scholarly journals A Review on Biomedical MIMO Radars for Vital Sign Detection and Human Localization

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Cardillo ◽  
Alina Caddemi
Keyword(s):  
Vital Sign ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Sign Detection ◽  
Mimo Technology

This paper reports a thorough overview on the last developments concerning the vital sign detection and the human localization employing the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The wireless motion and vital sign detection represents an outstanding research area aimed at monitoring the health conditions of human subjects and at detecting their presence in different environments with minimal concern. MIMO radars exhibit several interesting advantages over conventional single-input-single-output architectures mainly related to their angle detection capabilities and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. This paper describes the main features and details the operating principles of MIMO technology. Thereafter, it summarizes the state-of-the-art of the available solutions with the purpose of fueling the research activities on this hot topic.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RELAYING SCHEMES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

2013 ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
MANISHA CRASTO BRAGANC ◽  
HASANALI G. VIRANI ◽  
SHAILESH KHANOLKAR
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Amplify And Forward ◽  
Decode And Forward ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Alamouti Coding

The evaluation of MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) Relay wireless system is carried out and compared against the performance of a SISO (single-input single-output) Relay wireless system. The encoding scheme used in MIMO is Alamouti coding and decoding is done by the Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector. A comparison is made between the SISO non-regenerative amplify-and-forward (AF) and regenerative decode-and-forward (DF) relaying schemes. The plots of bit error rate (BER) versus signal to noise ratio (SNR) are simulated by incorporating Rayleigh fading condition in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) using MATLAB.

scholarly journals Block Method for SolvingState-Space Equations of Linear Continuous-Time Control Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-329
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
The State ◽  
Block Method ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Time Control

This paper presents a newly developed method with new algorithms to find the numerical solution of nth-order state-space equations (SSE) of linear continuous-time control system by using block method. The algorithms have been written in Matlab language. The state-space equation is the modern representation to the analysis of continuous-time system. It was treated numerically to the single-input-single-output (SISO) systems as well as multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems by using fourth-order-six-steps block method. We show that it is possible to find the output values of the state-space method using block method. Comparison between the numerical and exact results has been given for some numerical examples for solving different types of state-space equations using block method for conciliated the accuracy of the results of this method.

scholarly journals MMSE-NP-RISIC-Based Channel Equalization for MIMO-SC-FDE Troposcatter Communication Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zedong Xie ◽  
Xihong Chen ◽  
Xiaopeng Liu ◽  
Yu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Intersymbol Interference ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Channel Equalization ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
Single Output ◽  
The Impact

The impact of intersymbol interference (ISI) on single-carrier frequency-domain equalization with multiple input multiple output (MIMO-SC-FDE) troposcatter communication systems is severe. Most of the channel equalization methods fail to solve it completely. In this paper, given the disadvantages of the noise-predictive (NP) MMSE-based and the residual intersymbol interference cancellation (RISIC) equalization in the single input single output (SISO) system, we focus on the combination of both equalization schemes mentioned above. After extending both of them into MIMO system for the first time, we introduce a novel MMSE-NP-RISIC equalization method for MIMO-SC-FDE troposcatter communication systems. Analysis and simulation results validate the performance of the proposed method in time-varying frequency-selective troposcatter channel at an acceptable computational complexity cost.

scholarly journals Nearest Neighbor Decoding and Pilot-Aided Channel Estimation for Fading Channels

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
A. Taufiq Asyhari ◽  
Tobias Koch ◽  
Albert Guillén i Fàbregas
Keyword(s):  
Channel Estimation ◽  
Fading Channels ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Flat Fading

We study the information rates of noncoherent, stationary, Gaussian, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) flat-fading channels that are achievable with nearest neighbor decoding and pilot-aided channel estimation. In particular, we investigate the behavior of these achievable rates in the limit as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) tends to infinity by analyzing the capacity pre-log, which is defined as the limiting ratio of the capacity to the logarithm of the SNR as the SNR tends to infinity. We demonstrate that a scheme estimating the channel using pilot symbols and detecting the message using nearest neighbor decoding (while assuming that the channel estimation is perfect) essentially achieves the capacity pre-log of noncoherent multiple-input single-output flat-fading channels, and it essentially achieves the best so far known lower bound on the capacity pre-log of noncoherent MIMO flat-fading channels. Extending the analysis to fading multiple-access channels reveals interesting relationships between the number of antennas and Doppler bandwidth in the comparative performance of joint transmission and time division multiple-access.

scholarly journals Estimating the Performance of MIMO SC-FDE Systems Using SISO Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7492
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes ◽  
Francisco Cercas ◽  
Rui Dinis ◽  
Pedro Sebastião
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Decision Feedback ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
Single Output ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Siso Systems

The demand for ubiquitous telecommunications services forces operators to have a special concern about signal quality and the coverage area they offer to their customers. This was usually checked by using suitable propagation models for Single Input Single Output (SISO) systems, which are no longer the case for new and future mobile generations, such as 5G and beyond. To guarantee good signal quality coverage, operators started to replace these models with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) ones. To achieve the best results, these models are usually calibrated with Drive Test (DT) measures; however, the DTs available for MIMO propagation models are sparse, in contrast to SISO ones. The main contribution presented in this paper is a methodology to extend the propagation models of SISO systems so they can be applied in MIMO sytems with Single-Carrier and Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE), while still using DTs acquired for SISO systems. This paper presents the impact on Bit Error Rate (BER) performance and its coverage area resulting from the application of our proposed method. We consider a MIMO SC-FDE system with an Iterative Block Decision Feedback Equalization (IB-DFE) receiver and we present the improvement expressions for the BER that we illustrate with some simulations.

scholarly journals Utilization of MIMO Concept for Optical Communication System under Fog Condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Farouk Shakir ◽  
Mazin Ali A. Ali ◽  
Firas Ameer
Keyword(s):  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
High Data ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Single Input

Free-space optical (FSO) communication consider license free, high data rate, wide bandwidth and cost-effective. Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) systems can be employed to reduce the attenuation by heavy fog and improve FSO channel capacity. In this paper a single-input single-output and multi–input multi-output examined to investigate the performance of these systems under heavy fog. A comparison is made in terms of received optical power, signal to noise ratio, and bit error rate (BER) using OptiSystem version 7.0. The signal reaches to link up to 1.7km, 1.55km, 1.5km, and 1.4km for 4Tx/4Rx, 3Tx/3Rx, 2Tx/2Rx, 1Tx/1Rxrespectively. The results showed that the quality of received power is enhancement by using up to four beams.

scholarly journals Impact of pointing error on SISO/MISO drones swarm-based free space optical system in weak turbulence regime

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Abdullah Jameel Mahdi ◽  
Wamidh Jalil Mazher ◽  
Osman Nuri Ucan
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Pointing Error ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Link Distance

<p>Applying the drone-based free space optical (FSO) technology is recent in communication systems. The FSO technology hashigh-security features dueto narrow beamwidth, insusceptible to interferences, free license and landline connection is not appropriate. However, these advantages face many obstacles that affect the system's performance, such as random weather conditions and misalignment. The pointing error Hpis one of the critical factors of the channel gain H. The related parameters of the Hp factor: the pointing error angles θr and the path length Z, were manipulated to extract the applicable values at various receiver diameter values. The proposed system has two topologies: single input single output (SISO) and multiple input single output (MISO), flying in weak atmospheric turbulence. The simulation was done using MATLAB software 2020. The average bit error rate (ABER) for the system versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were verified and analyzed. The results showed that at θr=10<sup>−3</sup>rad, Z increased in the range 10~100m for each one-centimeter increase of DR. At θr=10<sup>−2</sup>rad, the applicable Z was nearly 10% of the link distance Z when θr=10<sup>−3</sup>rad was applied. Consequently, an increase in θr must correspond decrease in Z and vice versa to maintain the system at high performance.</p>

scholarly journals A Triply Selective MIMO Channel Simulator Using GPUs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
R. Carrasco-Alvarez ◽  
R. Carreón-Villal ◽  
J. Vázquez Castillo ◽  
J. Ortegón Aguilar ◽  
O. Longoria-Gandara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Space Correlation ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Channel Simulator

A methodology for implementing a triply selective multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) simulator based on graphics processing units (GPUs) is presented. The resulting simulator is based on the implementation of multiple double-selective single-input single-output (SISO) channel generators, where the multiple inputs and the multiple received signals have been transformed in order to supply the corresponding space correlation of the channel under consideration. A direct consequence of this approach is the flexibility provided, which allows different propagation statistics to each SISO channel to be specified and thus more complex environments to be replicated. It is shown that under some specific constraints, the statistics of the triply selective MIMO simulator are the same as those reported in the state of art. Simulation results show the computational time improvement achieved, up to 650-fold for an 8 × 8 MIMO channel simulator when compared with sequential implementations. In addition to the computational improvement, the proposed simulator offers flexibility for testing a variety of scenarios in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) systems.

A Design Method for Stabilizing Modified Smith Predictors for Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output Time-Delay Plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kou Yamada ◽  
Nghia Thi Mai ◽  
Yoshinori Ando ◽  
Takaaki Hagiwara ◽  
Iwanori Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Smith Predictor ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Modified Smith Predictor ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Output Time

The modified Smith predictor is well known as an effective time-delay compensator for a plant with large time-delays, and several papers on the modified Smith predictor have been published. The parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors for single-input/single-output time-delay plants is obtained by Yamada et al. However, they do not examine the parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors for multiple-input/multiple-output time-delay plants. The purpose of this paper is to expand the result by Yamada et al. and to propose the parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors for multiple-input/multiple-output time-delay plants. Control characteristics of the control system using obtained parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors are also given. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to show the effectiveness of proposed parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors.

H∞ control system for a four-high stand rolling mill

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
G G Lisini ◽  
P Toni ◽  
M C Valigi
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Work Roll ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Revolution Speed ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Speed Control System

In steelworks the demand for a higher product quality level has improved the rolling mill process by means of a proper work roll speed control system. Firstly this paper proposes a lumped-parameter hot-rolling mill model. The rolling mill examined is reversible and equipped with an independent speed control system for each work roll (two single-input single-output systems). Therefore, the same revolution speed, essential for a high-quality process, can only be ensured by equal set point values. Nevertheless, during the process, different disturbance load torques cause speed differences and, even if they are not noticeable, rolled section defects cannot be avoided. The second part of the paper shows that it is possible to design a proper H∞ controller, to change the two independent control systems into a more complex multiple-input multiple-output system that will obtain decidedly better performances. Simulation examples have shown improvements.

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