scholarly journals Comparison of Torrefaction and Hydrothermal Treatment as Pretreatment Technologies for Rice Husks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5158
Author(s):  
Tianjiao Cheng ◽  
Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo ◽  
Hiroshi Onoda
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Comparison Of Effectiveness

Many agricultural waste residues are generated in Southeast Asia while some areas in the region still do not have electricity. This study explores the potential effective utilization of agricultural residues in Southeast Asia to generate power. Firstly, visualization of the potential for energy generation was completed using a geographic information system (GIS). Secondly, a comparison of effectiveness was completed between the torrefaction and hydrothermal treatment of low-grade agricultural residues as pretreatment techniques for the modification of agricultural residues. In this study, the feasibility of utilizing rice residues was analyzed (i.e., rice husks, which are produced in large quantities in Southeast Asia) to determine their suitability for pretreatment as feedstock for power plants. This was assessed experimentally by focusing on the pyrolytic characteristics of the husks and the rate of ash change both before and after treatment, while the subsequent implications on transportation costs were also noted. The results indicated that the percentage of ash in torrefied rice husks was 26.7%, whereas the percentages of ash in rice husks that were treated with water or an NaOH solution were 13.96% and 8.87%, respectively. The reduction in transportation costs after compression was 90.8% for hydrothermal treatment and 88.7% for torrefaction.

scholarly journals Alkali-Hydrothermal Treatment of K-Rich Igneous Rocks for Their Direct Use as Potassic Fertilizers

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Aaron Mbissik ◽  
Abdellatif Elghali ◽  
Muhammad Ouabid ◽  
Otmane Raji ◽  
Jean-Louis Bodinier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Naoh Solution

Due to the increasing demand for conventional sources of potassium (K) and their inaccessibility by African countries, K-rich igneous rocks are increasingly studied as potential alternative sources. In this study, six potassic igneous rocks (syenites and trachytes) from the Tamazeght, Jbel Boho, Ait Saoun, and El Glo’a regions (Morocco) were sampled and characterized. Then they were hydrothermally treated to enhance their K release for potential use as potassic fertilizers. The raw materials are mainly formed by microcline (up to 74%), orthoclase (20–68%), albite (36–57%), biotite-muscovite (15–23%), and titanite, calcite, hematite, and apatite as accessory minerals. These samples were crushed and milled to reach a particle size <150 µm and mixed with 4 N NaOH solution in an autoclave. The liquid/solid (L/S) ratio was about 44 mL/50 g. The powders were allowed to react with the solution at 170 °C for 7 h. For all tests, NaOH reacted completely with the powders and no liquid was observed after the treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (IRTF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were carried out on treated samples to characterize the mineralogical and structural changes due to the alkali-hydrothermal treatment. Indeed, the treated samples revealed the presence of sodic neoformed phases such as thermonatrite, sodalite, analcime, and cancrinite. The treated material was leached for a week using deionized water and the elements released were measured using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The hydrothermal process showed a strong effect on structure breakdown as well as on the release of K and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Si, Mg, and Ca. Therefore, the alkali-hydrothermal treatment allowed the release of 50.5 wt% K. Moreover, the release of Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si were significantly increased. Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si release within raw materials was about (0.5–3.6), (3.5–31.4), (0.01–0.4), (0.01–0.3), (20–55), and (4.6–8) mg/kg, respectively, whereas treated samples showed a higher release of these elements. Quantitatively, Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si releases were about (10–11.8), (60–70), (7–20), (1.2–15), (218–1278), and (1119–2759) mg/kg, respectively. Consequently, the treated igneous rocks (syenite and trachyte) could be directly used as potassic fertilizers that would also be a source of other nutrients.

The Global Environmental Agenda of 2021 and the tasks of sustainable energy-ecological development and cooperation between Japan and countries Southeast Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 951-965
Author(s):  
Yana Vadimovna Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

The article discusses the main results of two major international summits held in October-November 2021, the key topics of which were the issues of the global fight against climate change and environmental protection. The decisions taken at these conferences, with the broad participation of world leaders, reflect the fundamental trends of the global environmental agenda. Within the framework of this agenda, Japan and the countries of Southeast Asia are building their modern energy and environmental cooperation. In this context, the article examines the main urgent tasks of energy-environmental interaction and sustainable development of Japan and the states of Southeast Asia. These countries are located in the Asia-Pacific region, which remains until now the main emitter of greenhouse gases in the world. However, the indicators of environmental pollution by Japan and the Southeast Asian countries are relatively not so high, compared to some other states in the region and the world. The article discusses the most relevant and significant examples of bilateral and multilateral cooperation between these countries in areas related to curbing global warming and climate protection. It has been revealed that with all the efforts made, since the 1990s, the indicators of reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere in Japan remain modest and even lag behind some of the Western countries. The Southeast Asian countries show a serious attitude to the development of renewable energy, but their intention to abandon coal still raises some doubts about the methods of implementing this ambitious plan. In particular, it is currently not entirely clear whether these countries are preparing to make a full-fledged "energy transition" in the coming decades, or whether they just intend to replace their coal-fired thermal power plants with gas ones.

Novel environment friendly olive pomace-cyclohexanone formaldehyde composite resin

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selda Sert ◽  
Nilgün Kızılcan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Naoh Solution

Purpose Cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin (CFR) was in situ modified with olive pomace (OP) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The purpose of this study is to produce eco-friendly OP modified cyclohexanone composite resins (OPCFCR) with a one-step method that has higher condensation reaction temperature than CFR. The water absorption properties, gloss value and cross-cut adhesion properties of the product were investigated. Design/methodology/approach Cyclohexanone, formalin (37% aqueous solution) and tannin were mixed and 20% aqueous NaOH solution was added to produce the resin. OP has environmentally friendly bio-based lignin, cellulose and phenolic compounds and the OP structure has been incorporated into the structure of the CFR resin during the in situ modification, such as resole resin and polysaccharide. The weights of pomace were used as 5% and 10% of the weight of cyclohexanone in cyclohexanone-formaldehyde composite resins, respectively. Findings There is an improvement in the properties of the OPCFCR produced from an agricultural waste that is very abundant in Gulf of Edremit region of Balikesir. The OPCFCRs were soluble in common organic solvents. The product OPCFCR has a dark red-brown color. Research limitations/implications The reaction mixture must be stirred continuously. Subsequently, 37% formalin was added dropwise in total while refluxing. The amount of aqueous NaOH solution is limited as the formed resin may become insoluble in common organic solvents. At the end of the reaction, a water-insoluble resin is obtained. Practical implications This study provides the application of ketonic resins. The OPCFCR containing phenolic groups may also promote the adhesive strength of a coating. Social implications These resins may be used for the preparation of adhesive. OP, with a large amount of catechol groups, was considered for reducing the formaldehyde emission level on the adhesive system. Originality/value OPCFCR has been synthesized in the presence of a base catalyst. Environmental and ecological concerns have increased the attention paid by chemical industry to renewable raw materials.

Empirical Equilibrium Study on Rice Husk and Eggshells as Low Cost Bioadsorbent for the Methylene Blue Removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Nurul Hanim Razak ◽  
Md. Razali Ayob ◽  
M.A.M. Zainin ◽  
M.Z. Hilwa
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Equilibrium Study ◽  
Porosity Characterization

Eggshells and rice husk, two types of notable agricultural waste were used as bioadsorbent to remove Methylene Blue dye (MBD) in aqueous solution. This study was to investigate the performance of these two bioadsorbents in removing MBD. The removal percentage, adsorption capacity, and porosity characterization were examined. The method applied was a physical filtration. UV-VIS Spectrophotometer was used to determine the efficiency of the bioadsorbents in MBD adsorption. The highest removal percentage at the most concentrated MBD were 51% and 98% for eggshells and rice husks respectively. Meanwhile the characterization of rice husks pore size and volume proves that higher adsorptivity towards dye compares to eggshells porosity. It was concluded that the eggshells and rice husks bioadsorbents was successful to treat industrial textile wastewater with rice husks as the most efficient bioadsorbent in removing MBD.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the thermochemical treatment of the low-grade coal prior to boiler combustion at coal-fired power station

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 00119
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Yemelianenko ◽  
Vitalii Pertsevyi ◽  
Oleksandr Zhevzhyk ◽  
Iryna Potapchuk ◽  
Oleksandr Lutai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Coal Fuel

Analysis of the perspectives of the coal fuel for thermal power plants is carried out. The necessity of the experimental study for temperature measurement in the boiler furnace. The results of the experimental study are presented: temperature change over time at the burner outlet for different constant pressure value of the backlighting gas, dependence of the temperature at the burner outlet from the backlighting gas pressure for constant concentration value of pulverized coal in coal-air mixture, dependence of the temperature at the burner outlet from the concentration of pulverized coal in coal-air mixture for constant value of the backlighting gas pressure, temperature measurements for constant backlighting gas pressure value, constant value of the concentration of pulverized coal in coal-air mixture when plasmatron is switched and operates for some time range. The results of the study could be applied to the solid fuel treatment for different thermal units.

A Study on Absorption Coefficient of Sustainable Acoustic Panels from Rice Husks and Sugarcane Baggase

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrah Zuhaira Ismail ◽  
Mohamad Nidzam Rahmat ◽  
Norishahaini M. Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Porosity Level ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Sound Reduction

Noise has detrimental effects on human lives and it is a nuisance to the environment. As many of the available sound reduction materials in the current market are hazardous, there are demands for alternative sustainable materials to reduce the noise problem. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the potential of using an agricultural waste as sound absorption panel. For the purpose of this study, the combination of two materials was under studied; rice husks and sugarcane baggase. There were two main objective of the research; first is to develop absorption panels from the combination of rice husks and sugarcane baggase at different percentage of mixture. Second objective is to identify the absorption rate of the panels. The study encompasses the fabrication of the sustainable sound panels using the rice husk and sugarcane fibre and bond using Phenol formaldehyde (PF). Five panels of sized 12 inch x 12 inch and 12 mm thick were fabricated. The absorption coefficient of the samples was done at the acoustic lab, Faculty of Engineering & Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi. The panels were tested using an impedance tube. The procedure of the test was carried out in accordance with ISO 10534-2:1998 standards. Based on the results, sample 1 gave the highest absorption coefficient compared to sample 2, 3, 4 and 5. It can be concluded that the acoustic panel made from a mixture of 100% rice husks had higher absorption co-efficient compared to the performance of the other samples given the fact that the characteristic of the rice husks which has air gap in every single piece of rice husk. The spongy properties of the sample 1 panel has created many void spaces which encouraged more sound absorption capability due to the porous surface of the panel. Sound absorption is very much affected by the availability of porosity level of the panel. Thus, further studies on other potential materials from waste should be conducted.Keywords. Noise, Agriculture waste, sound, absorption panels, absorption co-efficient

Development of the Trilateral Flash Cycle System: Part 1: Fundamental Considerations

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
I K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
World Market ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Cycle Systems ◽  
Power Recovery

The world market for systems for power recovery from low-grade heat sources is of the order of £1 billion per annum. Many of these sources are hot liquids or gases from which conventional power systems convert less than 2.5 per cent of the available heat into useful power when the fluid is initially at a temperature of 100° C rising to 8–9 per cent at an initial temperature of 200°C. Consideration of the maximum work recoverable from such single-phase heat sources leads to the concept of an ideal trilateral cycle as the optimum means of power recovery. The trilateral flash cycle (TFC) system is one means of approaching this ideal which involves liquid heating only and two-phase expansion of vapour. Previous work related to this is reviewed and details of analytical studies are given which compare such a system with various types of simple Rankine cycle. It is shown that provided two-phase expanders can be made to attain adiabatic efficiencies of more than 75 per cent, the TFC system can produce outputs of up to 80 per cent more than simple Rankine cycle systems in the recovery of power from hot liquid streams in the 100–200°C temperature range. The estimated cost per unit net output is approximately equal to that of Rankine cycle systems. The preferred working fluids for TFC power plants are light hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals ESTUDO SOBRE A POSSIBILIDADE DE PRODUZIR BIOGÁS PROVENIENTE DE RESÍDUOS DA AGROPECUÁRIA NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Anderson Labegalini De Campos ◽  
Anderson De Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Josenilda Guimarães Lopes ◽  
Renê Faria De Araújo ◽  
Ronaldo Pereira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Energy Matrix ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental

ESTUDO SOBRE A POSSIBILIDADE DE PRODUZIR BIOGÁS PROVENIENTE DE RESÍDUOS DA AGROPECUÁRIA NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS   ANDERSON LABEGALINI DE CAMPOS1; ANDERSON DE OLIVEIRA PEREIRA2; JOSENILDA GUIMARÃES LOPES3; RENÊ FARIA DE ARAÚJO4 E RONALDO PEREIRA LIMA5   Mestrado de Agroenergia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Avenida NS 15, Quadra 109 Norte, Plano Diretor Norte (Prédio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroenergia), CEP 77001-090, Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; 5 [email protected]   RESUMO: O Tocantins, entre os estados do Brasil, é um dos que possuem valores superiores em quantidade de rebanhos de gado de corte, e a bovinocultura de leite cresce de forma continuada, favorecida pelas condições climáticas. Em 2015, o estado produziu 8 milhões de bovinos e bubalinos, 296 mil suínos e 158,9 mil caprinos. As fronteiras socioeconômicas terão uma melhora significativa com a utilização de resíduos gerados na atividade rural para a geração de energia, assim como para a redução dos prejuízos ao meio ambiente, ocasionados pelos resíduos produzidos. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de produção de biogás para a geração de energia, por meio da fermentação de resíduos oriundos da agricultura e pecuária do estado do Tocantins. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica, a sistemática, a descritiva e a explicativa. Verificou-se, com este artigo, a relevância social, ambiental e econômica da inserção da energia produzida a partir dos resíduos agropecuários na Matriz Energética Brasileira. Ainda que tenham custos para instalar o sistema no Estado, a utilização de digestores fermentativos é uma alternativa para diminuir os problemas com a destinação inadequada dos resíduos agropecuários, além de ser uma forma de energia limpa, este método possuí uma fonte de recursos com o comercio dos créditos de carbono, devido a não emissão do gás metano.   Palavras-chave: resíduos agropecuários, energia, biogás.   STUDY ON THE POSSIBILITY OF BIOGAS PRODUCING FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTE THE STATE OF TOCANTINS   ABSTRACT: Beef and dairy cattle growing is one of the biggest production in the State of Tocantins - Brazil, favored by weather conditions. In 2015, the state produced 8 million cattle and buffalo, 296,000 pigs and 158,900 goats. The socioeconomic boundaries will have a significant improvement with the use of waste generated in rural activity for the generation of energy, as well as the reduction of environmental damage caused by the waste produced. Given the above, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the potential of biogas production for energy generation, through the fermentation of residues from the Tocantins state agriculture and livestock. The methodology used was the literature review, the systematic, the descriptive and the explanatory. This article verified the social, environmental and economic relevance of the insertion of energy produced from agricultural residues in the Brazilian Energy Matrix. Although they have costs to install the system in the state, the use of fermentative digesters is an alternative to reduce the problems with the improper disposal of agricultural residues, besides being a form of clean energy, this method has a source of resources with the trade. carbon credits due to non-emission of methane gas.   Keywords: agricultural residues, energy, biogas.

scholarly journals Using adsorption chillers for utilising waste heat from power plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Sztekler ◽  
Wojciech Kalawa ◽  
Sebastian Stefanski ◽  
Jaroslaw Krzywanski ◽  
Karolina Grabowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Adsorption Chiller

At present, energy efficiency is a very important issue and it is power generation facilities, among others, that have to confront this challenge. The simultaneous production of electricity, heat and cooling, the so-called trigeneration, allows for substantial savings in the chemical energy of fuels. More efficient use of the primary energy contained in fuels translates into tangible earnings for power plants while reductions in the amounts of fuel burned, and of non-renewable resources in particular, certainly have a favorable impact on the natural environment. The main aim of the paper was to investigate the contribution of the use of adsorption chillers to improve the energy efficiency of a conventional power plant through the utilization of combined heat and power waste heat, involving the use of adsorption chillers. An adsorption chiller is an item of industrial equipment that is driven by low grade heat and intended to produce chilled water and desalinated water. Nowadays, adsorption chillers exhibit a low coefficient of performance. This type of plant is designed to increase the efficiency of the primary energy use. This objective as well as the conservation of non-renewable energy resources is becoming an increasingly important aspect of the operation of power generation facilities. As part of their project, the authors have modelled the cycle of a conventional heat power plant integrated with an adsorption chiller-based plant. Multi-variant simulation calculations were performed using IPSEpro simulation software.

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