scholarly journals Oncological Properties of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: Involvement of Mesenchymal Tumor Stem-Like Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 1188-1202
Author(s):  
Saya Tamura ◽  
Takuma Hayashi ◽  
Hideki Tokunaga ◽  
Nobuo Yaegashi ◽  
Kaoru Abiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumor ◽  
Uterine Leiomyosarcoma ◽  
Intravenous Leiomyomatosis ◽  
Ki 67

Uterine leiomyoma, also known as fibroids, is the most common benign neoplasm of the female genital tract. Leiomyoma is the most common uterine tumor. The leiomyoma subtypes account for approximately 10% of leiomyomas. Intravenous leiomyomatosis, a uterine leiomyoma subtype, is an intravascular growth of benign smooth muscle cells, occasionally with pelvic or extrapelvic extension. Uterine leiomyosarcoma, a malignant tumor, tends to metastasize hematogenously, and distant metastasis to the lungs and liver is common. Therefore, the oncological properties of this intravenous leiomyomatosis resemble those of the malignant tumor uterine leiomyosarcoma. Cancer stem cells migrate to distant organs via intravascular infiltration, leading to micrometastases. We examined the oncological properties of intravenous leiomyomatosis using molecular pathological techniques on tissue excised from patients with uterine leiomyoma. CD44-positive mesenchymal tumor stem-like cells were detected in both patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis and uterine leiomyosarcoma. The oncological properties of intravenous leiomyomatosis were found to be similar to those of uterine leiomyosarcoma. However, in intravenous leiomyomatosis, cyclin E and Ki-67-positive cells were rare and no pathological findings suspecting malignancy were observed. It is expected that establishing a treatment method targeting cancer stem cells will lead to the treatment of malignant tumors with a low risk of recurrence and metastasis.

scholarly journals Oncological Features of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: Involvement of Mesenchymal Tumor Stem-Like Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saya Tamura ◽  
Takuma Hayashi ◽  
Hideki Tokunaga ◽  
Nobuo Yaegashi ◽  
Kaoru Abiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumor ◽  
Uterine Leiomyosarcoma ◽  
Intravenous Leiomyomatosis ◽  
Ki 67

Background/Aim: Uterine leiomyoma, also known as fibroids, is the most common benign neoplasm of the female genital tract. Leiomyoma, including its subtypes, is the most common uterine tumor. The subtypes account for approximately 10% of leiomyomas. Intravenous leiomyomatosis, a uterine leiomyoma subtype, is an intravascular growth of benign smooth muscle cells, occasionally with pelvic or extrapelvic extension. Uterine leiomyosarcoma, a malignant tumor, tends to metastasize hematogenously, and distant metastasis to the lungs and liver is common. Therefore, this intravenous leiomyomatosis’ oncological features resemble those of the malignant tumor uterine leiomyosarcoma. Cancer stem cells migrate to distant organs via intravascular infiltration, leading to micrometastases. Materials and Methods: We examined the oncological properties of intravenous leiomyomatosis using molecular pathological techniques on tissue excised from patients with uterine leiomyoma. Result: CD44-positive mesenchymal tumor stem-like cells were detected in both intravenous leiomyomatosis and uterine leiomyosarcoma. The oncological nature of intravenous leiomyomatosis was found to be similar to the oncological properties of uterine leiomyosarcoma. However, in intravenous leiomyomatosis, Cyclin E and Ki-67-positive cells were rare, and no pathological findings suspected to be malignant were observed. Conclusion: It is expected that establishing a treatment method targeting cancer stem cells will lead to the treatment of malignant tumors with a low risk of recurrence and metastasis.

scholarly journals Role of Natural Radiosensitizers and Cancer Cell Radioresistance: An Update

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Malik ◽  
Misbah Sultana ◽  
Aamer Qazi ◽  
Mahmood Husain Qazi ◽  
Gulshan Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging

Cancer originates from genetic mutations accumulation. Cancer stem cells have been depicted as tumorigenic cells that can differentiate and self-renew. Cancer stem cells are thought to be resistant to conventional therapy like chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy damage carcinomic DNA cells. Because of the ability of cancer stem cells to self-renew and reproduce malignant tumors, they are the subject of intensive research. In this review, CSCs radioresistant mechanisms which include DNA damage response and natural radiosensitizers have been summed up. Reactive oxygen species play an important role in different physiological processes. ROS scavenging is responsible for regulation of reactive oxygen species generation. A researcher has proved that microRNAs regulate tumor radiation resistance. Ionizing radiation does not kill the cancer cells; rather, IR just slows down the signs and symptoms. Ionizing radiation damages DNA directly/indirectly. IR is given mostly in combination with other chemo/radiotherapies. We briefly described here the behavior of cancer stem cells and radioresistance therapies in cancer treatment. To overcome radioresistance in treatment of cancer, strategies like fractionation modification, treatment in combination, inflammation modification, and overcoming hypoxic tumor have been practiced. Natural radiosensitizers, for example, curcumin, genistein, and quercetin, are more beneficial than synthetic compounds.

scholarly journals Cripto-1 as a Key Factor in Tumor Progression, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9280
Author(s):  
Hilal Arnouk ◽  
Gloria Yum ◽  
Dean Shah
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Mesenchymal Phenotype ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Key Factor

Cripto-1 is an essential protein for human development that plays a key role in the early phase of gastrulation in the differentiation of an embryo as well as assists with wound healing processes. Importantly, Cripto-1 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition to turn fixed epithelial cells into a more mobile mesenchymal phenotype through the downregulation of epithelial adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin, occludins, and claudins, and the upregulation of mesenchymal, mobile proteins, such as N-cadherin, Snail, and Slug. Consequently, Cripto-1’s role in inducing EMT to promote cell motility is beneficial in embryogenesis, but detrimental in the formation, progression and metastasis of malignant tumors. Indeed, Cripto-1 is found to be upregulated in most cancers, such as breast, lung, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, cervical, ovarian, prostate, and skin cancers. Through its role in EMT, Cripto-1 can remodel cancer cells to enable them to travel through the extracellular matrix as well as blood and lymphatic vessels to metastasize to different organs. Additionally, Cripto-1 promotes the survival of cancer stem cells, which can lead to relapse in cancer patients.

CD133 peptide-conjugated pyropheophorbide-a as a novel photosensitizer for targeted photodynamic therapy in colorectal cancer stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichao Yan ◽  
Da Tang ◽  
Zhangyong Hong ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Hui Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Pyropheophorbide A ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Targeted Photodynamic Therapy

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor around the world. Recent findings suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) exert a pivotal role in the resistance to current...

scholarly journals Epigenetic Signaling of Cancer Stem Cells During Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaoqu Liu ◽  
Yuqing Ren ◽  
Lingfang Meng ◽  
Lifeng Li ◽  
Richard Beatson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Smad Pathway ◽  
The Relationship

Malignant tumors pose a great challenge to human health, which has led to many studies increasingly elucidating the tumorigenic process. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) have profound impacts on tumorigenesis and development of drug resistance. Recently, there has been increased interest in the relationship between inflammation and CSCs but the mechanism underlying this relationship has not been fully elucidated. Inflammatory cytokines produced during chronic inflammation activate signaling pathways that regulate the generation of CSCs through epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the effects of inflammation on cancer stem cells, particularly the role of signaling pathways such as NF-κB pathway, STAT3 pathway and Smad pathway involved in regulating epigenetic changes. We hope to provide a novel perspective for improving strategies for tumor treatment.

Cancer stem cells as markers of bladder cancer recurrence.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16511-e16511
Author(s):  
Lyubov I. Belyakova ◽  
Aleksandr B. Sagakyants ◽  
Alexey N. Shevchenko ◽  
Elena V. Filatova ◽  
Viktor K. Khvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Significant Deterioration

e16511 Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is an urgent problem of oncology in the world, and without appropriate and timely treatment it can lead to severe disability and a significant deterioration in the quality of life of patients. BC accounts for 4.5% of the total cancer incidence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are actively involved in the development of recurrent malignant tumors, and also play an important role in the development of chemotherapy and radioresistance of tumor cells. CSCs in BC are poorly studied. Our purpose was to determine the CSC numbers in patients with non-muscle invasive BC. Methods: The study included 7 patients with newly diagnosed stage I BC, G2, intermediate prognosis according to the EORTC scoring system. All patients underwent transurethral resection of the bladder, and tumor tissues (TT, size up to 1.5 cm) and perifocal tissues (PT, at least 1.0 cm from the tumor) were obtained. The specimens were disintegrated to obtain the cell suspension, and the CSC percentages were determined using the FACS Canto II flow cytometer with monoclonal antibodies to CD45-APC-Cy7, CD24-FITC, and CD133–PE according to the manufacturer's instructions (BD, USA). Numbers of cells with CSC markers (CD24+, CD44+, CD133+, CD24+CD44+, CD44+CD133+) were calculated as the percentage from the total number of CD45--cells. The results of statistical processing were presented as the arithmetic mean and the standard error of the arithmetic mean. The significance of differences between the samples was assessed using the Mann-Whitney’s nonparametric test. Results: The numbers of CD45--cells were similar in TT and PT (61.3±5.8 and 71.8±12.6). The relative numbers of cells with CSC phenotypic markers, such as CD24, CD44, were 77% and 58% higher in TT than in PT: 18.3±3.5 vs. 4.3±2.1 and 15.5±5.3 vs. 6.5±0.8, respectively; p≤0.05. The number of CD133+ cells was 83% higher in PT compared to TT - 41.6±12.1 vs. 22.7±7.6. The numbers of CD44+CD24+ and CD44+CD133+ cells in TT were higher than in PT by 80% and 63%, respectively: 10.3±4.9 vs. 2.1±0.4, 9.0±4.5 vs. 3.3±0.9, p≤0.05. CD44-CD24+ CD133+ cells were not detected in PT. Conclusions: The results indicate the peculiarities of the distribution of CSCs in TT and PT, which can be used to predict the risk of the disease recurrence and/or progression, and also help to evaluate results of the treatment.

scholarly journals Targeting liver cancer stem cells for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628481882156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Ying Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Liver Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Oncolytic Adenoviruses ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and prognosis remains poor. It has been increasingly recognized that liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are responsible for the carcinogenesis, recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Targeting LCSCs is promising to be a new direction for the treatment of HCC. Herein, we summarize the potentially therapeutic targets in LCSCs at the level of genes, molecules and cells, such as knockout of oncogenes or oncoproteins, restoring the silent tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of the transcription factors and regulation of noncoding RNAs (including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) in LCSCs at the genetic level; inhibition of markers and blockade of the key signaling pathways of LCSCs at the molecular level; and inhibiting autophagy and application of oncolytic adenoviruses in LCSCs at the cellular level. Moreover, we analyze the potential targets in LCSCs to eliminate chemoresistance of HCC. Thereinto, the suppression of autophagy and Nanog by chloroquine and shRNA respectively may be the most promising targeting approaches. These targets may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC by targeting LCSCs.

scholarly journals Hedgehog Signaling in Cancer: A Prospective Therapeutic Target for Eradicating Cancer Stem Cells

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ita Novita Sari ◽  
Lan Thi Hanh Phi ◽  
Nayoung Jun ◽  
Yoseph Toni Wijaya ◽  
Sanghyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Signaling Inhibitors ◽  
Hh Signaling

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a signaling cascade that plays a crucial role in many fundamental processes, including embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Moreover, emerging evidence has suggested that aberrant activation of Hh is associated with neoplastic transformations, malignant tumors, and drug resistance of a multitude of cancers. At the molecular level, it has been shown that Hh signaling drives the progression of cancers by regulating cancer cell proliferation, malignancy, metastasis, and the expansion of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, a comprehensive understanding of Hh signaling during tumorigenesis and development of chemoresistance is necessary in order to identify potential therapeutic strategies to target various human cancers and their relapse. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of the Hh signaling pathway and its abnormal activation in several types of human cancers. We also highlight the clinical development of Hh signaling inhibitors for cancer therapy as well as CSC-targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Targeting the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Stem Cells for a Better Clinical Outcome of Glioma

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382094805
Author(s):  
Yu-bao Lu ◽  
Tian-Jiao Sun ◽  
Yu-tong Chen ◽  
Zong-Yan Cai ◽  
Jia-Yu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Important Target ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis at present due to lack of effective treatment options. Its initiation, migration, and multipotency are affected by cancer stem cell’s transition. Previous studies imply that changes in the cancer stem cells can affect the malignant differentiation of the tumor. We found that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related regulatory pathway is an important target for tumor therapy. In this review, we discuss the transition factor of EMT and 3 specific pathways that affect the EMT of cancer stem cells during tumor development. We conclude that targeting the EMT process of cancer stem cells can be a feasible approach in the treatment of glioma.

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