scholarly journals Potential of Pressure Sensor Based Mass Estimation Methods for Electric Buses

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Utz Spaeth ◽  
Heiko Fechtner ◽  
Michele Weisbach ◽  
Benedikt Schmuelling
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Mass Estimation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Pressure Changes

One approach to improve the economic efficiency of trolleybuses in the so-called BOB Project in the German town of Solingen is to use them as mobile energy storages in a smart grid. To achieve this, reliable information on available energy is essential, which in turn needs to be derived from a precise range calculator. As shown in this article, vehicle mass is a strong influencing factor, especially in urban traffic. Depending on passenger volume, the total mass and range of the bus varies by about 30 percent. The currently available mass on the bus fluctuates by more than 2 tons for constant payloads, and there is no proven solution for a more accurate mass estimation for buses in public passenger transportation. Therefore, this article presents a viable methodology to detect changes in payload, using high precision pressure sensors on the bus’s tires and air suspensions. These mass inducted pressure changes are extracted from the measurement data, using a filter to be later converted back into the corresponding masses. As the article will show, both approaches have their respective advantages and disadvantages, but have high potential and should therefore be investigated further.

PENGEMBANGAN ”REAL TIME TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEM” BAGI PENGGUNA JALAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusmadi Suyuti
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Road User ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Traffic Counts ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Demand Models

Traffic information condition is a very useful  information for road user because road user can choose his best route for each trip from his origin to his destination. The final goal for this research is to develop real time traffic information system for road user using real time traffic volume. Main input for developing real time traffic information system is an origin-destination (O-D) matrix to represent the travel pattern. However, O-D matrices obtained through a large scale survey such as home or road side interviews, tend to be costly, labour intensive and time disruptive to trip makers. Therefore, the alternative of using traffic counts to estimate O-D matrices is particularly attractive. Models of transport demand have been used for many years to synthesize O-D matrices in study areas. A typical example of the approach is the gravity model; its functional form, plus the appropriate values for the parameters involved, is employed to produce acceptable matrices representing trip making behaviour for many trip purposes and time periods. The work reported in this paper has combined the advantages of acceptable travel demand models with the low cost and availability of traffic counts. Two types of demand models have been used: gravity (GR) and gravity-opportunity (GO) models. Four estimation methods have been analysed and tested to calibrate the transport demand models from traffic counts, namely: Non-Linear-Least-Squares (NLLS), Maximum-Likelihood (ML), Maximum-Entropy (ME) and Bayes-Inference (BI). The Bandung’s Urban Traffic Movement survey has been used to test the developed method. Based on several statistical tests, the estimation methods are found to perform satisfactorily since each calibrated model reproduced the observed matrix fairly closely. The tests were carried out using two assignment techniques, all-or-nothing and equilibrium assignment.  

Heading Measurement Based on Ultrasonic and Magnetic Compass

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 896-900
Author(s):  
Bao Jiang Sun ◽  
Yue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Integrated Navigation ◽  
Adaptive Kalman Filter ◽  
Integrated Navigation System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Measurement Principle

Describes briefly ultrasonic positioning system (UPS) and digital magnetic compass (DMC) heading measurement principle,analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each option. To improve the accuracy of the heading measurement, As the theoretical basis of adaptive Kalman filter, designed a kind of ups and dmc integrated navigation system. Based on both real measurement data, made a simulation experiment and confirmed the feasibility of the navigation system.

scholarly journals Abrupt glacier motion and reorganization of basal shear stress following the establishment of a connected drainage system

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (158) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Kavanaugh ◽  
Garry K. C. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Stable Configuration ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Pressure Pulses ◽  
Gradual Failure ◽  
Basal Shear ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Glacier Motion

AbstractThree episodes of strong basal motion occurred at Trapridge Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada, on 11 June 1995 following the establishment of a connected subglacial drainage system. Responses to these “spring events” are noted in the records for 42 instruments and were recorded throughout the ∼60 000 m2 study area. Strong basal motion during the events is indicated by ploughmeter, load-bolt and vertical-strain records, and abrupt pressure changes in several transducer records denote damage caused by extreme pressure pulses. These pressure pulses, generated by the abrupt basal motion, also resulted in the failure of seven pressure sensors. Records for pressure, turbidity and conductivity sensors indicate that basal drainage patterns did not change significantly during the events. Geophone records suggest that the episodes of basal motion were precipitated by the gradual failure of a “sticky spot” following hydraulic connection of part of the study area. This failure resulted in the transfer of basal stress to the unconnected region of the bed during the course of the events. No evidence for strong basal motion is seen in the instrument records for several weeks following the events, suggesting that the mechanical adjustments resulted in a stable configuration of basal stresses. This event illustrates how unstable situations can be quickly accommodated by mechanical adjustments at the glacier bed.

Energieversorgung in der Fabrik/Method for evaluating the energetic capacity in a factory for production expansion

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (07-08) ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
Alexander Mages ◽  
Ekrem Köse ◽  
Alexander Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Additional Production ◽  
Structured Approach

Mit der Erweiterung eines Produktionssystems um eine zusätzliche Produktionsanlage steht das Unternehmen vor der Frage, welche Energieströme zur Verfügung gestellt werden müssen und ob die Energieversorgung der Fabrik ausreichende Kapazitäten vorweisen kann. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein strukturiertes Vorgehen vor, wie diese Fragen aus energetischer Perspektive in einem frühen Planungsprozess adressiert werden können. Anhand der Methode werden die relevanten Rahmenbedingungen identifiziert und es wird aufgezeigt, welche Messdaten der Energieerzeuger nötig sind, um eine energetische Bewertung durchführen zu können.   Before including an additional production plant, a manufacturing company has to identify what energy flows need to be made available and whether the capacity of the factory‘s power supply system is sufficient. This paper presents a structured approach to address these issues from an energy perspective in an early planning process. This method helps to identify the factory framework and shows what measurement data are required to carry out an energetic evaluation of the available energy generators.

scholarly journals Long-term observations of tropospheric particle number size distributions and equivalent black carbon mass concentrations in the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Birmili ◽  
Kay Weinhold ◽  
Fabian Rasch ◽  
André Sonntag ◽  
Jia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Data Evaluation ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Ultrafine Aerosol ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. The German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) is a cooperative atmospheric observation network, which aims at improving the scientific understanding of aerosol-related effects in the troposphere. The network addresses research questions dedicated to both climate- and health-related effects. GUAN's core activity has been the continuous collection of tropospheric particle number size distributions and black carbon mass concentrations at 17 observation sites in Germany. These sites cover various environmental settings including urban traffic, urban background, rural background, and Alpine mountains. In association with partner projects, GUAN has implemented a high degree of harmonisation of instrumentation, operating procedures, and data evaluation procedures. The quality of the measurement data is assured by laboratory intercomparisons as well as on-site comparisons with reference instruments. This paper describes the measurement sites, instrumentation, quality assurance, and data evaluation procedures in the network as well as the EBAS repository, where the data sets can be obtained (doi:10.5072/guan).

The simultaneous use of ribonucleic acid, 35S, 2,6-diaminopimelic acid and 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid as markers of microbial nitrogen entering the duodenum of sheep

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Ling ◽  
P. J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Microbial N

1. Three sheep, each fitted with a ruminal cannula and duodenal re-entrant cannulas were given three isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets in a Latin-Square design. Each diet contained (/kg) approximately 400 g N as white fish meal, soya-bean meal or urea and approximately 600 g dry matter (dm) was barley grain. The diets were fed continuously and supplied about 28 g N/d.2. Total duodenal digesta was collected manually for 72 h and the proportions of microbial N in that digesta were simultaneously estimated for all sheep using RNA, radioactive sulphur (35S), diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) and aminoethylphosphonic acid (AEPA) as markers.3. Three of the estimation methods showed that the variable source of dietary N had the greatest (RNA P < 0.05, 35S P < 0.005, DAPA P < 0.1) effect on the proportions of microbial N in duodenal digesta, though differences between sheep accounted for some variation.4. These methods also ranked the diets in the order: urea > soya-bean meal > fish meal with respect to the proportions of digesta N that were microbial in origin; the respective mean values for these diets with the different markers were: RNA 0.98, 0.70, 0.56; 35S 0.92, 0.64, 0.54; DAPA 0.80, 0.47, 0.42.5. AEPA was found to be present in substantial quantities not only in isolated rumen protozoa, but also in dietary and bacterial material; an observation that invalidated its further use as a protozoal marker.6. Calculations using values obtained from the 35S procedure showed that the proportions of dietary N degraded within the rumen were 0.38, 0.43 and 0.89 for the white fish meal, soya-bean meal and barley respectively.7. The marker methods are compared and their advantages and disadvantages (real and apparent) are discussed. It is concluded that where microbial N estimates of a more general and comparative nature are required, the use of RNA as a marker is probably adequate. Where information for more exacting purposes is required, the use of 35S appears to be more appropriate.

Influence of the Exhaust System on Performance of a 4-Cylinder Supercharged Engine

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Trenc ◽  
F. Bizjan ◽  
A. Hribernik
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Good Utilization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Radial Turbines ◽  
Manifold System ◽  
Four Cylinders

Twin entry radial turbines are mostly used to drive compressors of small and medium size 6-cylinder diesel engines where the available energy of the undisturbed exhaust pulses can be efficiently used to drive the turbine of a turbocharger. Three selected cylinders feed two separated manifold branches and two turbine inlets and prevent negative interaction of pressure waves and its influence on the scavenging process of the individual cylinders. In the case of a four-stroke, 4-cylinder engine, two selected cylinders, directed by the firing order, can be connected to one (of the two) separated manifold branches that feeds one turbine entry. Good utilization of the pressure pulse energy, together with typically longer periods of reduced exhaust flow can lead to good overall efficiency of the “two-pulse” system. Sometimes this system can be superior to the single manifold system with four cylinders connected to one singleentry turbine. The paper describes advantages and disadvantages of the above described exhaust systems applied to a turbocharged and aftercooled 4-cylinder Diesel engine. Comparisons supported by the analyses of the numerical and experimental results are also given in the presented paper.

Benchmark Study of Five Optimization Algorithms for Weather Routing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helong Wang ◽  
Wengang Mao ◽  
Leif Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Benchmark Study ◽  
Routing Optimization ◽  
Weather Routing

Safety and energy efficiency are two of the key issues in the maritime transport community. A sail plan system, which combines the concepts of weather routing and voyage optimization, are recognized by the shipping industry as an efficient measure to ensure a ship’s safety, gain more economic benefit, and reduce negative effects on our environment. In such a system, the key component is to develop a proper optimization algorithm to generate potential ship routes between a ship’s departure and destination. In the weather routing market, four routing optimization algorithms are commonly used. They are the so-called modified Isochrone and Isopone methods, dynamic programming, threedimensional dynamic programming, and Dijkstra’s algorithm, respectively. Each optimization algorithm has its own advantages and disadvantages to estimate a ship routing with shortest sailing time or/and minimum fuel consumption. This paper will present a benchmark study that compare these algorithms for routing optimization aiming at minimum fuel consumption. A merchant ship sailing in the North Atlantic with full-scale performance measurements, are employed as the case study vessels for the comparison. The ship’s speed/power performance is based on the ISO2015 methods combined with the measurement data. It is expected to demonstrate the pros and cons of different algorithms for the ship’s sail planning.

Comparison of Highway Capacity Estimation Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (15) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamadamin Asgharzadeh ◽  
Alexandra Kondyli
Keyword(s):  
Kansas City ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Capacity Estimation ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Breakdown Probability ◽  
Consistent Performance

The capacity of a freeway segment is a critical factor for planning, design, and operational analysis of freeway facilities. This research aimed to perform a comparison among well-known freeway capacity estimation methods in order to investigate their application, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Single estimate capacity methods such as the Van Aerde method, and breakdown probability methods, such as the product limit method (PLM), the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) method, and the sustainable flow index (SFI) method, were applied at six merge bottleneck locations in the Kansas City area. The results from all methods were compared and the advantages and the disadvantages of each method were discussed. The HCM results showed a significant variability in the estimated breakdown probability function and the resulting capacities. The HCM method was also found to be sensitive to the breakdown probability ratios as a single breakdown observation can significantly shift the fitted distribution and the corresponding capacity estimate. The PLM model provided the highest capacity estimates, followed by the Van Aerde model capacities. The Van Aerde capacities were also found to be closer to the average pre-breakdown flow rates. Finally, the PLM and the SFI method showed consistent performance in comparison to the remaining methods, and flexibility in being applied on different sites with various characteristics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document