Study on Al-Li3AlH6-CaO Composite for Hydrogen Production Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 841-847
Author(s):  
Xiang Fei Zhang ◽  
Fen Xu ◽  
Li Xian Sun ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Chong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Stability Limits ◽  
Poor Stability

The Al-Li3AlH6 composite as a promising hydrogen production material has attracted increasing attention. However, the poor stability limits practical application. In this paper, the Al-Li3AlH6-CaO composite has been synthesized by ball milling. The results show that the increase of the amount of added CaO can enhance the rate of the hydrogen generation. The rate of the hydrogen generation reaches 40.1 % when the amount of added CaO is 30 wt%, which is due to the fact that the added CaO can destroys the Al2O3 films. The influence of amount of added CaO on the corrosion resistant of the Al-Li3AlH6-CaO is also investigated. The Al-Li3AlH6-CaO with 35 wt% CaO exhibits well corrosion resistant performance, and the hydrogen yield decreases by 22.65 % in 30 days, while the hydrogen yield of the Al-Li3AlH6-CaO without CaO drops by 45.4% in 5 days.

scholarly journals The Activation of Mg Powder Promoted by Chloride and Activation Mechanism

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Guo ◽  
Lixiang Zhu ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Meishuai Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Active

Magnesium has bright market prospects such as generating thrust for under water engines and hydrogen production. However, the passive oxide film on the surface of magnesium powder prevents the further reaction of magnesium with water at room temperature. In this paper, highly active magnesium-based materials were prepared via ball milling pure Mg with different chlorides (NiCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2, FeCl3). The activity of the as obtained powder was analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), synchrotron X-ray tomography, Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), etc. Among the various compositions, the Mg-6%CoCl2 composite exhibited the best hydrogen production performance with a hydrogen generation volume of 423 mL/(0.5 g) and a conversion yield of 96.6%. The related activation mechanism was thoroughly studied, showing that the addition of chloride during ball milling can effectively break the continuity of oxide films on Mg surfaces and introduces a large number of micro defects. In addition, the EXAFS and tomography data verified that metallic cobalt was generated during the ball milling process, subsequently forming a Mg-Co micro glance cell, and the Cl− in the system accelerates the corrosion of Mg. The active mechanism can be verified as synergistic effects of micro glance cell and as-generated surface microcracks.

scholarly journals Research on hydrogen generation from rapid hydrolysis of aluminum in sodium fluoride solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 03048
Author(s):  
Changchun Li ◽  
Yuxin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Shrinking Core Model ◽  
Fluoride Solution ◽  
Shrinking Core ◽  
Rapid Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrogen generation from rapid hydrolysis of aluminum in sodium fluoride solution was investigated through a hydrolysis experiment. Rapid and instant hydrogen yield were observed using sodium fluoride as additive. The experimental results demonstrate that the increase of temperature and the amount of additives in a certain range will boost the hydrogen production. The amount of additives outside the range only has an effect on the rapid hydrolysis of the aluminum during the initial stage, but the total amount of hydrogen produced doesn’t increased significantly. Theoretical analysis of the effects of the mixing ratio and the temperature on the hydrogen production rates were performed using the shrinking core model and the kinetic model. The shrinking core model parameter a and k indicate the film change degree of porosity and thickness and the effect of time on the diffusion coefficient. the kinetic model is verified and the activation energy confirming hydrogen yield control by a molecular diffusion process. Correspondingly, mechanisms of Al corrosion in NaF solutions under low and high alkalinity were proposed, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Inoculum Combination on Biohydrogen Production from Melon Fruit Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumechris Amekan ◽  
Dyah Sekar A P Wangi ◽  
Muhammad Nur Cahyanto ◽  
Sarto Sarto ◽  
Jaka Widada
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Biohydrogen Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Melon Fruit

The natural microbial consortium from many sources widely used for hydrogen production. Type of substrate and operating conditions applied on the biodigesters of the natural consortium used as inoculum impact the variation of species and number of microbes that induce biogas formation, so this study examined the effect of different inoculum source and its combination of biohydrogen production performance. The hydrogen producing bacteria from fruit waste digester (FW), cow dung digester (CD), and tofu waste digester (TW) enriched under strictly anaerobic conditions at 37OC. Inoculums from 3 different digesters (FW, CD, and TW) and its combination (FW-CD, CD-TW, FW-TW, and FW-CD-TW) were used to test the hydrogen production from melon waste with volatile solids (VS) concentration of 9.65 g/L, 37°C and initial pH 7.05 ± 0.05. The results showed that individual and combined inoculum produced the gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide without any detectable methane. The highest cumulative hydrogen production of 743 mL (yield 207.56 mL/gVS) and 1,132 mL (yield 231.02 mL/gVS) was shown by FW and FW-CD-TW, respectively. Butyric, acetate, formic and propionic were the primary soluble metabolites produced by all the cultures, and the result proves that higher production of propionic acid can decrease hydrogen yield. Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium baratii prominently seen in all single and combination inoculum. Experimental evidence suggests that the inoculum from different biodigesters able to adapt well to the environmental conditions and the new substrate after a combination process as a result of metabolic flexibility derived from the microbial diversity in the community to produce hydrogen. Therefore, inoculum combination could be used as a strategy to improve systems for on-farm energy recovery from animal and plant waste to processing of food and municipal waste.Article History: Received February 5th 2018; Received in revised form May 7th 2018; Accepted June 2nd 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Amekan, Y., Wangi, D.S.A.P., Cahyanto, M.N., Sarto and Widada, J. (2018) Effect of Different Inoculum Combination on Biohydrogen Production from Melon Fruit Waste. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 101-109.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.101-10

Hydrogen generation performance of novel Al–LiH–metal oxides

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Fen Xu ◽  
Lixian Sun ◽  
Yongpeng Xia ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Oxide Composites

A series of novel hydrogen production materials, Al–LiH–metal oxide composites, have been prepared via high energy ball milling.

scholarly journals Hydrolysis-Based Hydrogen Generation Investigation of Aluminum System Adding Low-Melting Metals

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Zeng Gao ◽  
Fei Ji ◽  
Dongfeng Cheng ◽  
Congxin Yin ◽  
Jitai Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

In this age of human civilization, there is a need for more efficient, cleaner, and renewable energy as opposed to that provided by nonrenewable sources such as coal and oil. In this sense, hydrogen energy has been proven to be a better choice. In this paper, a portable graphite crucible metal smelting furnace was used to prepare ten multi-element aluminum alloy ingots with different components. The microstructure and phase composition of the ingots and reaction products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The reaction was carried out in a constant temperature water bath furnace at 60 °C, and the hydrogen production performance of the multi-element aluminum alloys in different proportions was compared by the drainage gas collection method. The experimental results show that the as-cast microstructure of Al–Ga–In–Sn aluminum alloy is composed of a solid solution of Al and part of Ga, and a second phase of In3Sn. After the hydrolysis reaction, the products were dried at 150 °C and then analyzed by XRD. The products were mainly composed of AlOOH and In3Sn. Alloys with different compositions react at the same hydrolysis temperature, and the hydrogen production performance is related to the ratio of low-melting-point metal elements. By comparing two different ratios of Ga–In–Sn (GIS), the hydrogen production capacity and production rate when the ratio is 6:3:1 are generally higher than those when the ratio is 7:2:1. The second phase content affects the hydrogen production performance.

Study on Al-BiCl3-Hydride Composites Hydrogen Generation Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 726-731
Author(s):  
Yu Long Shao ◽  
Li Xian Sun ◽  
Fen Xu ◽  
Yong Jin Zou ◽  
Hai Liang Chu
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Yield

Hydride has been introduced into Al-BiCl3 composite by ball milling. The hydrogen generation performances of Al-BiCl3-hydride composite have been effectively promoted. Among of them, Al-BiCl3-Li3AlH6 is found to have the best performance of hydrogen yield (1293 mL·g-1), the conversion efficiency (94.4%) and the max HG rate (2098 mL·g-1·min-1) at 25 oC. Due to Li3AlH6 need to be prepared, the increasing production process is inevitable. For the Al-BiCl3-LiBH4 composite, its hydrogen generation performances are measured which hydrogen yield, the conversion efficiency and the max HG rate of were 1103 mL·g-1, 84.2% and 2068 mL·g-1·min-1, respectively at 25 oC. Activation energy (Ea) is calculated as 13.39 kJ·mol-1. The lower Ea indicates that introducing hydride can enhance the reaction activity of the system on the kinetics and then improve the material properties.

scholarly journals Effect of Thermal Treatment of Aluminum Core-Shell Particles on Their Oxidation Kinetics in Water for Hydrogen Production

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6493
Author(s):  
Olesya A. Buryakovskaya ◽  
Mikhail S. Vlaskin ◽  
Anatoly V. Grigorenko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Oxidation Kinetics ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Shell Particles ◽  
Thermally Treated

The effect of thermal treatment of aluminum core-shell particles on their oxidation kinetics in water for hydrogen production was investigated. The samples were obtained by dividing dried aluminum powder, partially oxidized by distilled water, into eight portions, which were thermally treated at temperatures of 120, 200, 300, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 °C. Alumina shell cracking at 500–600 °C enhances hydrogen generation due to uncovering of the aluminum cores, while sharp thickening of the protective oxide film on the uncovered aluminum surfaces at 550–600 °C significantly reduces reactivity of the core-shell particles. For these reasons, after reaction with distilled water at 90 °C for two hours, the highest hydrogen yield (11.59 ± 1.20)% was obtained for the sample thermally treated at 500 °C , while the yield for aluminum core-shell powder without heat treatment was only (5.46 ± 0.13)%. Another set of experiments employed multiple consecutive cycles of alternating oxidation by water and thermal treatment at 500 °C of the same powder sample. As predicted, the hydrogen yield gradually decreased with each subsequent experiment. The series of six cycles resulted in a total hydrogen yield of 53.46%.

Optimization of Hydrogen Production by Co-Culture of Clostridium beijerinckii and Rhodobacter sphaeroides Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Zagrodnik
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Rhodobacter Sphaeroides ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Clostridium Beijerinckii ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Pure Cultures

The biological methods of hydrogen generation have attracted a significant interest recently. In this work the hybrid system applying both dark fermentation bacteria in co-culture was tested. Objective of this work was to investigate the optimization of different parameters on co-culture of Clostridium beijerinckii DSM-791 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001. The effect of glucose concentration (1–5 g/L), temperature and initial pH (6,5–7,5) was analyzed. Moreover the influence of organic nitrogen sources were tested for their capacity to support hydrogen production (yeast extract, peptone, glutamic acid). Fermentations were conducted in batch tests with glucose as sole substrate. Hydrogen production in mixed culture was compared with pure cultures. The process was greatly affected by pH and light/dark bacteria ratio. Liquid metabolites, namely acetic and butyric acids, from the dark fermentation step were the source of organic carbon for photosynthetic bacteria. This increased the hydrogen yield in comparison to single-step dark fermentation to over 4 mol H2/mol glucose. Obtained results showed that combination of photo and dark fermentation may increase hydrogen production and conversion efficiency of complex substrates or wastewaters.

Biohydrogen production by mesophilic fermentation of food wastewater

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-H. Wu ◽  
C.-Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Hydrogen Production Rate ◽  
Generation Efficiency ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Ph Dependent

Batch experiments were conducted to convert molasses wastewater (10-160 g COD/L) into hydrogen at 35°C at various pH (4-8). The maximum hydrogen productivity (HP) and hydrogen production rate (HPR) reached 47.1 mmol-H2/g CODre and 97.5 mmol-H2/L-day, respectively, at a substrate concentration of 40 g COD/L and pH 6.0. The methane-free biogas contained up to 50% (v/v) of hydrogen. Fermentation at wastewater concentrations higher than 60 g COD/L required a long acclimation period (more than 20 h). Though the fractions were substrate concentration and pH-dependent, acetate and butyrate were the two main liquid fermentation products. A comparison of the HP and HPR data indicates that defining a hydrogen yield indicator to evaluate hydrogen generation efficiency should be taken into consideration in practical fermentation operations.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Generation from a Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Electrolyzer System: Numerical Model and Experimental Verification

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2997
Author(s):  
Metin Gül ◽  
Ersin Akyüz
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Exergy Analyses ◽  
T System

In this study, the electrical, electrochemical and thermodynamic performance of a PV/T electrolyzer system was investigated, and the experimental results were verified with a numerical model. The annual amounts of electrical and thermal energy from the PV/T electrolyzer system were calculated as 556.8 kWh and 1912 kWh, respectively. In addition, the hydrogen production performance for the PV/T electrolyzer was compared with that of a PV electrolyzer system. The amount of hydrogen was calculated as 3.96 kg annually for the PV system, while this value was calculated as 4.49 kg for the PV/T system. Furthermore, the amount of hydrogen production was calculated as 4.59 kg for a 65 °C operation temperature. The electrical, thermal and total energy efficiencies of the PV/T system, which were obtained hourly on a daily basis, were calculated and varied between 12–13.8%, 36.1–45.2% and 49.1–58.4%, respectively. The hourly exergy analyses were also carried out on a daily basis and the results showed that the exergy efficiencies changed between 13.8–14.32%. The change in the electrolysis voltage was investigated by changing the current and temperature in the ranges of 200–1600 mA/cm2 A and 30–65 °C, respectively. While the current and the water temperature varied in the ranges of 400–2350 mA/cm2 and 28.1–45.8 °C respectively, energy efficiency and exergy efficiency were in the ranges of 57.85–69.45% and 71.1–79.7%, respectively.

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