scholarly journals A Power Dissipation Monitoring Circuit for Intrusion Detection and Botnet Prevention on IoT Devices

Computation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Myridakis ◽  
Paul Myridakis ◽  
Athanasios Kakarountas
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Ip Camera ◽  
In Series

Recently, there has been a sharp increase in the production of smart devices and related networks, and consequently the Internet of Things. One concern for these devices, which is constantly becoming more critical, is their protection against attacks due to their heterogeneity and the absence of international standards to achieve this goal. Thus, these devices are becoming vulnerable, with many of them not even showing any signs of malfunction or suspicious behavior. The aim of the present work is to introduce a circuit that is connected in series with the power supply of a smart device, specifically an IP camera, which allows analysis of its behavior. The detection circuit operates in real time (real-time detection), sampling the supply current of the device, processing the sampled values and finally indicating any detection of abnormal activities, based on a comparison to normal operation conditions. By utilizing techniques borrowed by simple power analysis side channel attack, it was possible to detect deviations from the expected operation of the IP camera, as they occurred due to intentional attacks, quarantining the monitored device from the rest of the network. The circuit is analyzed and a low-cost implementation (under 5US$) is illustrated. It achieved 100% success in the test results, showing excellent performance in intrusion detection.

scholarly journals Smart Devices Security Enhancement via Power Supply Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Myridakis ◽  
Georgios Spathoulas ◽  
Athanasios Kakarountas ◽  
Dimitrios Schinianakis
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Supply Current ◽  
Iot Devices

The continuous growth of the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and their inclusion to public and private infrastructures has introduced new applciations to the market and our day-to-day life. At the same time, these devices create a potential threat to personal and public security. This may be easily understood either due to the sensitivity of the collected data, or by our dependability to the devices’ operation. Considering that most IoT devices are of low cost and are used for various tasks, such as monitoring people or controlling indoor environmental conditions, the security factor should be enhanced. This paper presents the exploitation of side-channel attack technique for protecting low-cost smart devices in an intuitive way. The work aims to extend the dataset provided to an Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in order to achieve a higher accuracy in anomaly detection. Thus, along with typical data provided to an IDS, such as network traffic, transmitted packets, CPU usage, etc., it is proposed to include information regarding the device’s physical state and behaviour such as its power consumption, the supply current, the emitted heat, etc. Awareness of the typical operation of a smart device in terms of operation and functionality may prove valuable, since any deviation may warn of an operational or functional anomaly. In this paper, the deviation (either increase or decrease) of the supply current is exploited for this reason. This work aimed to affect the intrusion detection process of IoT and proposes for consideration new inputs of interest with a collateral interest of study. In parallel, malfunction of the device is also detected, extending this work’s application to issues of reliability and maintainability. The results present 100% attack detection and this is the first time that a low-cost security solution suitable for every type of target devices is presented.

scholarly journals A Wearable Smart Device to Monitor Multiple Vital Parameters—VITAL ECG

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Randazzo ◽  
Jacopo Ferretti ◽  
Eros Pasero
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Vital Parameters

Smart devices are more and more present in every aspect of everyday life. From smartphones, which are now like mini-computers, through systems for monitoring sleep or fatigue, to specific sensors for the recording of vital parameters. A particular class of the latter regards health monitoring. Indeed, through the use of such devices, several vital parameters can be acquired and automatically monitored, even remotely. This paper presents the second generation of VITAL-ECG, a smart device designed to monitor the most important vital parameters as a “one touch” device, anywhere, at low cost. It is a wearable device that coupled with a mobile app can track bio-parameters such as: electrocardiogram, SpO2, skin temperature, and physical activity of the patient. Even if it not yet a medical device, a comprehensive comparison with a golden standard electrocardiograph is presented to demonstrate the quality of the recorded signals and the validity of the proposed approach.

Intelligent Circuit Breaker Switch Controller Design Based on Micro-Grid Operation

2013 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 817-820
Author(s):  
Hai Bing Luo ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Wei Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Communication Interface ◽  
Interface Unit ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Grid Operation

This document researchs and designs an intelligent circuit breaker switch controller based on micro-network operation, it can be safely and flexibly used for micro-grid and grid switching. The controller has the basic functions of the three segments of the current protection, thermal memory, self-diagnosis, pre-alarm, real-time monitoring and so on. Further, in order to meet the needs of the smart grid, according to IEC61850 standard statute, the intelligent controller designs a communication interface unit so that it can communicate with the smart device which also complying with the IEC61850 statute. The experimental results show that the controller not only has good real-time performance, but also low cost, small size, easy to implement.

scholarly journals Electricity Usage Scheduling in Smart Building Environments Using Smart Devices

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunji Lee ◽  
Hyokyung Bahn
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Search Problem ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Smart Building

With the recent advances in smart grid technologies as well as the increasing dissemination of smart meters, the electricity usage of every moment can be detected in modern smart building environments. Thus, the utility company adopts different price of electricity at each time slot considering the peak time. This paper presents a new electricity usage scheduling algorithm for smart buildings that adopts real-time pricing of electricity. The proposed algorithm detects the change of electricity prices by making use of a smart device and changes the power mode of each electric device dynamically. Specifically, we formulate the electricity usage scheduling problem as a real-time task scheduling problem and show that it is a complex search problem that has an exponential time complexity. An efficient heuristic based on genetic algorithms is performed on a smart device to cut down the huge searching space and find a reasonable schedule within a feasible time budget. Experimental results with various building conditions show that the proposed algorithm reduces the electricity charge of a smart building by 25.6% on average and up to 33.4%.

scholarly journals Sliding wire detection system of electric lock screw tool based on motor characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2137 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Yinxin Yan ◽  
Houcheng Yang ◽  
Zhangsi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Automatic Assembly ◽  
The Real ◽  
Current Change ◽  
Real Time Detection

Abstract This paper presents a sliding wire detection system of electric screw locking tool based on the characteristics of motor. The system can judge whether the screw has sliding wire through the current change of motor during normal operation, and realize the real-time detection and alarm of sliding wire. The system has the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost and high accuracy. It can be widely used in automatic assembly and other fields.

Effect of anaerobic pretreatment on environmental and physicochemical characteristics of duckweed based stabilization ponds

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Caicedo ◽  
C. Espinosa ◽  
M. Andrade ◽  
H. Gijzen
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Physicochemical Conditions ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
In Series ◽  
Anaerobic Pretreatment

Duckweed based stabilization ponds, an alternative for wastewater treatment, are attracting a growing interest from researchers because they are basically a low cost technology, easy to built and operate, and produce tertiary quality effluents. Besides, this technology offers the possibility of resource recovery by producing high quality duckweed protein, which can be of further use. Since the technology is rather new, there are many aspects to be studied before its full-scale implementation. It is necessary to gain sound knowledge of the basic principles of the complex processes occurring in the system, as well as of the practical aspects of design and operation. The presence of a layer of duckweed on the surface is expected to produce different environmental and physicochemical conditions in the water from those found in conventional stabilization ponds. These environmental and physicochemical conditions affect both plant growth and biological treatment processes in the system, therefore it is important to determine their behavior in a duckweed system and how they can be affected by an anaerobic pretreatment. Continuous flow pilot plants composed of seven ponds in series were operated with artificial substrate under two different conditions: with anaerobic pretreatment and without anaerobic pretreatment. The flow was kept constant during the operation. Conditions such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total and ammonium nitrogen, nitrites and nitrates, and phosphorus were evaluated in the system under steady state conditions. The main conclusions from the study include the following: pH, temperature and oxygen profiles are more stable in duckweed ponds than in conventional stabilization ponds; anaerobic pretreatment has a significant effect on the oxygen concentration in the system and on the organic matter removal but not on the nutrient removal.

Real-Time Fault Detection Application for Natural Gas Pipelines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melitsa J. Torres ◽  
Jose D. Posada ◽  
Jaime R. Garcia ◽  
Marco E. Sanjuan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Operation Conditions

The implementation of fault detection techniques in industrial systems for process monitoring has proven to be a useful tool to process operators supervising the plant’s operation conditions. As plants become more instrumented, more data is available for fault detection applications, if they are capable of demonstrate anticipation and low false alarm rates. A regional Natural Gas transportation system deals with these types of drawbacks. While the improvements are carried out, some effort should be done in order to improve the safety in operations. In this paper a data-driven technique was used to detect fault conditions along the pipeline, sectioning it in five partitions to increase the detection sensibility. To overcome the lack of quality in data, simulation software intended to gas controllers training and pipeline operation was used to simulate leaks scenarios. Some historic data with high quality is also used to create normal operation condition models by means of Principal Component Analysis. All simulated faults were detected in a reduced time gap and recent events related to third-party actions showed the tool proficiency to detecting faults in real time. In addition, it considers a fault normalized index per section indicating the fault persistence and aggressiveness in a single plot.

scholarly journals A INDOOR POSITION ROUTING (IPR) AND DATA MONITOR USING BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (iBEACON-BLE): AN IMPLEMENTATION STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-61
Author(s):  
Batur Alp Akgül ◽  
Bülent HAZNEDAR ◽  
Abdurrahman YAŞAR ◽  
Mustafa Ersan ÇİNKILIÇ
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Mobile Industry

Rapid advancements in mobile industry have emerged new technological ideas and applications for researchers by allowing smart devices over the last decade. In recent years, the need for Indoor Position Routing (IPR) and Location-Based Advertisements (LBA) systems are increasingly common, IPR and LBA systems have been becoming very popular. Nowadays, it has become possible to create software and hardware applications for IPR and LBA in indoor environments, thanks to developments of different technologies. The development of the system should be based on low-cost technology, it should be suitable for integration and indoors operation. New options and possibilities for indoor locations are presented by the iBeacon-Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio protocol. iBeacon-BLE supports portable battery-powered system that can be smoothly distributed at low cost giving it distinct advantages over Wi-Fi. Therefore, in this study, a technological infrastructure is created to solve the navigation problem in closed locations using iBeacon-BLE technology, a data monitoring information system is proposed for smart devices of currently available technology for IPR, LBA with using iBeacon-BLE. The localization of the objects based on iBeacon-BLE and their combination are determined using the measured data with the developed application. To build an IPR system for indoor environments, the available hardware, software, and network technologies are presented. The concept of the indoor monitoring system and the technologies can be used to develop the IPR system are presented. This system is made up of iBeacon-BLE sensor nodes, a smart device and a mobile application that provides IPR and LBA services by measuring the distance between Transmitter (TX) and Receiver (RX). The proposed model uses the trilateration method, it allows the mobile application to determine the exact location of the object at the micro-level size. The proposed model uses sensory data to identify and trilateration the object’s position.

scholarly journals Wearable smart device incorporating real-time clock module and alcohol sensor

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
David Ng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Display Time ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Real Time Clock ◽  
Alcohol Sensor ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Correct Date ◽  
Clock Module

<p>In this work, we designed and built a wearable device with battery-saving and alcohol-sensing functions. The motivation for this device was to deliver a proof-of-concept wearable and functional device which alerts the user of possible alcohol breath level above a threshold limit and can be worn for an extended time due to battery saving features. It was built using a combination of Arduino electronics and sensors, and encased in 3D-printed ABS bracelet. A 4-digit 7-segment LED display on board is used to display time which is tracked using a real-time clock module. A 3-axis accelerometer determines the orientation of the device and activates the display only when it is held in a specific orientation by the user. An example is when two axes are normal to the gravitational pull while a single axis is in line with gravity to simulate users raising their arm parallel to the ground. A slight tolerance in the setting ensures that the threshold for activation is not overly strict. This will ensure that the LED display is activated over a narrow range of orientations. The alcohol sensor is sensitive to alcohol content in the air. The threshold for detection can be changed and calibrated to the user specific needs. The alcohol sensor is slightly sensitive to humidity and very sensitive to alcohol. It has been tested with ethanol, wine and beer with 95%, 12.5% and 4.55% alcohol content, respectively. Because the alcohol sensor works by using a resistor that continuously pulls current and detects changes in resistivity due to adsorption of alcohol molecules, it consumes a lot of power when turned on continuously. In order to conserve power, the sensor can be activated only when the device is oriented in a specific position or when the user pushes a button. An Arduino Nano board is used to reduce the overall size of the device. It is powered using an external 5V battery via a mini-USB connector. In order to reduce the number of IO pins used, the RTC, LED and accelerometer were configured to use I2C interface connections. A default SCL clock speed of 100 kHz is used and the component IOs are connected to a common SDA line which terminates at one analog pin. In normal operation, the RTC is configured to read time continuously at one second interval. It is preprogramed with the correct date and time prior to operation of the device.</p>

Sonicprint

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Aditya Singh Rathore ◽  
Chenhan Xu ◽  
Wenyao Xu
Keyword(s):  
User Authentication ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Passive Sensing ◽  
Fingerprint Biometrics ◽  
Specialized Hardware

Although fingerprint technology holds great promise for user authentication, commercial scanners face significant challenges in terms of security (e.g., fake finger) and adoptability (e.g., wearables). SonicPrint pushes the boundary of fingerprint biometrics beyond smartphones to any smart devices without the need for specialized hardware. To achieve this, it listens for fingerprintinduced sonic effect (FiSe) caused when a user swipes his/her fingertip on smart device surface. Compared to other biometrics including physiological patterns and passive sensing, SonicPrint is a low-cost, privacyoriented and secure approach to identify users across smart devices of unique form-factors.

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