scholarly journals Undervoltage Identification in Three Phase Induction Motor Using Low-Cost Piezoelectric Sensors and STFT Technique

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Leonardo Carvalho ◽  
Guilherme Lucas ◽  
Marco Rocha ◽  
Claudio Fraga ◽  
Andre Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensors ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Ae Signals

Three-phase induction motors (IMs) are electrical machines used on a large scale in industrial applications because they are versatile, robust and low maintenance devices. However, IMs are significantly affected when fed by unbalanced voltages. Prolonged operation under voltage unbalance (VU) conditions degrades performance and shortens machine life by producing imbalances in stator currents that abnormally raise winding temperature. With the development of new technologies and research on non-destructive techniques (NDT) for fault diagnoses in IMs, it is relevant to obtain economically accessible, efficient and reliable sensors capable of acquiring signals that allow the identification of this type of failure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the application of low-cost piezoelectric sensors in the acquisition of acoustic emission (AE) signals and the identification of VU through the analysis of short-term Fourier transform (STFT) spectrograms. The piezoelectric sensor makes NDT feasible, as it is an affordable and inexpensive component. In addition, STFT allows time-frequency analyses of acoustic emission signals. In this NDT, two sensors were coupled on both sides of an induction motor frame. The AE signals obtained during the IM operation were processed and the resulting spectrograms were analyzed to identify the different VU levels. After comparing the AE signals for faulty conditions with the signals for the IM operating at balanced voltages, it was possible to obtain a desired identification that confirmed the successful application of low-cost piezoelectric sensors for VU condition detection in three-phase induction machines.

Three-phase induction motor loading estimation based on Wavelet Transform and low-cost piezoelectric sensors

Measurement ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 107956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Beraldi Lucas ◽  
Bruno Albuquerque de Castro ◽  
Marco Aurélio Rocha ◽  
André Luiz Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensors ◽  
Three Phase

Advance Protection for Three Phase Induction Motor using Microcontroller Atmega32

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Karan S Belsare ◽  
Gajanan D Patil
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Cost

A low cost and reliable protection scheme has been designed for a three phase induction motor against unbalance voltages, under voltage, over voltage, short circuit and overheating protection. Taking the cost factor into consideration the design has been proposed using microcontroller Atmega32, MOSFETs, relays, small CTs and PTs. However the sensitivity of the protection scheme has been not compromised. The design has been tested online in the laboratory for small motors and the same can be implemented for larger motors by replacing the i-v converters and relays of suitable ratings.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Various Parameters during Speed Control of Three-phase Induction Motor Using GPIC and LabVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Majeed Shaikh ◽  
Muhammad Fawad Shaikh ◽  
Shoaib Ahmed Shaikh ◽  
Jahangir Badar Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Induction Machine ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Input Source ◽  
Open Control

Induction motors are widely used from home to industrial applications. Speed of induction motor plays important role, so to control the speed of induction motor various techniques are adopted and one of these techniques is V/F control, which is adopted in this paper. This technique helps to control the speed in open control system in RPM. Moreover, Control is designed in LabVIEW, it is quite helpful to develop the circuit graphically and code is automatically written in the background to run on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The aim of this research is to study the impacts on diverse parameters during speed control of three phase induction machine with manipulation of GPIC. Solar technology is used as input source to drive the General-Purpose Inverter Controller (GPIC). Apart of this, impacts of modulation index and carrier frequency influencing the active, reactive and apparent power, temperature and power quality and current overshoot is analysed. MATLAB/Simulink and LabVIEW tools are used for simulation and results along with GPIC, Induction motor and solar panel as hardware.

Low friction bio-inspired polydopamine/polytetrafluoroethylene coating performance in hydrodynamic bearings

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Rutkevičius ◽  
Jimmy Dong ◽  
Darren Tremelling ◽  
Julia Viertel ◽  
Samuel Beckford
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Coating Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coating Delamination

Purpose Low friction polymer coatings able to withstand high loadings and many years of continuous operation are difficult to formulate at low cost, but could find many applications in industry. This study aims to analyze and compare friction and wear performance of novel polydopamine/polytetrafluoroethylene (PDA/PTFE) and traditional tin Babbitt coatings applied to an industrial journal bearing. Design/methodology/approach This paper tested PTFE based coating, co-deposited with PDA, a biopolymer allowing sea mussels to adhere to ocean rocks. This coating was deposited on flat steel substrates and on a curved cast iron hydrodynamic journal bearing surface. The flat substrates were analyzed with a tribometer and an optical microscope, while the coated bearing liners were tested in an industrial laboratory setting at different speeds and different radial loads. Findings PDA/PTFE coating showed 2-3 times lower friction compared to traditional tin Babbitt for flat substrates, but higher friction in the bearing liners. PDA/PTFE also showed considerable wear through coating delamination and abrasion in the bearing liners. Research limitations/implications Five future modifications to mitigate coating flaws are provided, which include modifications to coating thickness and its surface finish. Originality/value While the novel coating showed excellent results on flat substrates, coating performance in a large scale bearing was found to be poor. This study shows that coating preparation needs to be improved to avoid frictional losses and unwanted damage to bearings. We provide several routes that could improve coating performance in industrial applications.

scholarly journals Friction and Wear Monitoring Methods for Journal Bearings of Geared Turbofans Based on Acoustic Emission Signals and Machine Learning

Lubricants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noushin Mokhtari ◽  
Jonathan Gerald Pelham ◽  
Sebastian Nowoisky ◽  
José-Luis Bote-Garcia ◽  
Clemens Gühmann
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Ae Signal ◽  
Ae Signals

In this work, effective methods for monitoring friction and wear of journal bearings integrated in future UltraFan® jet engines containing a gearbox are presented. These methods are based on machine learning algorithms applied to Acoustic Emission (AE) signals. The three friction states: dry (boundary), mixed, and fluid friction of journal bearings are classified by pre-processing the AE signals with windowing and high-pass filtering, extracting separation effective features from time, frequency, and time-frequency domain using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classifier. Furthermore, it is shown that journal bearing friction classification is not only possible under variable rotational speed and load, but also under different oil viscosities generated by varying oil inlet temperatures. A method used to identify the location of occurring mixed friction events over the journal bearing circumference is shown in this paper. The time-based AE signal is fused with the phase shift information of an incremental encoder to achieve an AE signal based on the angle domain. The possibility of monitoring the run-in wear of journal bearings is investigated by using the extracted separation effective AE features. Validation was done by tactile roughness measurements of the surface. There is an obvious AE feature change visible with increasing run-in wear. Furthermore, these investigations show also the opportunity to determine the friction intensity. Long-term wear investigations were done by carrying out long-term wear tests under constant rotational speeds, loads, and oil inlet temperatures. Roughness and roundness measurements were done in order to calculate the wear volume for validation. The integrated AE Root Mean Square (RMS) shows a good correlation with the journal bearing wear volume.

scholarly journals Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method Using Acoustic Emission Signals for Bearings under Complex Working Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7068
Author(s):  
Minh Tuan Pham ◽  
Jong-Myon Kim ◽  
Cheol Hong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Bearing Fault ◽  
Bearing Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Ae Signals

Recent convolutional neural network (CNN) models in image processing can be used as feature-extraction methods to achieve high accuracy as well as automatic processing in bearing fault diagnosis. The combination of deep learning methods with appropriate signal representation techniques has proven its efficiency compared with traditional algorithms. Vital electrical machines require a strict monitoring system, and the accuracy of these machines’ monitoring systems takes precedence over any other factors. In this paper, we propose a new method for diagnosing bearing faults under variable shaft speeds using acoustic emission (AE) signals. Our proposed method predicts not only bearing fault types but also the degradation level of bearings. In the proposed technique, AE signals acquired from bearings are represented by spectrograms to obtain as much information as possible in the time–frequency domain. Feature extraction and classification processes are performed by deep learning using EfficientNet and a stochastic line-search optimizer. According to our various experiments, the proposed method can provide high accuracy and robustness under noisy environments compared with existing AE-based bearing fault diagnosis methods.

scholarly journals Study of a Low-Cost Piezoelectric Sensor for Three Phase Induction Motor Load Estimation

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme B. Lucas ◽  
Bruno A. de Castro ◽  
Marco A. Rocha ◽  
Andre L. Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Load Estimation ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Induction Motor Load

Due the complexity of control and automation networks in modern industries, sensor-based systems stand out as effective approaches for failure detection in electrical and mechanical machines. This kind of intervention has a high operational value in industrial scenarios, once it can avoid corrective maintenance stops, i.e., before the failure reaches a high level of severity and compromises the machine. Consequently, the development of sensors applied to non-destructive techniques (NDT) for failure monitoring in electrical machines has become a recurrent theme in recent studies. In this context, this paper investigates the application of low-cost piezoelectric sensors for vibration analysis, which is an NDT that has already proved to be efficient for the detection of many structural anomalies in induction motors. Further, the proposed work presents a low-cost alternative approach for expensive commercial sensors, which will make this NDT more attractive for industrial applications. To describe the piezoelectric sensor frequency response, a pencil lead break (PLB) test was performed. After this validation, the Root Mean Square (RMS) value from the voltage samples obtained in the test bench was used as a signal processing method. A comparison between the results for different levels of mechanical load attached to the machine shaft indicated not only the successful performance of the low-cost sensors for load estimation purposes, but also showed that oversized motors may present higher vibration levels in some components that could cause mechanical wearing.

scholarly journals Real-Time Low-Cost Speed Monitoring and Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor via a Voltage/Frequency Control Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ali Hmidet ◽  
Olfa Boubaker
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Voltage Frequency

In this paper, a new design of a real-time low-cost speed monitoring and closed-loop control of the three-phase induction motor (IM) is proposed. The proposed solution is based on a voltage/frequency (V/F) control approach and a PI antiwindup regulator. It uses the Waijung Blockset which considerably alleviates the heaviness and the difficulty of the microcontroller’s programming task incessantly crucial for the implementation and the management of such complex applications. Indeed, it automatically generates C codes for many types of microcontrollers like the STM32F4 family, also used in this application. Furthermore, it offers a cost-effective design reducing the system components and increasing its efficiency. To prove the efficiency of the suggested design, not only simulation results are carried out for a wide range of variations in load and reference speed but also experimental assessment. The real-time closed-loop control performances are proved using the aMG SQLite Data Server via the UART port board, whereas Waijung WebPage Designer (W2D) is used for the web monitoring task. Experimental results prove the accuracy and robustness of the proposed solution.

scholarly journals Non-Precious Electrodes for Practical Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro N. Colli ◽  
Hubert H. Girault ◽  
Alberto Battistel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
Cell Components

Water electrolysis is a promising approach to hydrogen production from renewable energy sources. Alkaline water electrolyzers allow using non-noble and low-cost materials. An analysis of common assumptions and experimental conditions (low concentrations, low temperature, low current densities, and short-term experiments) found in the literature is reported. The steps to estimate the reaction overpotentials for hydrogen and oxygen reactions are reported and discussed. The results of some of the most investigated electrocatalysts, namely from the iron group elements (iron, nickel, and cobalt) and chromium are reported. Past findings and recent progress in the development of efficient anode and cathode materials appropriate for large-scale water electrolysis are presented. The experimental work is done involving the direct-current electrolysis of highly concentrated potassium hydroxide solutions at temperatures between 30 and 100 °C, which are closer to industrial applications than what is usually found in literature. Stable cell components and a good performance was achieved using Raney nickel as a cathode and stainless steel 316L as an anode by means of a monopolar cell at 75 °C, which ran for one month at 300 mA cm−2. Finally, the proposed catalysts showed a total kinetic overpotential of about 550 mV at 75 °C and 1 A cm−2.

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