scholarly journals Eco-Efficiency Assessment of the Application of Large-Scale Rechargeable Batteries in a Coal-Fired Power Plant

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Krawczyk ◽  
Anna Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of an eco-efficiency assessment of the application of large-scale rechargeable battery technology in electricity generation from coal. The eco-efficiency of electricity production in a 350 MW coal-fired power plant was calculated. Two production variants were compared: with the use of a lithium-ion battery of a 400 MWh capacity to optimize the operation of power blocks and without using the battery. Hard coal is one of the main fossil fuels used to generate electricity in Poland. Despite the growing share of electricity from renewable sources, this situation will persist for many more years. The main reasons for this are the high costs and long-lasting process of moving away from fossil fuels in the energy sector. Therefore, any technical solutions that can temporarily reduce the negative impact of coal-based power engineering on the environment should be considered. At the same time, the economic aspects of such solutions must be taken into account. That is why the eco-efficiency assessment method was chosen, which integrates economic and environmental aspects. The obtained results of the analyses indicate the occurrence of environmental and economic benefits resulting from the use of the battery in coal-fired power plants. It has been found that battery-based technology is more eco-efficient than technology without such a battery. A sensitivity analysis was carried out, which allowed the impact of individual computational variables on the eco-efficiency assessment result to be assessed. The results indicate that fuel prices (coal and heavy fuel oil—mazout) and CO2 emission allowances have the greatest impact on the eco-efficiency of the analyzed technology. It was also found that the factors related to the battery, such as its efficiency, life span, decrease of the capacity after 10 years of operation, and construction cost, have a much smaller impact on the results.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY SECURITY LEVEL AFTER IGNALINA NPP SHUTDOWN

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juozas Augutis ◽  
Ričardas Krikštolaitis ◽  
Sigita Pečiulytė ◽  
Inga Konstantinavičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Integral Characteristic ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the investigation of the impact of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) shutdown on Lithuanian energy security. The system of energy security indicators, covering technical, economic and socio-political aspects is presented. The integral characteristic of these indicators shows the level of energy security. The paper analyses the Lithuanian energy security level in 2007. To make a comparison, the energy security level in 2010, after the shutdown of Ignalina NPP, when Lithuanian Power Plant in Elektrėnai becomes the main electricity producer, is forecasted. Two alternatives are analysed: Lithuanian Power Plant uses either gas or heavy fuel oil for electricity production. The security level of each indicator, each indicator block and the total security level are presented as the result. Energy security indicators, which increased or decreased after the shutdown of Ignalina NPP, are analysed, including the indicators which have had the greatest impact on the change in energy security level. The influence of Ignalina NPP shutdown on CO2 emissions is presented. Also, electricity generating costs for different types of electricity production at a different discount rate are presented.

Seawater Scrubbing for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide in a Steam Turbine Power Plant

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akili D. Khawaji ◽  
Jong-Mihn Wie
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

The most popular method of controlling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in a steam turbine power plant is a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process that uses lime/limestone scrubbing. Another relatively newer FGD technology is to use seawater as a scrubbing medium to absorb SO2 by utilizing the alkalinity present in seawater. This seawater scrubbing FGD process is viable and attractive when a sufficient quantity of seawater is available as a spent cooling water within reasonable proximity to the FGD scrubber. In this process the SO2 gas in the flue gas is absorbed by seawater in an absorber and subsequently oxidized to sulfate by additional seawater. The benefits of the seawater FGD process over the lime/limestone process and other processes are; 1) The process does not require reagents for scrubbing as only seawater and air are needed, thereby reducing the plant operating cost significantly, and 2) No solid waste and sludge are generated, eliminating waste disposal, resulting in substantial cost savings and increasing plant operating reliability. This paper reviews the thermodynamic aspects of the SO2 and seawater system, basic process principles and chemistry, major unit operations consisting of absorption, oxidation and neutralization, plant operation and performance, cost estimates for a typical seawater FGD plant, and pertinent environmental issues and impacts. In addition, the paper presents the major design features of a seawater FGD scrubber for the 130 MW oil fired steam turbine power plant that is under construction in Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, Saudi Arabia. The scrubber with the power plant designed for burning heavy fuel oil containing 4% sulfur by weight, is designed to reduce the SO2 level in flue gas to 425 ng/J from 1,957 ng/J.

Manufacturer’s Entry in the Product-Sharing Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Tian ◽  
Baojun Jiang ◽  
Yifan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Impact

Problem definition: Mobile communications technologies and online platforms have enabled large-scale consumer-to-consumer (C2C) sharing of their underutilized products. This paper studies a manufacturer’s optimal entry strategy in the product-sharing market and the economic implications of its entry. Academic/practical relevance: Sharing of products or services among consumers has experienced dramatic growth in recent years. The impact of C2C sharing on traditional firms can be very significant. In response to C2C product sharing, many manufacturers (e.g., General Motors and BMW) have entered the product-sharing market to provide business-to-consumer (B2C) rental services in addition to outright sales to consumers. Methodology: We employ a game-theoretic analytical model for our analysis. Results: Our analysis shows that when C2C sharing has a low transaction cost and the manufacturer’s marginal cost of production is not very high, the manufacturer will find it not optimal to offer its own rental services to consumers. In contrast, when the C2C sharing transaction cost is high or the manufacturer’s marginal cost of production is high, the manufacturer should offer enough units of the products for rental to squeeze out C2C sharing (in expectation). When the C2C-sharing transaction cost and the manufacturer’s marginal cost are both in the middle ranges, the manufacturer’s rental services and the C2C sharing will coexist, in which case the manufacturer’s entry in the sharing market may reduce the total number of units of the product in the whole market, but increase the consumer surplus and the social welfare. This reduced number of products due to the manufacturer’s B2C rental service also suggests less environmental impact from production. Managerial implications: The production cost and the C2C sharing transaction cost play critical roles in determining the manufacturer’s optimal quantity to use for its B2C rental services and the equilibrium outcome. In some situations, the manufacturer’s entry in the sharing market provides not only economic benefits to the firm and consumers, but also environmental benefits to the society as a whole.

THE APPLICATION OF FUZZY AHP – VIKOR HYBRID METHOD TO INVESTIGATE THE STRATEGY FOR REDUCING AIR POLLUTION FROM DIESEL POWERED VESSELS

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Demirel ◽  
M Mollaoğlu ◽  
U Bucak ◽  
T Arslan ◽  
A Balin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Areas

The negative impact of air pollution on human health had become a vital issue as a result of the increasing use of fossil fuels in recent years. In this context, maritime transportation is one of the most contaminant sectors by using much more fossil fuels. Ships which have a major role in maritime transport, directly affect human health via its emissions, especially in marine areas close to the land such as around the ports, canals, and straits. In this study, strategies were gathered by evaluating International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations, European Union (EU) recommendations and the applications of the ship owner companies to reduce air pollution stem from ships, and considering the priority perception of these strategies, the effect level of the strategies at the marine areas where ships are approaching the land was analysed by the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process-Visekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (AHP- VIKOR) hybrid method. As a result of the study, the most effective strategies appeared as “Forbiddance of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) usage on Ships” and “Detection of Low Sulphur Fuel Usage by the help of Remote Detector Systems”, and it was seen that these strategies would be most effective in canal or strait passing of the ships. It was also revealed that the relevant expert opinions and IMO regulations meshed together, and it was pointed out the applications for increasing fuel quality.

Modeling Energy Portfolio Scoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Diaz ◽  
Joshua G. Behr ◽  
Rafael Landaeta ◽  
Francesco Longo ◽  
Letizia Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Hampton Roads ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
The Impact

U.S. regions are expected to follow the national trend towards investment in renewable energy as part of their electricity portfolio. The progress of energy portfolios that typically involves traditional methods, such as centralized nuclear and coal-fired generation, and towards cleaner- and renewable-source generation will impact economic growth and public health. Renewable electricity production must strike a balance among cost, reliability, and compatibility. The economic and health benefits obtained from developing an efficient energy portfolio make renewable energy alternatives an important consideration for regions endowed with natural resources. A portfolio mix of production method that considers the economic benefits while limiting adverse health and environmental impacts is attractive. This research proposes a System Dynamics simulation framework to support policy-making efforts in assessing the impact of energy portfolios. The authors demonstrate the utility of the framework by means of analyzing data that pertain to the U.S. Hampton Roads - Peninsula Region.

scholarly journals Energy Recovery from Sewage Sludge: The Case Study of Croatia

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinko Đurđević ◽  
Paolo Blecich ◽  
Željko Jurić
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Sludge Drying

Croatia produced 21,366 tonnes of dry matter (DM) sewage sludge (SS) in 2016, a quantity expected to surpass 100,000 tonnes DM by 2024. Annual production rates for future wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Croatia are estimated at 5.8–7.3 Nm3/people equivalent (PE) for biogas and 20–25 kgDM/PE of sewage sludge. Biogas can be converted into 12–16 kWhel/PE of electricity and 19–24 kWhth/PE of heat, which is sufficient for 30–40% of electrical and 80–100% of thermal autonomy. The WWTP autonomy can be increased using energy recovery from sewage sludge incineration by 60% for electricity and 100% of thermal energy (10–13 kWhel/PE and 30–38 kWhth/PE). However, energy for sewage sludge drying exceeds energy recovery, unless solar drying is performed. The annual solar drying potential is estimated between 450–750 kgDM/m2 of solar drying surface. The lower heating value of dried sewage sludge is 2–3 kWh/kgDM and this energy can be used for assisting sludge drying or for energy generation and supply to WWTPs. Sewage sludge can be considered a renewable energy source and its incineration generates substantially lower greenhouse gases emissions than energy generation from fossil fuels. For the same amount of energy, sewage sludge emits 58% fewer emissions than natural gas and 80% less than hard coal and fuel oil. Moreover, this paper analysed the feasibility of sludge disposal practices by analysing three scenarios (landfilling, co-incineration, and mono-incineration). The analysis revealed that the most cost-effective sewage sludge disposal method is landfilling for 60% and co-incineration for 40% of the observed WWTPs in Croatia. The lowest CO2 emissions are obtained with landfilling and mono-incineration in 53% and 38% of the cases, respectively.

Conceptual Design for an Industrial Prototype Graz Cycle Power Plant

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jericha ◽  
E. Go¨ttlich
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Gasification Products ◽  
Prototype Design ◽  
Industrial Prototype

The gas turbine system GRAZ CYCLE has been thoroughly studied in terms of thermodynamics and turbomachinery layout. What is to be presented here is a prototype design for an industrial size plant, suited for NG-fuel and coal and heavy fuel oil gasification products, capable to retain the CO2 from combustion and at the same time able to achieve maximum thermal efficiency. The authors hope for an international cooperation to make such a plant available within a few years.

Grid-Connected Nuclear Power Plant Key Issues Summary

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 530-535
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Jian Ding ◽  
Tian Tang ◽  
Zhang Sui Lin ◽  
Zhen Da Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Modeling ◽  
Modeling Simulation ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact

The current situation of nuclear power plants at home and abroad is described, and the impact of large-scale nuclear power accessing to the grid is analyzed, specifically in the aspects of nuclear power modeling, simulation, load following, reliability, fault diagnosis, etc. Nuclear power accessing to the grid will bring a series of problems, the causes of each problem, the main solutions and future development directions are summarized.

scholarly journals The orientation and migratory dynamics of the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, in Western Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon de Lestang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Panulirus Cygnus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oceanic Currents

Abstract Large-scale migrations are known to occur in numerous species, and in the case of the Western Rock Lobster, Panulirus cygnus, result in juveniles moving from nursery areas into deeper offshore breeding grounds. In 2008 the Western Rock Lobster fishery reduced harvest rates to increase legal and spawning biomass throughout the fishery, which also allowed greater numbers of lobsters to migrate. Increased lobster migration could potentially reduce biomass in some areas, thus adversely impacting commercial catch rates. Over 20 000 tag–recaptured lobsters were analysed to determine the dynamics underlying migration in this species and to assess the impact reduced harvest rates may have had on catches. This study showed that P. cygnus migration was associated with body size and water depth, and that magnetism and oceanic currents appear to be the most likely guideposts used for orientation. Size at migration varied in a constant fashion along the coast, being larger towards the southern end of the fishery and smallest at the offshore Abrolhos Islands. During the migration period, up to 50% of lobsters at their mean size of migration moved from coastal areas out towards deeper waters (>40 m), whereas <15% of those in deeper water at the same size moved significant distances northward. This behaviour appears to be contranatant, counteracting the downstream redistribution of larvae after their 9–11 month larval life. Reduced harvest rates and catches being focussed onto higher valued sedentary lobsters have allowed more lobsters to migrate. However, the numbers moving between management areas are relatively small, with the biological and economic benefits of fishing at a reduced exploitation rate outweighing losses to catches.

A Study of the Short Range Pollution Around a Power Plant Using Heavy Fuel Oil by Analysing Vanadium in Lichens

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nygård ◽  
L. Harju
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Vanadium Content ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Plasma Emission ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Dc Plasma

AbstractThe vanadium content of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes was determined in the vicinity of a power plant using heavy oil as fuel. For the chemical analysis a DC plasma emission spectrometer was used. Air dried samplesof the lichen contained between 1–4 and 57 parts per million (ppm) of vanadium. The highest concentrations were found in specimens collected less than 1 km from the power plant. Lichens collected 50 km from the plant contained less than 2 ppm of vanadium.

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