scholarly journals Longitudinal Follow-Up of Blood Telomere Length in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children Having Received One Year of Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Lamivudine as Prophylaxis

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Audrey Monnin ◽  
Amélie Vizeneux ◽  
Nicolas Nagot ◽  
Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay ◽  
Nicolas Meda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Exposed Uninfected

Telomere shortening can be enhanced upon human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and by antiretroviral (ARV) exposures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and long-term effect on telomere shortening of two ARV prophylaxes, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and lamivudine (3TC), administered to children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (CHEU) to prevent HIV acquisition through breastfeeding during the first year of life, and to investigate the relationship between telomere shortening and health outcomes at six years of age. We included 198 CHEU and measured telomere length at seven days of life, at week-50 and at six years (year-6) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. At week-50, telomere shortening was observed among 44.3% of CHEU, irrespective of the prophylactic treatment. Furthermore, this telomere shortening was neither associated with poor growth indicators nor neuropsychological outcomes at year-6, except for motor abilities (MABC test n = 127, β = −3.61, 95%CI: −7.08, −0.14; p = 0.04). Safety data on telomere shortening for infant HIV prophylaxis are scarce. Its association with reduced motor abilities deserves further attention among CHEU but also HIV-infected children receiving ARV treatment.

Higher prevalence of stunting and poor growth outcomes in HIV-exposed uninfected than HIV-unexposed infants in Kenya

AIDS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Neary ◽  
Agnes Langat ◽  
Benson Singa ◽  
John Kinuthia ◽  
Janet Itindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Growth ◽  
Growth Outcomes ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Exposed Uninfected

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus viraemia is associated with poor growth and T-cell activation with an increased burden in HIV-exposed uninfected infants

AIDS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (13) ◽  
pp. 1809-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Garcia-Knight ◽  
Eunice Nduati ◽  
Amin S. Hassan ◽  
Irene Nkumama ◽  
Timothy J. Etyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Exposed Uninfected

scholarly journals Association Between Dietary Selenium Intake and Leukocyte Telomere Length in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults (OR11-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buyun Liu ◽  
Yangbo Sun ◽  
Guifeng Xu ◽  
Shuang Rong ◽  
Wei Bao
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Dietary Selenium ◽  
Selenium Intake ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives DNA damage induced by oxidative stress is implicated in accelerated telomere shortening, a biomarker of biological aging. Although selenium has antioxidant properties, its impact on telomere length is largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary selenium intake and leukocyte telomere length in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods We included 7409 adults aged 20 years or older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002. Dietary selenium intake was calculated using data collected in the 24-hour dietary recall. Leukocyte telomere length was assayed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. The association between selenium intake and telomere length was estimated by weighted linear regression models adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, body mass index, supplements intake, and leukocyte cell type composition. Results The average dietary selenium intake was 109.1 mg/d (standard error [SE] 1.15). We didn't find a significant association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length in US adults. The average telomere length (SE) was 1.01 (0.02), 1.01 (0.01), and 1.04 (0.01) across increasing tertiles of dietary selenium intake. However, a significant interaction was observed for age (P = 0.02). Among individuals aged 20–44 years, the β coefficient of log-transformed telomere length, compared to lowest tertile of dietary selenium intake, was −0.041 (SE 0.012, P = 0.002) and −0.033 (SE 0.018, P = 0.07) for middle tertile and the highest tertile of selenium intake, respectively. The corresponding β coefficient was 0.009 (SE 0.016, P = 0.59) and −0.001 (SE 0.012, P = 0.95), respectively, for adults 45–64 years old, and 0.017 (SE 0.015, P = 0.28) and 0.059 (SE 0.021, P = 0.01), respectively, for those aged 65 years or older. The results were not appreciably changed even after additionally adjustment for dietary intake of vitamin A, vitamin E, and zinc. Conclusions The association between dietary selenium intake and telomere length differed significantly by age groups, indicating that higher selenium intake may prevent telomere shortening in older adults but not in younger or middle-aged adults. Further studies about the underlying mechanisms are warranted. Funding Sources NA.

scholarly journals Parallel telomere shortening in multiple body tissues owing to malaria infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1836) ◽  
pp. 20161184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asghar ◽  
Vaidas Palinauskas ◽  
Nadège Zaghdoudi-Allan ◽  
Gediminas Valkiūnas ◽  
Andrey Mukhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasite ◽  
Systemic Stress ◽  
The Impact

Several studies have shown associations between shorter telomere length in blood and weakened immune function, susceptibility to infections, and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Recently, we have shown that malaria accelerates telomere attrition in blood cells and shortens lifespan in birds. However, the impact of infections on telomere attrition in different body tissues within an individual is unknown. Here, we tested whether malarial infection leads to parallel telomere shortening in blood and tissue samples from different organs. We experimentally infected siskins ( Spinus spinus ) with the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium ashfordi , and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure telomere length in control and experimentally infected siskins. We found that experimentally infected birds showed faster telomere attrition in blood over the course of infection compared with control individuals (repeatedly measured over 105 days post-infection (DPI)). Shorter telomeres were also found in the tissue of all six major organs investigated (liver, lungs, spleen, heart, kidney, and brain) in infected birds compared with controls at 105 DPI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that an infectious disease results in synchronous telomere shortening in the blood and tissue cells of internal organs within individuals, implying that the infection induces systemic stress. Our results have far-reaching implications for understanding how the short-term effects of an infection can translate into long-term costs, such as organ dysfunction, degenerative diseases, and ageing.

scholarly journals Stress reactivity elicits a tissue-specific reduction in telomere length in ageing zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Evans ◽  
Jose V. Torres-Pérez ◽  
Maria Elena Miletto Petrazzini ◽  
Riva Riley ◽  
Caroline H. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTTelomere length reflects cellular ageing. Increased telomere shortening in leukocytes is associated with a range of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, the onset and progression of which may be mediated by behavioural traits such as anxiety and stress reactivity. However, the effects of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis stress response are shown to be tissue specific. As such, leukocyte telomere length may not give an accurate measure of the relationship between stress-reactivity and telomere length in disease relevant tissues. To test the hypothesis that stress-reactivity contributes to age-related telomere shortening in a tissue specific manner, we examined the correlation between telomere length in heart and brain tissue and stress-reactivity in a population of young (6-9 month) and ageing (18 month) zebrafish. Stress-reactivity was assessed by tank diving, a zebrafish version of the rodent open-field test, and through gene expression. Telomere length was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We show that ageing zebrafish have shorter telomeres in both heart and brain. Telomere length is inversely related to stress-reactivity in heart but not brain of ageing individuals. These data support the hypotheses that an anxious predisposition contributes to telomere shortening in heart tissue, and by extension age-related heart disease, and that stress-reactivity contributes to age-related telomere shortening in a tissue-specific manner.

scholarly journals Leukocyte Telomere Length in HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: Shorter Telomeres with Uncontrolled HIV Viremia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e39266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène C. F. Côté ◽  
Hugo Soudeyns ◽  
Anona Thorne ◽  
Ariane Alimenti ◽  
Valérie Lamarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Exposed Uninfected

scholarly journals Early maternal separation is not associated with changes in telomere length in domestic kittens (Felis catus)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11394
Author(s):  
Mikel Delgado ◽  
C.A. Tony Buffington ◽  
Melissa Bain ◽  
Dana L. Smith ◽  
Karen Vernau
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Orphan Status ◽  
Animal Rescue

Objective Studies of multiple species have found that adverse early life experiences, including childhood trauma and maternal separation, can result in accelerated telomere shortening. The objective of this study was to determine if premature separation from the mother affected telomere length in domestic kittens (Felis catus). Subjects were 42 orphaned kittens and 10 mother-reared kittens from local animal rescue groups and shelters. DNA was extracted from whole blood collected from kittens at approximately 1 week and 2 months of age. Telomere length was assessed by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) from a total of 86 samples and expressed as a ratio of telomere PCR relative to a single copy gene PCR (T/S). Results A generalized linear mixed model found there were no detectable differences in telomere length based on survival (F1, 76.2 = 3.35, p = 0.07), orphan status (F1, 56.5 = 0.44, p = 0.51), time point (F1, 43.5 = 0.19, p = 0.67), or the interaction between orphan status and time (F1, 43.5 = 0.86, p = 0.36). Although in other species telomere shortening is commonly associated with aging, even early in life, we did not find evidence for telomere shortening by two months of age. Our results suggest that the experience of early maternal separation in domestic cats who are subsequently hand-reared by humans does not accelerate telomere shortening compared to mother-reared kittens, at least in the first few months of life.

scholarly journals Growth and Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: a Conceptual Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Wedderburn ◽  
Ceri Evans ◽  
Shunmay Yeung ◽  
Diana M. Gibb ◽  
Kirsten A. Donald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Exposed Uninfected

Abstract Purpose of Review The population of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children is expanding rapidly, and over one million HEU infants are born each year globally. Several recent studies have reported that HEU children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are at risk of poor outcomes, including impaired growth and neurodevelopment. However, the reasons for poor clinical outcomes amongst HEU children remain unclear. Recent Findings We summarise the findings from recent large studies that have characterised growth and neurodevelopment in HEU children, identified risk factors and explored underlying mechanistic pathways. We propose a conceptual framework to explain how exposure to HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may lead to adverse growth and neurodevelopment in uninfected children, and review the available evidence and research gaps. Summary We propose that HEU children are affected both indirectly, through the augmentation of universal risk factors underlying poor growth and neurodevelopment, and directly through HIV/ART-specific pathways, which ultimately may converge through a series of common pathogenic mechanisms. In the era of universal ART, a better understanding of these pathways is crucial to inform future prevention and intervention strategies.

Highlighting the Correlation Between Telomere Shortening and the Susceptibility to the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Virus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aml Ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Infection Pathways ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Demographic Distribution

COVID-19 is a global crisis that requires a deep understanding of infection pathways to facilitate the development of effective treatments and vaccines. Telomere, which is regarded as a biomarker for other respiratory viral infections, might influence the demographic distribution of COVID-19 infection and fatality rates. Viral infection can induce many cellular remodeling events and stress responses, including telomere specific alterations, just as telomere shortening. In brief, this letter aims to highlight the connection between telomere shortening and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection, in addition to changes in telomeric length according to the variation of age and gender of confirmed cases with COVID-19 infection. To sum up, the correlation is revealed from the available data that connect telomere length and COVID-19 infection, demonstrated in the fact that the elderly patients and males are more susceptible to COVID-19 due to shortening in their telomere length.

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