Individual and Combined Coatings of Chitosan and Carnauba Wax with Oregano Essential Oil to Avoid Water Loss and Microbial Decay of Fresh Cucumber

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of individual and combined coatings of chitosan (0.008 g·mL−1) and carnauba wax (0.1 g·mL−1) with oregano essential oil (OEO, 0.08 g·mL−1) to reduce dehydration and microbial decay of fresh cucumbers stored at 10 °C. Chitosan-OEO-wax films showed the lowest water vapor transmission rate (0.141 g·m−2·h−1), compared to single chitosan films (0.257 g·m−2·h−1). While chitosan-OEO films completely inhibited the in vitro growth of Alternaria alternata and reduced the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, mesophilic bacteria, and fungi isolated from decayed cucumbers. Besides, the infrared analysis of chitosan-OEO-wax films showed shifts in O–H and N–H absorption bands, indicating possible hydrogen bonding between the components. Wax and wax-OEO were the most effective coatings to prevent weight loss in cucumbers during 15 days of storage at 10 °C, while the most effective antimicrobial treatments were chitosan and chitosan-OEO. Therefore, these results showed that carnauba wax and carnauba wax-OEO coatings were the most effective in weight loss, whereas chitosan and chitosan-OEO were the most effective to reduce the microbial load of the treated fresh cucumber.

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Assessment and Characterization of Some New Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT)

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13133012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Monica Dascalu (Rusu) ◽

Marioara Moldovan ◽

Doina Prodan ◽

Irina Ciotlaus ◽

Violeta Popescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

The novelty of this study consists on the formulation and evaluation of five complex experimental natural photosensitizers (PS): gel with oregano essential oil (O), gel with methylene blue (AM), gel with a mixture of essential oils (Thieves-H), gel with arnica oil and curcuma extract (CU) and gel with frankincense essential oil (T), used as photosensitizing agents (PS) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the control of microbial biofilm in oral cavity. The experimental PS were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, cytotoxicity assay, antimicrobial effect and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The IR spectra of the experimental PS with essential oils exhibit absorption bands due to the presence of water and glycerol in high quantities. The studied compounds had a reduced cytotoxic effect on cell cultures. The lowest cytotoxic effect was observed in experimental PS with oregano essential oil and methylene blue PS. Essential oils with proven antibacterial capabilities used in experimental PS confer antibacterial activity to the gels in which they are incorporated, an activity that may be more efficient use of a PDT therapy. Single bacteria were detected mainly by SEM after 12 h, while aggregate bacteria and micro colonies dominated the samples at 48 h.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Lemongrass Essential Oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and Its Active Component Citral Against Dual-Species Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida Species

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2020.603858 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Shanjun Gao ◽

Guangzhi Liu ◽

Jianguo Li ◽

Jing Chen ◽

Lina Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Conventional Antibiotics ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

Compared to mono-species biofilm, biofilms formed by cross-kingdom pathogens are more refractory to conventional antibiotics, thus complicating clinical treatment and causing significant morbidity. Lemongrass essential oil and its bioactive component citral were previously demonstrated to possess strong antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. However, their effects on polymicrobial biofilms remain to be determined. In this study, the efficacy of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil and its bioactive part citral against dual-species biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species was evaluated in vitro. Biofilm staining and viability test showed both lemongrass essential oil and citral were able to reduce biofilm biomass and cell viability of each species in the biofilm. Microscopic examinations showed these agents interfered with adhesive characteristics of each species and disrupted biofilm matrix through counteracting nucleic acids, proteins and carbohydrates in the biofilm. Moreover, transcriptional analyses indicated citral downregulated hyphal adhesins and virulent factors of Candida albicans, while also reducing expression of genes involved in quorum sensing, peptidoglycan and fatty acids biosynthesis of S. aureus. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of lemongrass essential oil and citral as promising agents against polymicrobial biofilms as well as the underlying mechanisms of their activity in this setting.

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Screening of antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanol extract of Satureja hortensis on foodborne bacteria and fungi

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/753-cjfs ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 25 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 81-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

A. Adiguzel ◽

H. Ozer ◽

H. Kilic ◽

B. Cetin

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Satureja Hortensis ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

The present work reports the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extract from Satureja hortensis as well as the content of its essential oil. The chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oil of Satureja hortensis was analysed by means of GC-MS. Thirty constituents were identified. The main constituents of the oil were thymol (40.54%), γ-terpinene (18.56%), carvacrol (13.98%), and p-cymene (8.97). The essential oil of Satureja hortensis exhibited the activity against 25 bacteria, 8 fungi, and a yeast, C. albicans; exerting the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values (MIC) ranging from 15.62 to 250 µl/ml. Similarly, methanol extract of the plant also showed antimicrobial activity.

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In VitroAntimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil ofThymus schimperi,Matricaria chamomilla,Eucalyptus globulus, andRosmarinus officinalis

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2016/9545693 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Awol Mekonnen ◽

Berhanu Yitayew ◽

Alemnesh Tesema ◽

Solomon Taddese

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Preparation ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

In this study, thein vitroantimicrobial activities of four plant essential oils (T. schimperi,E. globulus,R. officinalis, andM. Chamomilla) were evaluated against bacteria and fungi. The studies were carried out using agar diffusion method for screening the most effective essential oils and agar dilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oils. Results of this study revealed that essential oils ofT. schimperi,E. globulus, andR. officinaliswere active against bacteria and some fungi. The antimicrobial effect ofM. chamomillawas found to be weaker and did not show any antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ofT. schimperiwere<15.75 mg/mL for most of the bacteria and fungi used in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the other essential oils were in the range of 15.75–36.33 mg/mL against tested bacteria. This study highlighted the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil ofE. globulus,M. chamomilla,T. Schimperi, andR. officinalis. The results indicated thatT. schimperihave shown strong antimicrobial activity which could be potential candidates for preparation of antimicrobial drug preparation.

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Reduced Susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium Strains to Oregano Essential Oil and Enrofloxacin: An In Vitro Assay

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease ◽

10.1089/fpd.2019.2635 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34

Author(s):

Ana Lucía Solarte ◽

Rafael Jesús Astorga ◽

Fabiana C. de Aguiar ◽

Carmen Tarradas ◽

Inmaculada Luque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

In Vitro Assay ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Oregano Essential Oil

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Chemical and Biological Studies of the Essential Oils of Micromelum hirsutum

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0700200614 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X0700200

Author(s):

Pham Thi Minh Diep ◽

Agata Maria Pawlowska ◽

Pier Luigi Cioni ◽

Do Huu Nghi ◽

Le Mai Huong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

In Vitro Assay ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Biological Studies ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Positive Results

Essential oils of the branches and leaves, flowers, and fruits of Micromelum hirsutum (Rutaceae) collected in Vietnam were investigated. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS techniques. Essential oils yields were 0.07%, 0.125%, and 0.22% (w/w), respectively, and in each oil 43, 49, and 37 components were identified, comprising 86.0, 86.3, and 96.4% of the total amount, respectively. All the essential oils were screened for antimicrobial activity, showing positive results against various strains of bacteria and fungi. The essential oil of the flowers was also found to have cytotoxic effect against three cancer lines by in vitro assay.

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Effects of oregano essential oil or quercetin supplementation on body weight loss, carcass characteristics, meat quality and antioxidant status in finishing pigs under transport stress

Livestock Science ◽

10.1016/j.livsci.2016.08.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 192 ◽

pp. 33-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yi Zou ◽

Quanhang Xiang ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Hongkui Wei ◽

Jian Peng

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Transport Stress

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Two-step method for encapsulation of oregano essential oil in chitosan nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and in vitro release study

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.031 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 50-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 357

Author(s):

Seyed Fakhreddin Hosseini ◽

Mojgan Zandi ◽

Masoud Rezaei ◽

Farhid Farahmandghavi

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Step Method ◽

Oregano Essential Oil ◽

Release Study ◽

Vitro Release

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Developed Chitosan/Oregano Essential Oil Biocomposite Packaging Film Enhanced by Cellulose Nanofibril

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12081780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1780

Author(s):

Shunli Chen ◽

Min Wu ◽

Caixia Wang ◽

Shun Yan ◽

Peng Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Light Transmittance ◽

Rate Reduction ◽

Packaging Film ◽

Oregano Essential Oil

The use of advanced and eco-friendly materials has become a trend in the field of food packaging. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were prepared from bleached bagasse pulp board by a mechanical grinding method and were used to enhance the properties of a chitosan/oregano essential oil (OEO) biocomposite packaging film. The growth inhibition rate of the developed films with 2% (w/w) OEO against E. coli and L. monocytogenes reached 99%. With the increased levels of added CNFs, the fibrous network structure of the films became more obvious, as was determined by SEM and the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between CNFs and chitosan was observed in FTIR spectra, while the XRD pattern suggested that the strength of diffraction peaks and crystallinity of the films slightly increased. The addition of 20% CNFs contributed to an oxygen-transmission rate reduction of 5.96 cc/m2·day and water vapor transmission rate reduction of 741.49 g/m2·day. However, the increase in CNFs contents did not significantly improve the barrier properties of the film. The addition of 60% CNFs significantly improved the barrier properties of the film to light and exhibited the lowest light transmittance (28.53%) at 600 nm. Addition of CNFs to the chitosan/OEO film significantly improved tensile strength and the addition of 60% CNFs contributed to an increase of 16.80 MPa in tensile strength. The developed chitosan/oregano essential oil/CNFs biocomposite film with favorable properties and antibacterial activity can be used as a green, functional material in the food-packaging field. It has the potential to improve food quality and extend food shelf life.

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