scholarly journals Hydrolysis-Based Hydrogen Generation Investigation of Aluminum System Adding Low-Melting Metals

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Zeng Gao ◽  
Fei Ji ◽  
Dongfeng Cheng ◽  
Congxin Yin ◽  
Jitai Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

In this age of human civilization, there is a need for more efficient, cleaner, and renewable energy as opposed to that provided by nonrenewable sources such as coal and oil. In this sense, hydrogen energy has been proven to be a better choice. In this paper, a portable graphite crucible metal smelting furnace was used to prepare ten multi-element aluminum alloy ingots with different components. The microstructure and phase composition of the ingots and reaction products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The reaction was carried out in a constant temperature water bath furnace at 60 °C, and the hydrogen production performance of the multi-element aluminum alloys in different proportions was compared by the drainage gas collection method. The experimental results show that the as-cast microstructure of Al–Ga–In–Sn aluminum alloy is composed of a solid solution of Al and part of Ga, and a second phase of In3Sn. After the hydrolysis reaction, the products were dried at 150 °C and then analyzed by XRD. The products were mainly composed of AlOOH and In3Sn. Alloys with different compositions react at the same hydrolysis temperature, and the hydrogen production performance is related to the ratio of low-melting-point metal elements. By comparing two different ratios of Ga–In–Sn (GIS), the hydrogen production capacity and production rate when the ratio is 6:3:1 are generally higher than those when the ratio is 7:2:1. The second phase content affects the hydrogen production performance.

TPPH/g-C3N4 Nanohybrids Constructed with Surfactant-Assisted Co-assembly for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Shang ◽  
Manfei Lv ◽  
Songtian Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Noncovalent Interaction ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

A new type of pure organic 5,10,15,20-tetra (4-hydroxyphenyl) porphyrin (TPPH)/[Formula: see text]-C3N4 nanohybrid was prepared to expand the light absorption range of graphitic carbon nitride materials. The morphology and structure of the composites were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show that after the introduction of TPPH, the visible light area optical absorption of the composite sample increased significantly under the noncovalent interaction of TPPH and [Formula: see text]-C3N4, and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] measurements confirmed the improved charge separation efficiency of the sample and showed excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production capacity. Under full spectrum irradiation, the hydrogen production of 1.67% TPPH/[Formula: see text]-C3N4 without adding co-catalyst reached 10.87[Formula: see text]mmol[Formula: see text][Formula: see text], about 2.68 times that of pure [Formula: see text]-C3N4 (4.06[Formula: see text]mmol[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]), which showed effective promotion of the electron transfer between TPPH and [Formula: see text]-C3N4.

Charge Behavior in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Photo Electrochemical Test Based on Nanomaterial of CoS2 Modified g-C3N4

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150051
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Xinle Geng ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Electrochemical Test ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Future Society

Seeking and developing a new approach to energy conversion is of significance to the development of future society. Hydrogen energy is expected to become an ideal green energy. In this work, g-C3N4 nanocomposites were modified with non-noble metal-sulfide CoS2 as a co-catalyst for hydrogen evolution, and the charge behavior in a photocatalytic process was studied by optical characterization and photo electrochemical test technology. The experiments proved that the composite material showed a superior hydrogen production performance when the CoS2 load was 5[Formula: see text]wt.% and the optimal hydrogen production activity was 119.7[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. CoS2 as the reactivity site improved the migration and separation of the photo-generated charge significantly, the transfer resistance of the photogenerated charge decreased visibly after the CoS2 loading, the photocurrent increased three times and the effective carrier lifetime on the catalyst conduction band increased ten times. The photocatalysts maintained a good stability in a 12[Formula: see text]h hydrogen production activity test and a one hour photocurrent test. This work provides guidance for the design of an efficient catalyst and the study of effective charge.

scholarly journals The Activation of Mg Powder Promoted by Chloride and Activation Mechanism

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Guo ◽  
Lixiang Zhu ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Meishuai Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Active

Magnesium has bright market prospects such as generating thrust for under water engines and hydrogen production. However, the passive oxide film on the surface of magnesium powder prevents the further reaction of magnesium with water at room temperature. In this paper, highly active magnesium-based materials were prepared via ball milling pure Mg with different chlorides (NiCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2, FeCl3). The activity of the as obtained powder was analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), synchrotron X-ray tomography, Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), etc. Among the various compositions, the Mg-6%CoCl2 composite exhibited the best hydrogen production performance with a hydrogen generation volume of 423 mL/(0.5 g) and a conversion yield of 96.6%. The related activation mechanism was thoroughly studied, showing that the addition of chloride during ball milling can effectively break the continuity of oxide films on Mg surfaces and introduces a large number of micro defects. In addition, the EXAFS and tomography data verified that metallic cobalt was generated during the ball milling process, subsequently forming a Mg-Co micro glance cell, and the Cl− in the system accelerates the corrosion of Mg. The active mechanism can be verified as synergistic effects of micro glance cell and as-generated surface microcracks.

scholarly journals Microstructural Study of Arc Beads in Aluminum Alloy Wires with an Overcurrent Fault

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4133
Author(s):  
Xueyan Xu ◽  
Zhijin Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Weifeng Wang ◽  
Lan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Aluminum Wire ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallographic Structure ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Composition Segregation ◽  
Electrical Faults

To clarify the understanding and analysis of arc molten marks in electrical faults of aluminum alloy wires, this paper simulates overcurrent faults of aluminum alloy wires at currents of 128 A–224 A and uses thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy spectroscopy (EDS) to characterize the effects of current on the microstructure of arc beads. The results show that there are small and large amounts of Al-Si and Al-Fe binary phases in the metallographic structure of the aluminum alloy wires at the rated current, the grains are fine, and there are no significant grain boundaries. After an overcurrent fault occurs in the wires, a high-temperature arc causes the second phase in the aluminum alloy to disappear, a cellular dendritic metallographic structure appears, the grain boundaries become more well-defined, and composition segregation occurs at the grain boundaries. Using the Image-Pro-Plus software to quantify the grain characteristics, the average grain size is found to gradually decrease as the current increases. In addition, by comparing and analyzing the characteristics of arc beads in aluminum wires and aluminum alloy wires under the same conditions, alloying elements are found to have a refining effect on the grain boundaries, and there are coarse precipitates at the grain boundaries in the aluminum wire arc beads.

Study on Al-Li3AlH6-CaO Composite for Hydrogen Production Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 841-847
Author(s):  
Xiang Fei Zhang ◽  
Fen Xu ◽  
Li Xian Sun ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Chong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Stability Limits ◽  
Poor Stability

The Al-Li3AlH6 composite as a promising hydrogen production material has attracted increasing attention. However, the poor stability limits practical application. In this paper, the Al-Li3AlH6-CaO composite has been synthesized by ball milling. The results show that the increase of the amount of added CaO can enhance the rate of the hydrogen generation. The rate of the hydrogen generation reaches 40.1 % when the amount of added CaO is 30 wt%, which is due to the fact that the added CaO can destroys the Al2O3 films. The influence of amount of added CaO on the corrosion resistant of the Al-Li3AlH6-CaO is also investigated. The Al-Li3AlH6-CaO with 35 wt% CaO exhibits well corrosion resistant performance, and the hydrogen yield decreases by 22.65 % in 30 days, while the hydrogen yield of the Al-Li3AlH6-CaO without CaO drops by 45.4% in 5 days.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Generation from a Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Electrolyzer System: Numerical Model and Experimental Verification

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2997
Author(s):  
Metin Gül ◽  
Ersin Akyüz
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Exergy Analyses ◽  
T System

In this study, the electrical, electrochemical and thermodynamic performance of a PV/T electrolyzer system was investigated, and the experimental results were verified with a numerical model. The annual amounts of electrical and thermal energy from the PV/T electrolyzer system were calculated as 556.8 kWh and 1912 kWh, respectively. In addition, the hydrogen production performance for the PV/T electrolyzer was compared with that of a PV electrolyzer system. The amount of hydrogen was calculated as 3.96 kg annually for the PV system, while this value was calculated as 4.49 kg for the PV/T system. Furthermore, the amount of hydrogen production was calculated as 4.59 kg for a 65 °C operation temperature. The electrical, thermal and total energy efficiencies of the PV/T system, which were obtained hourly on a daily basis, were calculated and varied between 12–13.8%, 36.1–45.2% and 49.1–58.4%, respectively. The hourly exergy analyses were also carried out on a daily basis and the results showed that the exergy efficiencies changed between 13.8–14.32%. The change in the electrolysis voltage was investigated by changing the current and temperature in the ranges of 200–1600 mA/cm2 A and 30–65 °C, respectively. While the current and the water temperature varied in the ranges of 400–2350 mA/cm2 and 28.1–45.8 °C respectively, energy efficiency and exergy efficiency were in the ranges of 57.85–69.45% and 71.1–79.7%, respectively.

scholarly journals NiCo Nanorod Array Supported on Copper Foam as a High-Performance Catalyst for Hydrogen Production From Ammonia Borane

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liling Li ◽  
Binshan Guo ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
Xibin Zhang ◽  
Yufa Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Ammonia Borane ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Copper Foam

Searching for inexpensive, durable, and active catalysts for the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) is an important subject in the field of hydrogen energy. In this study, we have fabricated NiCo nanorod arrays anchored on copper foam (CF) by a simple hydrothermal process. The catalytic performance of those array catalysts in AB hydrolysis was studied. It was found that NiCo-1/CF showed the highest catalytic activity with a hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 1.03 Lhydrogen g−1 min−1, which was much higher than that for the unsupported NiCo-1 catalyst. It has been demonstrated that strong base can significantly enhance hydrogen production. After six catalytic cycles, the morphology, crystal structure, and catalytic activity were maintained, indicating that the NiCo-1/CF sample showed good reusability and high durability. Considering their low cost and high performance, the NiCo nanorod arrays anchored on CF can be a strong candidate catalyst for hydrogen generation for mobile hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells.

scholarly journals Analysis of hydrogen production capacity of off-grid photovoltaic system based on PVsyst software simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2076 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Jiantao Li ◽  
Yongguang Li ◽  
Boxu Zhu ◽  
Xinxia Ma
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Production Methods

Abstract As a typical green energy, hydrogen energy has many advantages. The traditional hydrogen production methods are more polluting. However, the use of electricity generated by photovoltaic systems to produce hydrogen can not only make full use of local solar energy resources, but also achieve environmentally friendly hydrogen production. In this work, we use PVsyst software to model and simulate a 30kW off grid photovoltaic power plant in a region of Shanghai, and calculate its power generation. Combined with the energy consumption of hydrogen production equipment, we evaluated the hydrogen production capacity and pollutant emission reductions, and we also analyzed the performance ratio and power loss of photovoltaic system, which verifies the environmental protection of photovoltaic hydrogen production, and provides a reference for photovoltaic hydrogen production researchers.

Characterization of a Polymeric Membrane for the Separation of Hydrogen in a Mixture with CO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionisio H. Malagón-Romero ◽  
Alexander Ladino ◽  
Nataly Ortiz ◽  
Liliana P. Green
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Hydrogen is expected to play an important role as a clean, reliable and renewable energy source. A key challenge is the production of hydrogen in an economically and environmentally sustainable way on an industrial scale. One promising method of hydrogen production is via biological processes using agricultural resources, where the hydrogen is found to be mixed with other gases, such as carbon dioxide. Thus, to separate hydrogen from the mixture, it is challenging to implement and evaluate a simple, low cost, reliable and efficient separation process. So, the aim of this work was to develop a polymeric membrane for hydrogen separation. The developed membranes were made of polysulfone via phase inversion by a controlled evaporation method with 5 wt % and 10 wt % of polysulfone resulting in thicknesses of 132 and 239 micrometers, respectively. Membrane characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ASTM D882 tensile test. Performance was characterized using a 23 factorial experiment using the time lag method, comparing the results with those from gas chromatography (GC). As a result, developed membranes exhibited dense microstructures, low values of RMS roughness, and glass transition temperatures of approximately 191.75 °C and 190.43 °C for the 5 wt % and 10 wt % membranes, respectively. Performance results for the given membranes showed a hydrogen selectivity of 8.20 for an evaluated gas mixture 54% hydrogen and 46% carbon dioxide. According to selectivity achieved, H2 separation from carbon dioxide is feasible with possibilities of scalability. These results are important for consolidating hydrogen production from biological processes.

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