scholarly journals A Novel Hook-Shaped Antenna Operating at 28 GHz for Future 5G mmwave Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Mian Kamal ◽  
Shouyi Yang ◽  
Saad Kiani ◽  
Daniyal Sehrai ◽  
Mohammad Alibakhshikenari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Element Array

To address atmospheric attenuation and path loss issues in the mmwave portion of the spectrum, high gain and narrow beam antenna systems are essential for the next generation communication networks. This paper presents a novel hook-shaped antenna array for 28 GHz 5G mmwave applications. The proposed antenna was fabricated on commercially available Rogers 5880 substrate with thickness of 0.508 mm and dimensions of 10 × 8 mm2. The proposed shape consists of a circle with an arc-shaped slot on top of it and T-shaped resonating lengths are introduced in order to attain broad band characteristics having gain of 3.59 dBi with radiation and total efficiency of 92% and 86% for single element. The proposed structure is transformed into a four-element array with total size of 26.9 × 18.5 mm2 in order to increase the gain up to 10.3 dBi at desired frequency of interest. The four-element array is designed such that it exhibits dual-beam response over the entire band of interest and the simulated results agree with fabricated prototype measurements. The proposed antenna array, because of its robustness, high gain, and dual-beam characteristics can be considered as a potential candidate for the next generation 5G communication systems.

scholarly journals A Novel High Gain Monopole Antenna Array for 60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Communications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4546
Author(s):  
Tarek S. Mneesy ◽  
Radwa K. Hamad ◽  
Amira I. Zaki ◽  
Wael A. E. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Single Element ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Element Array

This paper presented the design and implementation of a 60 GHz single element monopole antenna as well as a two-element array made of two 60 GHz monopole antennas. The proposed antenna array was used for 5G applications with radiation characteristics that conformed to the requirements of wireless communication systems. The proposed single element was designed and optimized to work at 60 GHz with a bandwidth of 6.6 GHz (57.2–63.8 GHz) and a maximum gain of 11.6 dB. The design was optimized by double T-shaped structures that were added in the rectangular slots, as well as two external stubs in order to achieve a highly directed radiation pattern. Moreover, ring and circular slots were made in the partial ground plane at an optimized distance as a defected ground structure (DGS) to improve the impedance bandwidth in the desired band. The two-element array was fed by a feed network, thus improving both the impedance bandwidth and gain. The single element and array were fabricated, and the measured and simulated results mimicked each other in both return loss and antenna gain.

scholarly journals Donut-Shaped mmWave Printed Antenna Array for 5G Technology

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Mian Muhammad Kamal ◽  
Shouyi Yang ◽  
Saad Hassan Kiani ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Anjum ◽  
Mohammad Alibakhshikenari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Printed Antenna ◽  
Central Frequency ◽  
Ring Shape ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Slotted Antenna

This article presents compact and novel shape ring-slotted antenna array operating at mmWave band on central frequency of 28 GHz. The proposed structure designed at 0.256 mm thin Roggers 5880 is composed of a ring shape patch with a square slot etched at the top mid-section of partial ground plane. Through optimizing the ring and square slot parameters, a high bandwidth of 8 GHz is achieved, ranging from 26 to 32 GHz, with a simulated gain of 3.95 dBi and total efficiency of 96% for a single element. The proposed structure is further transformed in a 4-element linear array manner. With compact dimensions of 20 mm × 22 mm for array, the proposed antenna delivers a high simulated gain of 10.7 dBi and is designed in such a way that it exhibits dual beam response over the entire band of interest and simulated results agree with fabricated prototype measurements.

Laser micro-machined 28 GHz broad band single feed microstrip antenna for 5G mm-wave applications

Circuit World ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Melvin C. Jose ◽  
Radha Sankararajan ◽  
Sreeja B.S. ◽  
Pratap Kumar Pratap Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Substrate Thickness ◽  
Antenna Structure ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to propose a laser micro-machined 4 × 4 elements microstrip array antenna suitable for 5 G millimeter wave (mm-wave) applications. Each patch element of the array is excited with same amplitude and phase that is achieved with proper novel impedance matching stub. The proposed antenna achieves a simulated gain of 13.15 dBi and a measured return loss of −24.80 dB at 28.73 GHz with a total bandwidth of 7.48 GHz. The designed antenna is directional with a directivity of 15.1 dBi at 28.73 GHz, whereas fabricated on a low cost FR4 substrate with a substrate thickness of 0.074 λ mm. The antenna is realized with an aperture size of 2.24λ × 3.26λ. Design/methodology/approach The antenna structure starts from the design of single element called unit cell. The single element is designed using the transmission line model equations of a rectangular patch. To design a 28 GHz microstrip patch antenna, a dielectric material with lower permittivity and having thickness (h) less than 1 mm is required. This specification gives better gain and efficiency by reducing surface waves and mutual coupling between elements. The inset width is optimized to achieve the minimum reflection coefficient (S11). The single element has been arranged with a minimum spacing of λ/2 (5.3571 mm) in an H plane and E plane. It is connected using the microstrip lines with proper impedance matching. The four 2 × 2-sub array cell subsystems are connected with a corporate feed together formed the 4 × 4-array cell. Rectangular planar array method is used to arrange the elements in the 4 × 4 array cell. Findings The design concept is simple which includes the combination of corporate feed and insect feed. It is compact in size and easy to fabricate. The bandwidth of fabricated prototype antenna array is achieved as 7.48 GHz from 24.98 GHz to 32.46 GHz. The mutual coupling is very less though the antenna array is placed with minimum spacing between adjacent elements. This is because of the microstrip feeding structure with minimum phase shift. The gain can be further enhanced with increasing number of array element and proper designing of feed line. Owing to the advantages of low profile, wide bandwidth and high gain, the designed array will be potentially useful in 5 G wireless communications. Originality/value The measured antenna offers bandwidth 7.48 GHz (24.98 GHz-32.46 GHz) with centered frequency 28.73 GHz. The agreement between simulated and measured results is good. The VSWR is observed 0.32 < 2, offers good impedance matching and low mutual coupling. It gives better E-Field and H-field radiation patterns of the 4 × 4 array antenna structure at 28 GHz. The total gain of 13.14 dBi is achieved at the center frequency. The total efficiency of 63.42 per cent is achieved with FR4 substrate.

Sub-terahertz (THz) antenna for Internet of Things and 6G Communication

Frequenz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamsakutty Vettikalladi ◽  
Waleed Tariq Sethi ◽  
Wonsuk Ko
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Single Element ◽  
High Frequency Structure Simulator ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Intelligent Communication

Abstract Sub-terahertz (THz) technology is expected to deliver exceptional data rates for future sixth generation wireless communication systems especially for intelligent communication among devices falling under the Internet of Things (IoT) category. Moving from current 5G millimeter wave (mmW) technology towards THz spectrum will eventually provide unprecedented solutions that will guarantee higher transmission rates and channel capacity for any wireless communication system. With various electronic and wireless components working together to fulfill this promise, high gain antennas having compact profile is one such technology that will aid in achieving sub-THz communication while offering low path and power losses with reliable and fast data transfers. In this context, this work proposes a novel deformed patch antenna operating in the sub-THz spectrum i.e. at 300 GHz band. The proposed antenna is fed via a microstrip line following the proximity coupled feeding technique. Utilizing this technique provides a wide impedance bandwidth with a broadside radiation pattern having minimum side lobe levels of around −12 dB and a directivity of 10–15 dBi for the single and array elements respectively. The proposed design has a small footprint of 1.5 × 1.5 × 0.06 mm3 for the single element while the array element has dimensions of 6 × 5 × 0.06 mm3. Both the designs have been simulated in Computer Simulation Technology-Microwave Studio (CST-MWS) and the results verified via high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulator. The results confirm the viability of the proposed designs to be potential candidates for future sixth generation and IoT based applications.

scholarly journals Miniature Dual-Band Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slotted Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fei-Peng Lai ◽  
Lu-Wu Chang ◽  
Yen-Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Substrate Integrated Waveguide ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Half Power

A compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna array that operates at 28 GHz and 38 GHz is proposed for fifth generation (5G) applications. The proposed array consists of four SIW cavities fabricated on one single layer of substrate. Each cavity implements a rhombic slot and a triangular-split-ring slot, resonating on TE101 and TE102 modes at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. In comparison with dual-band SIW antennas in the literature, the proposed configuration depicts a miniature footprint (28.7 × 30.8 mm2) without stacking substrates. To excite the four cavities with equal power, a broadband power divider that supports the propagation of TE10 mode is designed. Accordingly, the impedance bandwidths are 26.6–28.3 GHz and 36.8–38.9 GHz. The measured realized peak gain over the lower and higher bands is 9.3–10.9 dBi and 8.7–12.1 dBi, respectively. The measured half-power beam widths (HPBWs) at 28 GHz and 38 GHz are 20.7° and 15.0°, respectively. Considering these characteristics, including dual bands, high gain, narrow beam widths, miniaturization, and single layer, the proposed antenna array is a suitable candidate for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems with the flexibility in switching operating frequency bands against channel quality variations.

scholarly journals Compact and High Gain 4 × 4 Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Next Generation Small Satellite

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8869
Author(s):  
Manzoor Elahi ◽  
Son Trinh-Van ◽  
Youngoo Yang ◽  
Kang-Yoon Lee ◽  
Keum-Cheol Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Axial Ratio ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Small Satellite ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Left Handed

In this article, a high gain and compact 4 × 4 circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna array is reported for the data transmission of the next-generation small satellite. The radiating element of the circularly polarized antenna array is realized by the conventional model of the patch with truncated corners. A compact two-stage sequential rotational phase feeding is adopted that broadens the operating bandwidth of the 4 × 4 array. A small stub is embedded in the sequential rotational feed, which results in better performance in terms of the S-parameters and sequential phases at the output ports than sequential rotational feed without open stub. A prototype of the array is fabricated and measured. Fulfilling the application requirements of the next-generation small satellites, the array has the left-handed circularly polarized gain of more than 12 dBic with the axial ratio level below 1.5 dB in the ±10∘ angular space with respect to the broadside direction for the whole bandwidth from 8.05 GHz to 8.25 GHz. Moreover, the left-handed circularly polarized gain varies from 15 to 15.5 dBic in the desired band. The radiation patterns are measured; both the co- and X-pol are validated.

scholarly journals A Review of Antenna Array Technologies for Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint Wireless Communications at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
G. Federico ◽  
D. Caratelli ◽  
G. Theis ◽  
A. B. Smolders
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Technical Solutions

With the introduction of 5G communication systems operating in the mm-wave frequency range, new opportunities in terms of multimedia services and applications will become available. For this to happen, several technical challenges from an antenna standpoint need to be addressed. The achievements of high-gain characteristics and agile beamforming with wide-scan capabilities are the main targets of the ongoing research on mm-wave antenna arrays. In this paper, an up-to-date overview of antenna array technology for wireless communications at mm-wave frequencies is given. Particular focus is put on the review of the state-of-the art and most advanced antenna array concepts for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint radio links at said frequencies. Various figures of merit are assessed for a comprehensive analysis and bench marking of the technical solutions investigated in the presented survey.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Corporate Fed Two Element Antennae Array using Miters

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2777-2781
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Array Antenna ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Challenging Issue ◽  
Wireless Application ◽  
Element Array

In wireless communication systems, designing of antennae with required parameters is an challenging issue. So, The approach in this paper is to design a corporate fed 2 element antenna array is designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using an FR-4 substrate of height h=1.6mm. For wireless application all the antenna parameters are analysed for two element array antenna with element spacing λ, λ/2 and with miters. It is observed that bandwidth decreases by decreasing the element spacing. But by using miters for antenna with element spacing bandwidth and reflection coefficient are improved. All the antennae are fabricated and tested using VNA E5071C.

scholarly journals High-Gain Circularly-Polarized Elliptically-Annular Antenna-Array with Reduced Side-Lobe Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2319-2325
Keyword(s):  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Gain Enhancement

A single feed microstrip patch elliptically annular antenna array has been proposed for high gain circularly polarized (CP) radiation. An array of elliptically annular patches antenna resonates at a frequency of 3.77 GHz which can be used in satellite communication and radar application. A corporate feed network with quarter-wave transformer has been used for uniform excitation of all the array elements. Thus a good circular polarization is obtained by using a single feed with enhanced gain 15.62 dB compared to single patch. The radiation pattern, axial ratio and input impedance of the proposed elliptically annular antenna array is compared with single element elliptically annular antenna. A substantial gain enhancement with low side lobe level (SLL) is observed keeping circular polarization intact. Further, simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna array have been compared and found that axial ratio and gain are in good agreement.

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