scholarly journals Impact of Algicidal Bacillus mycoides on Diatom Ulnaria acus from Lake Baikal

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Yekaterina Bedoshvili ◽  
Elvira Bayramova ◽  
Nikolay Sudakov ◽  
Igor Klimenkov ◽  
Maria Kurilkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Bacillus Mycoides ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Algicidal Compound ◽  
Algicidal Effect ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Freshwater Diatom

Algae–bacteria interactions play an important role in water ecosystems. In this work, the BS2-15 algicidal strain was isolated from the bottom sediments of Lake Baikal and identified as Bacillus mycoides on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing, its described ultrastructure, and biochemical properties. B. mycoides BS2-15 was demonstrated to have a strong algicidal effect against a freshwater diatom culture of Ulnaria acus, inhibiting its growth and increasing frustules fragility. By analyzing the impact of bacterial filtrate onto the cells of U. acus, we demonstrated that perhaps an algicidal compound is produced by bacteria independently in the presence of diatoms in a medium. Using methods of TUNEL and confocal microscopy, we revealed that the bacterial algicidal effect on the diatom cells results in DNA fragmentation, nucleus destruction, and neutral lipid accumulation. This phenomenon highlights the complexity of algae–bacteria interactions and their potential role in regulating water ecosystem microbial populations.

INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE ON WATER BODIES IN THE LAKE BAIKAL BASIN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Ulzetueva ◽  
Bair Gomboev ◽  
Daba Zhamyanov ◽  
Valentin Batomunkuev ◽  
Zorikto Banzaraktsaev
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Baikal Basin ◽  
Discharge Water ◽  
Lake Baikal Basin ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
The Impact

The integrated assessment of the ecological state of the main rivers of the lake Baikal basin - Verkhnyaya Angara, Tyya, Barguzin, Selenga, Snezhnaya, Bolshaya Rechka, Khilok, Chikoy is based on the assessment of the variability of the basin system under the influence of two groups of indicators: 1) Direct (immediate) impact - the volume of water intake and wastewater discharge, water use and sequential water supply. Assessment of the impact on the state of the above-listed rivers basins from wastewater was performed using the algorithm proposed by A. Korolev et al. (2007). 2) Indirect (mediate) impact - indicators of areal and linear-network impacts on the catchment area. Based on the calculation of the integral anthropogenic pressure on the territory of the above-listed river basins, only the Selenga river experiences an “average” anthropogenic load. On the territory of most river basins, the anthropogenic load is “lowered” and “low”.

scholarly journals Relationship between dental and periodontal health status and the salivary microbiome: bacterial diversity, co-occurrence networks and predictive models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Relvas ◽  
A. Regueira-Iglesias ◽  
C. Balsa-Castro ◽  
F. Salazar ◽  
J. J. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe present study used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess the impact on salivary microbiome of different grades of dental and periodontal disease and the combination of both (hereinafter referred to as oral disease), in terms of bacterial diversity, co-occurrence network patterns and predictive models. Our scale of overall oral health was used to produce a convenience sample of 81 patients from 270 who were initially recruited. Saliva samples were collected from each participant. Sequencing was performed in Illumina MiSeq with 2 × 300 bp reads, while the raw reads were processed according to the Mothur pipeline. The statistical analysis of the 16S rDNA sequencing data at the species level was conducted using the phyloseq, DESeq2, Microbiome, SpiecEasi, igraph, MixOmics packages. The simultaneous presence of dental and periodontal pathology has a potentiating effect on the richness and diversity of the salivary microbiota. The structure of the bacterial community in oral health differs from that present in dental, periodontal or oral disease, especially in high grades. Supragingival dental parameters influence the microbiota’s abundance more than subgingival periodontal parameters, with the former making a greater contribution to the impact that oral health has on the salivary microbiome. The possible keystone OTUs are different in the oral health and disease, and even these vary between dental and periodontal disease: half of them belongs to the core microbiome and are independent of the abundance parameters. The salivary microbiome, involving a considerable number of OTUs, shows an excellent discriminatory potential for distinguishing different grades of dental, periodontal or oral disease; considering the number of predictive OTUs, the best model is that which predicts the combined dental and periodontal status.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota transplantation increases colonic IL-25 and dampens tissue inflammation in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-Jiun Jan ◽  
Noah Oakland ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Girija Ramakrishnan ◽  
Brian W. Behm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
The Impact

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the United States. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis is the primary cause of susceptibility and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as an effective therapy for recurrence. We previously demonstrated in the mouse model of CDI that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis reduced colonic expression of IL-25, and that FMT protected in part by restoring gut commensal bacteria-mediated IL-25 signaling. Here we conducted a prospective clinical trial to test the impact of FMT on immunity, specifically testing in humans if FMT induced IL-25 expression in the colon. Methods: Subjects received colonic biopsies and blood sampling at the time of FMT and 60-days later. Colon biopsies were assayed for IL-25 by immunoassay, for mRNA by RNAseq, and for bacterial content by 16 S rDNA sequencing. High dimensional flow cytometry was also conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells pre- and post-FMT. Results: All 10 subjects who received FMT had no CDI recurrences over a 2 year follow-up post FMT. FMT increased alpha diversity of the colonic microbiota and was associated with several immunologic changes. The cytokine IL-25 was increased in colonic tissue. In addition, increased expression of homeostatic genes and repression of inflammatory genes was observed in colonic mRNA transcripts. Finally, circulating Th17 cells were decreased post-FMT. Conclusion: The increase in the cytokine IL-25 accompanied by decreased inflammation is consistent with FMT acting in part to protect from recurrent CDI via restoration of commensal activation of type 2 immunity.

scholarly journals Pollution Characteristics of Microplastics in Soils in Southeastern Suburbs of Baoding City, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Du ◽  
Handong Liang ◽  
Zhanping Li ◽  
Jie Gong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
The Impact

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants that exist in different environmental media. Because of their wide range and large potential environmental hazards, they have attracted widespread attention in recent years. At present, the research on MP is mostly concentrated on the water ecosystems, and the impact on soil ecosystems is less studied. In this study, 12 typical soil samples from southeastern suburbs of Baoding city were investigated and characterized by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) combined with mass high resolution mode and positive and negative ion imaging mode. Four types of MPs, poly (propylene) (PP), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly (amide 6) (PA6), were quickly identified, of which PET and PA6 accounted for the largest proportion of both up to 30.2%; the particle size of the obtained MPs ranged from 0 to 35 μm, of which the proportion of <10 μm MPs was more than 26.3%, while that of 20–25 μm and 25–35 μm MPs was relatively small (17.83% and 9.3%, respectively). Risk assessment results of the MP in the soil showed that the risk level of MPs in the non-ferrous metal industrial parks and in concentrated with small workshops areas is relatively high, and attention should be paid to such areas. In addition, the study provides a reference method for the investigation and risk assessment of MPs in terrestrial soils, coastal beaches, and sediments.

scholarly journals Revealing the Influence of the Degumming Process in the Properties of Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guzmán Carissimi ◽  
A. Abel Lozano-Pérez ◽  
Mercedes G. Montalbán ◽  
Salvador D. Aznar-Cervantes ◽  
José Luis Cenis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
The Impact

Several studies have stated that the process used for sericin removal, or degumming, from silk cocoons has a strong impact in the silk fibroin integrity and consequently in their mechanical or biochemical properties after processing it into several biomaterials (e.g. fibers, films or scaffolds) but still, there is a lack of information of the impact on the features of silk nanoparticles. In this work, silk cocoons were degummed following four standard methods: autoclaving, short alkaline (Na2CO3) boiling, long alkaline (Na2CO3) boiling and ultrasounds. The resultant silk fibroin fibers were dissolved in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and used for nanoparticle synthesis by rapid desolvation in polar organic solvents. The relative efficiencies of the degumming processes and the integrity of the resulting fibroin fibers obtained were analyzed by mass loss, optical microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy and SDS-PAGE. Particle sizes and morphology were analyzed by Dynamic Light Scattering and Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy. The results showed that the different treatments had a remarkable impact on the integrity of the silk fibroin chains, as confirmed by gel electrophoresis, which can be correlated with particle mean size and size distribution changes. The smallest nanoparticles (156 ± 3 nm) and the most negative Z potential (−30.2 ± 1.8 mV) were obtained with the combination of long treatment (2 h) of boiling in alkaline solution (Na2CO3 0.02 eq/L). The study confirms that parameters of the process, such as composition of the solution and time of the degumming step, must be controlled in order to reach an optimum reproducibility of the nanoparticle production.

scholarly journals Ecological and Conservation Value of Small Standing-Water Ecosystems: A Systematic Review of Current Knowledge and Future Challenges

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossano Bolpagni ◽  
Sandra Poikane ◽  
Alex Laini ◽  
Simonetta Bagella ◽  
Marco Bartoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Global Strategies ◽  
Global Water

A small standing-water ecosystem (SWE) is a shallow (<20 m) lentic water body with a surface of a few hectares (≤10 ha). Compared to larger counterparts, they exhibit wider ecotones, sometimes even equaling their whole surface, which maximizes structural heterogeneity, supporting exceptionally high biodiversity, metabolic rates, and functionality. Surprisingly, no binding regulations support global strategies for SWE conservation. This work consists of a literature review performed for the period 2004–2018 to assess the ecological and conservation value of SWEs and the contribution of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in promoting their conservation. Outcomes from this work open new perspectives on SWEs, which emerge as valuable ecosystems, and confirm their pivotal contribution to watershed biodiversity, resilience, and functionality. Results also suggest clear narrative trends and large knowledge gaps across geographical areas, biological components, and target issues. Additionally, we note that SWEs are under-represented in the frame of WFD implementation, stressing their marginality into assessing procedures. All of this calls for further studies, especially outside Europe and with a global, multi-taxon perspective. These should be devoted to quantitatively assess the roles of SWEs in maintaining global water ecosystem quality, biodiversity, and services, and to prioritize management actions for their conservation.

scholarly journals Synthetic matrices reveal contributions of ECM biophysical and biochemical properties to epithelial morphogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nduka O. Enemchukwu ◽  
Ricardo Cruz-Acuña ◽  
Tom Bongiorno ◽  
Christopher T. Johnson ◽  
José R. García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Lumen Formation ◽  
Ligand Density ◽  
Apicobasal Polarity ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Compositional Variability ◽  
The Impact

Epithelial cells cultured within collagen and laminin gels proliferate to form hollow and polarized spherical structures, recapitulating the formation of a rudimentary epithelial organ. However, the contributions of extracellular matrix (ECM) biochemical and biophysical properties to morphogenesis are poorly understood because of uncontrolled presentation of multiple adhesive ligands, limited control over mechanical properties, and lot-to-lot compositional variability in these natural ECMs. We engineered synthetic ECM-mimetic hydrogels with independent control over adhesive ligand density, mechanical properties, and proteolytic degradation to study the impact of ECM properties on epithelial morphogenesis. Normal cyst growth, polarization, and lumen formation were restricted to a narrow range of ECM elasticity, whereas abnormal morphogenesis was observed at lower and higher elastic moduli. Adhesive ligand density dramatically regulated apicobasal polarity and lumenogenesis independently of cell proliferation. Finally, a threshold level of ECM protease degradability was required for apicobasal polarity and lumen formation. This synthetic ECM technology provides new insights into how cells transduce ECM properties into complex morphogenetic behaviors.

scholarly journals Marine Litter in Transitional Water Ecosystems: State of The Art Review Based on a Bibliometric Analysis

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monia Renzi ◽  
Valentina H. Pauna ◽  
Francesca Provenza ◽  
Cristina Munari ◽  
Michele Mistri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Capital ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Urban Impacts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
The Impact

Transitional water ecosystems (TWEs), despite their ecological and economic importance, are largely affected by human pressures that could be responsible for significant inputs of litter in the marine environment. Plastic input in coastal ponds, lagoons, river deltas and estuaries, could be driven by a wide range of human activities such as agriculture, waste disposal, municipal and industrial wastewater effluents, aquaculture, fishing and touristic activities and urban impacts. However, it remains unknown what the impact of plastic input in these TWEs could have on natural capital and, therefore, the ability for an ecosystem to provide goods and services to human beings. Given the large interest with regards to the conservation of transitional water ecosystems and the clear exposure risk to plastic and microplastic pollution, this study aims to perform: (i) a bibliometric analyses on existing literature regarding the levels of marine litter in such environments; (ii) a selection among the available literature of homogeneous data; and (iii) statistical analyses to explore data variability. Results suggest that: (i) research on microplastics in these ecosystems did not begin to be published until 2013 for lagoons, 2014 for river mouths and 2019 for coastal ponds. The majority of articles published on studies of microplastics in lagoons did not occur until 2019; (ii) sediments represent the matrix on which sampling and extraction variability allow the statistical analyses on data reported by the literature; (iii) the Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) test two-way evidenced that the level of protection of marine and terrestrial areas produced similar values while the habitat type showed low significance in terms of its effect on microplastic levels, shape and size in sediments.

scholarly journals Water Quality of Freshwater Ecosystems in a Temperate Climate

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2643
Author(s):  
Piotr Klimaszyk ◽  
Ryszard Gołdyn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Water is the substance that made life on Earth possible. It plays a key role in both the individual and population development of all species. Water is also a critical resource for humans as populations continue to grow and climate change affects global and local water cycles. Water is a factor limiting economic development in many regions of the world. Under these conditions, good water quality becomes an extremely important factor that determines its economic utility, including water supply, recreation, and agriculture. Proper water quality maintenance of freshwater ecosystems is also very important for preserving biodiversity. The quality of water depends on many factors, the most important of which are related to human impact on water ecosystems, especially the impact of various pollutants from municipal economy, industry and agriculture. Hydrotechnical changes, such as river damming, drainage processes and water transport between catchments also have a significant impact. Water quality is also dependent on the impact of natural conditions connected, e.g., with climate, catchment, water organisms and their interactions within the food-webs, etc. This Special Issue consists of fourteen original scientific papers concerning different problems associated with the water quality of freshwater ecosystems in a temperate climate. Most of the articles deal with the relations between water quality and the structure of ecosystem biocenoses. The conclusion of these articles confirms the fact that the deterioration of water quality has a direct impact on the quantitative and qualitative structure of biocenoses. This is accompanied by a decline in biodiversity and the disappearance of rare plant and animal species. They also draw attention to the particular importance of internal physical and chemical differentiation within the aquatic ecosystem, both in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The problem of ensuring proper ecological conditions and good quality of water in freshwater aquatic ecosystems is also raised, and methods for the restoration of water bodies are presented. The majority of the research presented in this Special Issue was carried out in Central Europe, and one of the papers concerns the area of West Africa—the edge of temperate climate zone.

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