Nutrition Problem

Background: Undernutrition is a major health and nutrition problem in India especially among preschool children. It is an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity and also leads to permanent impairment of physical and mental growth of those who survive. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition among preschool children in the study setting and to determine various factors associated with undernutrition of the child.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 400 preschool children in the field practice area of PHC Aaynoor, Shivamogga, Karnataka. Cluster sampling technique was used for sample selection. Data was collected by interviewing the parent /guardian using a pretested and semistructured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were done as per standard techniques. Statistical analysis was done using WHO Epi-info software version 3.5.4.Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was observed in 38%, 43% and 15.8% of children respectively. The study found significant association between the prevalence of undernutrition and gender, birth weight, birth order, number of siblings, caste, paternal literacy and availability of toilet in the house of the child.Conclusions: The present study revealed that the problem of undernutrition is critical in the study area and identifies multiple risk factors for its causation, thereby signifying a well - coordinated multi sectorial approach to curb the same. 

Pattern of menarche age (normal, early and late) and its relationship with some demographic characteristics in girls and their parents

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeimeh Tayebi ◽  
Zahra Yazdznpanahi ◽  
Shahrzad Yektatalab ◽  
Marzieh Akbarzadeh ◽  
Najaf Zare
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Menarche Age

Abstract Background: Menarche age is an indicator of a girl’s puberty besides the clinical assessment of detecting deviations. This study aimed to search the pattern of menarche age (normal, early and late) and its relationship with some demographic characteristics in girls and their parents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on girls aged between 9 and 18 years old in Shiraz city. About 2000 students were selected through cluster sampling. Data collection was done by applying a demographic information form. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: About 1386 students (69.3%) had the history of menarche (at least once). The mean age of menarche was 12.26±1.11 years in Shiraz. The menarche age of the girls ranged from 9 years (as the least) to 15 (as the maximum). The prevalence of late menarche was 1.1%. In addition, no early menarche was reported. There was no relationship between menarche age and economic status, birth order and number of children, but a significant relationship was found between the parents’ education, house status, and the lifestyle of parents. Conclusion: The mean menarche age has been decreasing in cities. Therefore, it seems necessary for the families to be aware about the influence of time, trend and affecting factors on menarche; this helps them to make good decisions when educating their teenagers.

scholarly journals The Association between Physical Activity, Motor Skills and School Readiness in 4–5-Year-Old Children in the Northeast of England

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11931
Author(s):  
Dan Jones ◽  
Alison Innerd ◽  
Emma L. Giles ◽  
Liane B. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Skill Scores

The benefits of being physically active, possessing good motor skills and being school-ready are well documented in early years. Nevertheless, the association between physical activity and motor skills with school readiness remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship between these variables. We collected data on 326 four to five-year-old children from the northeast of England. Children’s PA (ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers), motor skills (MABC-2 and the locomotor section of the TGMD-2) and school readiness (EYFSP) were measured, and associations between these variables were examined. This study found that, on average, children engaged in more MVPA (99.6 min/day) and less sedentary behaviour (261 min/day) than documented in previous research. Motor-skill scores were consistent with existing literature in early years. A higher percentage of children in the sample (79.6%) achieved school readiness than the average for England. Regression analyses found that motor-skill variables and sedentary behaviour were significantly predictive of school readiness, whereas physical activity was not. Motor skills and sedentary behaviour significantly predict school readiness. Therefore, promoting motor skills and developmentally appropriate sedentary behaviour activities may increase the number of children achieving school readiness.

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