Perceived Barriers and Facilitators for Bedtime Routines in Families with Young Children

Objectives: Bedtime routines are a highly recurrent family activity with important health, social and behavioural implications. This study examined perceived barriers to, and facilitators of, formulating, establishing, and maintaining optimal bedtime routines in families with young children. Design: Participants completed a semi-structured interview based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Analysis followed a deductive approach. Participants: A total of 32 parents participated in the study. Most participants (N = 30) were females, were white (N = 25) and stay at home parents (N = 12). Results: Key barriers included lack of appropriate knowledge and sources of information, problematic skills development, social influences, cognitive overload, and lack of motivation for change. Facilitators included social role, access to resources, positive intentions, beliefs about consequences and reinforcement. In particular, optimal bedtime routines were less likely to be enacted when parents were tired/fatigued and there was a strong effect of habit, with suboptimal routines maintained over time due to past experiences and a lack of awareness about the importance of a good bedtime routine. Conclusions: Several theory-based, and potentially modifiable, determinants of optimal bedtime routines were identified in this study, providing important information for future interventions. Several of the key determinants identified were transient (tiredness) and/or non-conscious (habit), suggesting that future interventions may need to be deployed in real time, and should extend beyond conventional techniques.

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Perceived barriers & facilitators for bedtime routines in families with young children living in economically deprived areas

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20888/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

George Kitsaras ◽

Michaela Goodwin ◽

Julia Allan ◽

Michael P Kelly ◽

Iain A Pretty

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Social Role ◽

Theoretical Domains Framework ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Role Identity ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Economically Deprived ◽

Past Experiences

Abstract Background: Bedtime routines are a highly recurrent family activity with important health, social and behavioural consequences. Despite their importance, information regarding formation, establishment and maintenance of bedtime routines remains limited. This study examined perceived barriers to, and facilitators of, formulating, establishing and maintaining optimal bedtime routines in families with young children from deprived socio-economic areas.Methods: A total of 12 parents participated in the study. Most participants (N=11) were females, had between 1 and 2 children (N=10), were white (N=9) and stay at home parents (N=6). They completed a semi-structured interview based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Analysis followed a deductive, theory-informed mapping approach.Results: Key barriers included lack of appropriate knowledge and sources of information, problematic skills development, social influences, cognitive overload, lack of self-monitoring, lack of motivation and negative emotions. Facilitators included social role/identity, environment/access to resources, positive intentions, beliefs about consequences and reinforcement. In particular, optimal bedtime routines were less likely to be enacted when parents were tired/fatigued and there was a strong effect of habit, with suboptimal routines maintained over time due to past experiences and a lack of awareness about the contents and importance of a good bedtime routine. Conclusions: Several theory-based, and potentially modifiable, determinants of optimal bedtime routines were identified in this study, providing important information for future interventions. Several of the key determinants identified were transient (tiredness) and/or non-conscious (habit), suggesting that future interventions may need to be deployed in real time, and should extend beyond conventional techniques.

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Defining and measuring bedtime routines in families with young children—A DELPHI process for reaching wider consensus

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0247490

Author(s):

George Kitsaras ◽

Michaela Goodwin ◽

Julia Allan ◽

Iain A. Pretty

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Initial Step ◽

Delphi Process ◽

Family Activities ◽

Health And Social Care ◽

Important Health ◽

Definition Of ◽

Bedtime Routine ◽

Night Period ◽

Difference Plot

Introduction Bedtime routines are one of the most common family activities. They affect children’ wellbeing, development and health. Despite their importance, there is limited evidence and agreement on what constitutes an optimal bedtime routine. This study aims to reach expert consensus on a definition of optimal bedtime routines and to propose a measurement for bedtime routines. Method Four-step DELPHI process completed between February and March 2020 with 59 experts from different scientific, health and social care backgrounds. The DELPHI process started with an expert discussion group and then continued with 3 formal DELPHI rounds during which different elements of the definition and measurement of bedtime routines were iteratively refined. The proposed measurement of bedtime routines was then validated against existing data following the end of the DELPHI process. Results At the end of the four round DELPHI process and with a consistent 70% agreement level, a holistic definition of bedtime routines for families with young children between the ages of 2 and 8 years was achieved. Additionally, two approaches for measuring bedtime routines, one static (one-off) and one dynamic (over a 7-night period) are proposed following the end of the DELPHI process. A Bland-Altman difference plot was also calculated and visually examined showing agreement between the measurements that could allow them to be used interchangeably. Discussion Both the definition and the proposed measurements of bedtime routines are an important, initial step towards capturing a behavioural determinant of important health and developmental outcomes in children.

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Motivators of Inappropriate Ovarian Cancer Screening: A Survey of Women and Their Clinicians

JNCI Cancer Spectrum ◽

10.1093/jncics/pkaa110 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Courtney Macdonald ◽

Danielle Mazza ◽

Martha Hickey ◽

Morgan Hunter ◽

Louise A Keogh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Familial Breast Cancer ◽

Social Role ◽

Theoretical Domains Framework ◽

Family Physicians ◽

Environmental Context ◽

Ovarian Cancer Screening ◽

Peace Of Mind ◽

Knowledge And Practice

Abstract Background This study examined why women and doctors screen for ovarian cancer (OC) contrary to guidelines. Methods Surveys, based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), were sent to women in the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), and family physicians (FPs) and gynecologists who organised their screening. Results 832 of 1,264 (65.8%) kConFab women responded. 126 (15.1%) had screened in the last two years. Most of these (101, 80.2%) would continue even if their doctor told them it is ineffective. For women, key OC screening motivators operated in the domains of social role and goals (staying healthy for family, 93.9%), emotion and reinforcement (peace of mind, 93.1%) and beliefs about capabilities (tests are easy to have, 91.9%). 252 of 531 (47.5%) clinicians responded; a minority (FPs 45.8%, gynecologists 16.7%) thought OC screening was useful. For gynecologists, the main motivators of OC screening operated in the domains of environmental context (lack of other screening options, 27.6%), and emotion (patient peace of mind, 17.2%, difficulty discontinuing screening, 13.8%). For FPs, the strongest motivators were in the domains of social influence (women ask for these tests, 20.7%), goals (a chance these tests will detect cancer early, 16.4%), emotion (patient peace of mind, 13.8%) and environmental context (no other OC screening options, 11.2%). Conclusion Reasons for OC screening are mostly patient driven. Clinician knowledge and practice are discordant. Motivators of OC screening encompass several domains, which could be targeted in interventions to reduce inappropriate ovarian cancer screening.

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Effectivenes Education For Diabetic Melitus Management In Elderly With Diabetic Melitus

Adi Husada Nursing Journal ◽

10.37036/ahnj.v6i1.156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Maria Theresia Arie Lilyana ◽

Kristina Pae

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Depth Information ◽

Recording Device ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

High Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome due to impaired amount and function of insulin which causes high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Chronic hyperglycemia that occurs in DM can cause both microvascular and macrovascular complications, so the ability to manage DM is needed to prevent it. The focus of this research is the ability to manage DM for the elderly after getting education about DM management from various sources of information. A qualitative phenomenological design was chosen to obtain individual and in-depth information. Four participants were determined by purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted using a recording device, a semi-structured interview guide, and field notes. Colaizzi's approach Qualitative content analysis produces themes: The information sources of DM management; The DM management that has been done; and The DM education form that they expected. This study concludes that based on information that the participant gives, management of DM are obtained by consumption hypoglycemic therapy and diet routinely to stay in a healthy condition, physical activities such as exercise carried out according to participant conditions, and another method of therapies is based on the participant experience and habits as a result of complications that occur for example hypoglycemia. Recommendation for the next research is an effective education for the elderly is needed to improve their ability to manage chronic illness such as DM. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, education, DM management, elderly

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Promoting pre-service EFL teacher reflection: An investigation of reflection levels in Thai context

Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics ◽

10.17509/ijal.v9i2.20244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rosukhon Swatevacharkul

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Teaching Practice ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Teaching Techniques ◽

Teaching Improvement ◽

Efl Teacher ◽

Efl Teachers ◽

Past Experiences ◽

Professional Teaching ◽

Program Data

Reflection is essential for the teaching practice course since it enhances life-long professional teaching development of the teachers. Capacity to reflect needs to be developed. The objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the levels of learning reflection of pre-service EFL teachers at the end of the teaching practice course, and 2) to explore how reflection contributes to changes of the reflection levels. This study took the form of an embedded experimental mixed methods research design using a close and open-ended questionnaire and semi-structured interview to collect data from 13 international students at an MA ELT program. Data analysis was performed by a t-test and thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that 1) on average, the level of Habitual Action, Understanding, and Critical Reflection at the beginning and the end of the course was not significantly different. However, the level of Reflection was significantly different at the end of the course. Three themes: 1) Revision of past experiences for teaching improvement; 2) Thinking and writing skills development, and 3) Change of beliefs and teaching techniques were generated causing such reflection capacity changes. Recommendations were provided for further research in this area.

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The Pioneers of Parents' Centre: Movers and Shakers for Change in the Philosophies and Practices of Childbirth and Parent Education in New Zealand

10.26686/wgtn.16945471 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Marie Bell

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Young Children ◽

Parent Education ◽

Shape Change ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Child Rearing ◽

The Social ◽

The 1950S ◽

Changing Times

<p>This thesis presents the voices of 17 pioneers of the organisation parents' Centre, founded in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1952. They reflect on Parents' Centre's contribution to the welfare and happiness of young children and their parents, and the challenges and satisfactions for them as 'movers and shakers' of an entrenched system. The pioneers, 13 women and 3 men, were a group of professionals and parents educated in the progressive tradition who worked as volunteers to found and develop the organisation. They challenged the well-established and generally respected views of the policymakers of the 1950s about the management of childbirth and parent education for young children. They believed that the education and care of the child from birth to three needed to be brought into line with the progressive principles and practices which had been gaining ground in the schools and pre-schools of New Zealand since the 1920s and which emphasised holistic development, especially the psychological aspects. Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory I set the study within the social climate of the 1950s to assess the contribution the changing times made to the success of the organisation. I identified the social and economic forces which brought change both in the institutions of society and within every day family life, particularly for young children and their parents. As researcher, I added my voice to their reflections while also playing the role of analyst. The study used an oral history method to record the stories of the participants from a contemporary perspective. My involvement in the organisation over 50 years gave me insider knowledge and a rapport with the people interviewed. Using a loosely structured interview I adopted a collegial method of data gathering. A second interview, two years after the first, informed the pioneers about my use of the interview material and gave opportunities for critical comments on my analysis. It became apparent that under the leadership of Helen Brew, parents' Centre was able to influence change. Analyses of the background of the pioneers and of the educationalists who influenced them in training, career and parenthood show that key influences on the pioneers were lecturers at Wellington and Christchurch Training Colleges and Victoria University of Wellington. The liberal thrust of these educational institutions reinforced similar philosophical elements in the child rearing practices experienced by the pioneers. Overall, the pioneers expressed satisfaction with the philosophies and practice they advocated at that time, their achievements within Parent's Centre, and pride in founding a consumer organisation effective for New Zealand conditions. They saw Parents' Centre as having helped to shape change. This study documents the strategies used by Parents' Centre to spread its message to parents, policy makers and the general public. At the end of the study the pioneers were in agreement that the change in the role of women, particularly as equal breadwinners with men, presented a challenge to the consumer and voluntary aspects of the organisation of Parents' Centre today. Some felt the organisation had lost its radical nature and was at risk of losing the consumer voice. Nonetheless, all the pioneers felt that Parents' Centre still had a part to play in providing effective ante-natal education 'by parents for parents' and a continuing role in working for change in the services in accordance with the needs of parents and children under three.</p>

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Informing Clients through Information Communication Technology in Health Care Systems

10.28945/3367 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Vangari Vishwa Mohan ◽

Vahideh Zarea Gavgani

Keyword(s):

Communication Technology ◽

Science Communication ◽

Information Needs ◽

Medical Information ◽

Information Communication Technology ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Information Communication ◽

Critical Information ◽

Care Givers

Information Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionized the world communication order. People can be informed in more effective, efficient and convenient ways. Access to media has percolated to the grassroots. In spite of all such remarkable developments, whether ICT facilitates Science communication is a billion dollar question. Though information is freely and widely available by virtue of ICT, yet, there are areas where Science communication through ICT still needs to be developed to deliver critical information to the needy. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to find out: whether patients and care givers have perception of their information needs? What sources of information they usually consult? What type of channels/media they possess to access the information? What sources the patients and care givers prefer to consult? Whether in the opinion of the patients and their care givers, the ICTs are effective in delivering the critical information. Methodology: An exploratory survey was conducted. A semi-structured interview was employed to collect data from a group of 188 patients and care givers in the hospitals and clinics in Hyderabad (India). Results and conclusion: The study determined the patients’ and care givers’ preferences for technologies in keeping informed. It also brought to light the limitations and usefulness of ICTs in Science communication in general and medical information in particular.

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The perceived role of the mosque library in Upper Egypt as an Islamic information institution

Global Knowledge Memory and Communication ◽

10.1108/gkmc-11-2020-0168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Essam Mansour

Keyword(s):

Digital Technology ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

School Students ◽

Upper Egypt ◽

Content Type ◽

Religious Background ◽

Islamic Religion

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceived role of the mosque library in Upper Egypt as an Islamic information institution. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative approach in the form of a structured interview, which was carried out between July and August of 2020. As possible, the researcher surveyed all mosques in Upper Egypt equipped with libraries (n = 57). Findings The most important collections of the mosque library were found to be books, rare books, Qur’anic interpretations, jurisprudential volumes, hadiths of the Prophet, biographies, orientalist books, references, manuscripts and bibliographies. The services provided are developing awareness, lending, indexing and abstracting. The activities practiced are hosting school students to visit the library, holding educational seminars and hosting scholars and thinkers. The lack of specialized classification schemes in organizing Islamic subjects, lack of financial allocations, failure to update collections and lack of digital technology were found to be significant challenges faced by mosque libraries in Upper Egypt. Originality/value The role of the mosque library extended to enhance the religious background of the worshipers and provide them with different and appropriate sources of information, not only regarding the Islamic religion but also regarding knowledge and other topics.

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Sexuality of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS: sources of information defining learning

Escola Anna Nery ◽

10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Graciela Dutra Sehnem ◽

Eva Neri Rubim Pedro ◽

Lúcia Beatriz Ressel ◽

Maria Eduarda Deitos Vasquez

Keyword(s):

Thematic Analysis ◽

Care Service ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Specialized Care ◽

Biological Aspects ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the sources of information of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS that define learning about sexuality. Methods: A qualitative study was performed in a Specialized Care Service of a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, with 15 adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. A semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used. Results: Adolescents have built up their knowledge about sexuality, especially through relationships with friends and older family members, or through access to media sources. Schools and health services were spaces for sharing information about biological aspects of sexuality. Conclusion: Nurses need to address adolescent sexuality beyond the biological dimension and support it through critical and dialogical health education.

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Formative Research to Develop the IDEFICS Physical Activity Intervention Component: Findings from Focus Groups with Children and Parents

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.7.2.246 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 246-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Leen Haerens ◽

Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽

Gabriele Eiben ◽

Fabio Lauria ◽

Silvia Bel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Children ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Physical Activity Intervention ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Intervention Component ◽

Community Based ◽

Children And Parents

Background:The current study aimed at describing influencing factors for physical activity among young children to determine the best approaches for developing the IDEFICS community based intervention.Methods:In 8 European sites a trained moderator conducted a minimum of 4 focus groups using standardized questioning guides. A total of 56 focus groups were conducted including 36 focus groups with parents and 20 focus groups with children, of which 74 were boys and 81 girls. Key findings were identified through independent reviews of focus group summary reports using content analysis methods.Findings:Findings were generally consistent across countries. The greatest emphasis was on environmental physical (eg, seasonal influences, availability of facilities and safety), institutional (eg, length of breaks at school), and social factors (eg, role modeling of parents). Most cited personal factors by parents were age, social economical status, and perceived barriers. Both children and parents mentioned the importance of children’s preferences.Conclusions:To increase physical activity levels of young children the intervention should aim at creating an environment (physical, institutional, social) supportive of physical activity. On the other hand strategies should take into account personal factors like age and social economical status and should consider personal barriers too.

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