High Sensitivity to Salinity-Temperature Using One-Dimensional Deformed Photonic Crystal

This paper aims to theoretically study the concept of a photonic salinity and temperature sensor according to a deformed one-dimensional photonic structure. The fundamental capability of the proposed sensor is studied. Simultaneously we search to optimize the thickness of the structure and to get the maximum salinity and temperature sensitivity. The structure is constructed by alternating layers of TiO2 and fused-silica P times. In the middle of the structure, a cavity containing seawater is inserted to measure its salinity and temperature. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to simulate the wave-transmittance spectra. It is shown that the quality factor (Q-factor) of the resonance peaks depends on the number (P) of layers. After that, the thickness of the layers is deformed by changing the deformation degree (h). The parameters P and h are optimized to get the maximal Q-factor with the minimal number of layers and structure thickness. The best sensitivity SS of the proposed salinity sensor is 558.82 nm/RFIU with a detection limit of 0.0034 RFIU. In addition, the best sensitivity ST of the designed temperature sensor is 600 nm/RFIU with a detection limit of 0.0005 RFIU.

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Salinity-Temperature Sensor using One-Dimensional Deformed Photonic Crystal

10.21203/rs.3.rs-266806/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Naim Ben Ali ◽

Haitham Alsaif ◽

Youssef Trabelsi ◽

Muhammad Tajammal Chughtai ◽

D. Vigneswaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection Limit ◽

Temperature Sensor ◽

Fused Silica ◽

Q Factor ◽

Photonic Structure ◽

Deformation Degree ◽

Sensitivity Equation ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Number Of Layers ◽

Quality Factor Q

Abstract In this paper, new salinity and temperature sensor according to deformed one-dimensional photonic structure is proposed. The structure is constructed by alternating the couple of layers Air/Fused-Silica P-times. In the middle of the structure, a cavity containing the seawater is inserted to mesure its salinity and temperature. The Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) is used to simulate the wave-transmittance spectra. It is showed that, the quality factor (Q-factor) of the resonance peaks depends to the repetitive number (P) of layers. After that, the thickness of the layers is deformed by changing the deformation degree (h). The parameters P and h are optimized to get the maximal Q-factor with the minimal number of layers and structure’s thickness. The best sensitivity [[EQUATION]] of the proposed salinity sensor is 558.82 nm/RFIU with a detection limit of 0.0034 RFIU. In addition, the best sensitivity [[EQUATION]] of the designed temperature sensor is 600 nm/RFIU with a detection limit of 0.0005 RFIU.

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Whispering Gallery Mode Microresonators for Biosensing

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.82.55 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 55-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Silvia Soria ◽

Simone Berneschi ◽

Lorenzo Lunelli ◽

Gualtiero Nunzi Conti ◽

Laura Pasquardini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Internal Reflection ◽

Spherical Surface ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Whispering Gallery Mode ◽

Q Factor ◽

High Quality ◽

Whispering Gallery ◽

Resonance Shift ◽

Surrounding Environment ◽

Quality Factor Q

In the field of sensing, WGM microresonators are receiving a growing interest as optical structures suitable for the realization of miniature sensors with high sensitivity. When properly excited, WGM microresonators are able to strongly confine light, by means of total internal reflection,along the equatorial plane near their spherical surface. The corresponding supported resonances show low losses and a high quality factor Q (107-109). These high values of the Q factor make possible the detection of any minute event that occurs on the surface of the spherical microcavity. In fact, any minimum change in the surface of the sphere or in the physical and optical properties of the surrounding environment reduces the Q factor value and modifies the position of the resonancesinside the dielectric microcavity. From a direct measurement of this resonance shift, one can infer the amount of analyte that produces this variation.

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Plasma Cell Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Cavity

10.21203/rs.3.rs-412787/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zaky Zaky ◽

B. Moustafa ◽

Arafa H. Aly

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Photonic Crystal ◽

Plasma Cell ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Defect Layer ◽

Resonant Peak ◽

Q Factor ◽

One Dimensional ◽

High Q

Abstract The performance of one-dimensional photonic crystal for plasma cell application is studied theoretically. The geometry of the structure can detect the change in the refractive index of the plasma cells in a sample that infiltrated through the defect layer. We have obtained a variation on the resonant peak positions using the analyte defect layer with different refractive indices. The defect peak of the optimized structure is red-shifted from 2195 nm to 2322nm when the refractive index of the defect layer changes from 1.3246 to 1.3634. This indicates a high sensitivity of the device (S=3300 nm/RIU) as well as a high Q-factor (Q=103). The proposed sensor has a great potential for biosensing applications and the detection of convalescent plasma.

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A 5.86 Million Quality Factor Cylindrical Resonator with Improved Structural Design Based on Thermoelastic Dissipation Analysis

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20216003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (21) ◽

pp. 6003

Author(s):

Libin Zeng ◽

Yiming Luo ◽

Yao Pan ◽

Yonglei Jia ◽

Jianping Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Factor ◽

Structural Design ◽

Fused Silica ◽

Q Factor ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Cylindrical Resonator ◽

Traditional Structure ◽

Cylindrical Resonators ◽

Quality Factor Q ◽

Crucial Parameter

The cylindrical resonator is the core component of cylindrical resonator gyroscopes (CRGs). The quality factor (Q factor) of the resonator is one crucial parameter that determines the performance of the gyroscope. In this paper, the finite element method is used to theoretically investigate the influence of the thermoelastic dissipation (TED) of the cylindrical resonator. The improved structure of a fused silica cylindrical resonator is then demonstrated. Compared with the traditional structure, the thermoelastic Q (QTED) of the resonator is increased by 122%. In addition, the Q factor of the improved cylindrical resonator is measured, and results illustrate that, after annealing and chemical etching, the Q factor of the resonator is significantly higher than that of the cylindrical resonators reported previously. The Q factor of the cylindrical resonator in this paper reaches 5.86 million, which is the highest value for a cylindrical resonator to date.

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Highly Sensitive Salinity and Temperature Sensor Using Tamm Resonance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-300379/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zaky A. Zaky ◽

Arafa H. Aly

Keyword(s):

Detection Limit ◽

Quality Factor ◽

Temperature Sensor ◽

Electromagnetic Waves ◽

Incident Angle ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Low Detection Limit ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Strong Candidate ◽

Very High

Abstract In this paper, a Tamm plasmons resonance-based sensor is theoretically studied to calculate the salinity of seawater as well as a temperature sensor based on photonic crystals. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to systematically study and analyze the reflected s-polarized electromagnetic waves from the sensing structure. The proposed structure composes of prism/Au/water/(Si/SiO2)N/Si. The sensitivity, figure-of-merit, quality factor, and detection limit of the sensors are improved by optimizing the thickness of the seawater layer, incident angle, salinity concentration, and temperature. The proposed salinity sensor records a very high sensitivity of 8.5x104 nm/RIU and quality factor of 3x103, and a very low detection limit of 10-7 nm. Besides, the suggested temperature sensor achieves high sensitivity (from 2.8 nm/˚C to 10.8 nm/˚C), high-quality factor of 3.5x103, and a very low detection limit of 3x10-7 nm. These results indicate that the proposed sensor is a strong candidate for salinity and temperature measurements.

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Experimental Study on Variation of Surface Roughness and Q Factors of Fused Silica Cylindrical Resonators with Different Grinding Speeds

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12091052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1052

Author(s):

Libin Zeng ◽

Yunfeng Tao ◽

Yao Pan ◽

Jianping Liu ◽

Kaiyong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fused Silica ◽

Q Factor ◽

Cylindrical Resonator ◽

Axisymmetric Shell ◽

Measurement Results ◽

Q Factors ◽

Cylindrical Resonators ◽

Quality Factor Q

For the axisymmetric shell resonator gyroscopes, the quality factor (Q factor) of the resonator is one of the core parameters limiting their performances. Surface loss is one of the dominating losses, which is related to the subsurface damage (SSD) that is influenced by the grinding parameters. This paper experimentally studies the surface roughness and Q factor variation of six resonators ground by three different grinding speeds. The results suggest that the removal of the SSD cannot improve the Q factor continuously, and the variation of surface roughness is not the dominant reason to affect the Q factor. The measurement results indicate that an appropriate increase in the grinding speed can significantly improve the surface quality and Q factor. This study also demonstrates that a 20 million Q factor for fused silica cylindrical resonators is achievable using appropriate manufacturing processes combined with post-processing etching, which offers possibilities for developing high-precision and low-cost cylindrical resonator gyroscopes.

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One-Dimensional Topological Photonic Crystal Mirror Heterostructure for Sensing

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1940

Author(s):

Sayed Elshahat ◽

Israa Abood ◽

Mohamed Saleh M. Esmail ◽

Zhengbiao Ouyang ◽

Cuicui Lu

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Optical Switching ◽

Pulse Compression ◽

Defect Mode ◽

Edge State ◽

Q Factor ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Lorentzian Line ◽

And Performance ◽

Quality Factor Q

A paradigm for high-quality factor (Q) with a substantial fulfillment for appraising sensing ability and performance has been investigated. Through constructing a 1D (one-dimensional) topological photonic crystal (PhC) mirror heterostructure, which is formed by the image view of 1D topological PhC stacking with its original one. In the 1D topological PhC-mirror heterostructure, there is an interesting mode that appeared with the symmetric, typical Lorentzian-line shape with 100% transmittance in the topological mirror edge-state mode (hybrid resonance mode) at the heterostructure interface. Physically, such a mode is a defect mode, but the defect is introduced through topological operations. The high Q-factor of 5.08 × 104 is obtained due to the strong optical localization of the defect mode at the topological edge area. Consequently, this device acts as a narrow passband filter. Moreover, due to the narrow bandpass property, it may be an advantageous reference for many applications in filtering, switching, and sensing. Thus, introducing an electro-optical (EO) polymer layer at the interface to modify the edge defect can tune the defect mode both in frequency and Q-factor for higher spatial pulse compression and higher EO sensitivity. Accordingly, the Q-factor of 105, the sensitivity of 616 nm/RIU, and the figure of merit of 49,677.42 RIU−1 are obtained. The sensing ability and performance are attributable to the strong optical localization in the interface region and enhanced light-matter interaction. We predict that the 1D topological PhC mirror heterostructure will be an outstanding point in the field of optical sensing, filters, and optical switching in different fields.

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