scholarly journals Pilot-Scale Experiences with Aerobic Treatment and Chemical Processes of Industrial Wastewaters from Electronics and Semiconductor Industry

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5340
Author(s):  
Valentina Innocenzi ◽  
Svetlana B. Zueva ◽  
Francesco Vegliò ◽  
Ida De Michelis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Molecule ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Eye Damage ◽  
Emission Limits

TMAH is quaternary ammonium salt, consists of a methylated nitrogen molecule, and is widely used in the electronics industry as a developer and silicon etching agent. This substance is toxic and fatal if ingested. It can also cause skin burns, eye damage, and organ damage. Moreover, TMAH exhibits long-lasting toxicity to aquatic systems. Despite this known toxicity, the authorities currently do not provide emission limits (i.e., discharge concentrations) for wastewater by EU regulation. The current scenario necessitates the study of the processes for industrial wastewater containing TMAH. This work aims to present a successful example of the treatment process for the degradation of TMAH waste solutions of the E&S industry. Research was conducted at the pilot scale, and the process feasibility (both technical and economic) and its environmental sustainability are demonstrated. This process, which treats three exhausted solutions with a high concentration of toxic substances, is considered to be innovative.

LYCOPENE POWDER PRODUCING FROM GAC FRUIT TOWARDS APPLICATIONS IN NUTRACEUTICAL AND COSMETICS

2016 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Thi Le Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Sinh Do ◽  
Thi Hoa Tran
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Determination ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Key Words Carotenoids

Backgroud: Gac is a fruit containing many antioxidants, especially lycopene, with high concentration. However the variety and value of products from gac are limited. We introduce a modified method to produce lycopene and others carotenoids from gac oil towards available and safe applications in nutraceutical and cosmetics. Materials and method: We study the extraction with different parameters and limit at the saponification of gac oil using less toxic substances such as ethanol, propylene glycol, postasium hydroxide and sodium chlorid. Results: Concentrations of lycopene and β-carotene determined silmutaneously by UVVis spectrophotometer present that the efficiency reaches 65.07% as 20 g of gac oil is saponified with 8 g KOH 12 mol/L in 120 mins. The purity of product is 89.02%. Conclusions: This process could minimize toxic residue in the powder after the precipitation, filtration and washing. Besides, the method is stable and applicable to the mass production. Key words: Carotenoids, Lycopene, safe extraction, UV Vis silmutaneous concentration determination

Reduce odor and NH3 emission: condensation of the carbonatation vapors

2017 ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Nico Antens ◽  
Jan L.M. Struijs
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Plant Trials ◽  
Contact Condensation

At beet sugar production, vapors from first and second carbonatation contain a significant amount of odor components, NH3 and waste heat, which are normally directly released into the environment. Due to sustainability motivations, obligations regarding odor nuisance and expected stricter regulations regarding NH3 emission limits, Suiker Unie decided to take measures to reduce emission via the carbonatation vapors. During the 2015 beet campaign, pilot scale plant trials have been performed to investigate the effectiveness of indirect contact and direct contact condensation of these vapors. Based on this experimental work a two-stage gas scrubbing concept was designed: in the first stage main goal is condensing the vapors and reuse the heat of condensation to heat up limed juice, while the actual scrubbing takes place in the second scrubber. This two-stage gas scrubbing installation has been built at the Vierverlaten factory and was started up in the 2016 beet campaign. The background, pilot scale trials, concept of design and achieved reductions in odor and NH3 emission at industrial scale are discussed.

scholarly journals Possible ecologically based ways of preserving and developing the Ukrainian Carpathians

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
V. І. Nikolaichuk ◽  
M. М. Vakerich ◽  
M. V. Bilkey ◽  
O. P. Chechuy ◽  
I. Voloshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Carpathians

Ukraine has transformed into one of the most environmentally dangerous countries in the world due to the high concentration of industrial production and agriculture and predatory use of natural resources. The current ecological situation in Ukraine is characterized by a deep ecological crisis, which is caused by the laws of operation of the command economy of the former USSR. The majority of the environmental and social indicators of Ukraine are among the worst in Europe. The Carpathian Mountains are among the most significant and interesting landscapes in Europe from the geological and geomorphological, scenic and biological perspectives. The giant arc of the Carpathians begins in southern Romania and passes through Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary to Austria, crosses all Eastern and Central Europe. A third of the forest reserves of Ukraine are located in the Ukrainian Carpathians, at 53.5% the percentage of forest cover of the area is among the highest in the country. About 50% of the gene pool of Ukraine’s plants, many species of trees and medicinal plants grows there. The geographical location and large area of the rich natural heritage of the Carpathians have multifaceted importance for the conservation of biological, phytocoenotic and landscape diversity and maintaining the ecological balance in the central part of our continent. As with the Alps mountain range, this is an important ecological corridor between Western, Central and Eastern Europe, which promotes the migration of species and their spread into lowland landscapes. In order to preserve biodiversity an inventory of virgin forest ecosystems should be made and strict measures for their protection should be enforced. It is necessary to continue the practice of establishing bilateral areas in cross-border protected areas in order to combine efforts to solve pressing environmental challenges. Conservation of the Carpathians Biodiversity is an urgent problem. Structural changes in the economy of the region are expected to strengthen the recreational value of the Ukrainian Carpathians for the public not only in our country but also in Central and Eastern Europe, reducing the technogenic loading. International cooperation of all countries of the Carpathian region is imperative. The development of tourism in the Carpathians is highly promising, but this should be civilized tourism, taking into account the environmental sustainability of the recreational areas and protected areas. 

scholarly journals Biological elimination of a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide from landfill biogas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Ibrahim ◽  
Abdessamad El Hassni ◽  
Shahram Navaee-Ardeh ◽  
Hubert Cabana
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Biotrickling Filters ◽  
In Series ◽  
Maximum Elimination Capacity ◽  
Landfill Biogas

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the main contaminants found in biogas which is one of the end products of the anaerobic biodegradation of proteins and other sulfur-containing compounds in solid waste. The presence of H2S is one of the factors limiting the valorization of biogas. To valorize biogas, H2S and other contaminants must be removed. This study evaluated the performance of a pilot-scale biotrickling filter system on H2S removal from landfill biogas. The biotrickling filter system, which was packed with stainless-steel pall rings and inoculated with an H2S-oxidizing consortium, was designed to process 1 to 10 SCFM of biogas and used to determine the removal efficiency of a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide from landfill biogas. The biofiltration system consisted of two biotrickling filters connected in series. Results indicate that the biofiltration system reduced H2S concentration by 94–97% without reduction of the methane concentration in the outlet biogas. The inlet concentration of hydrogen sulfide, supplied to the two-phase bioreactor, was in the range of 900 to 1500 ppmv. The hydraulic retention times (HRT) of the two biotrickling filters were 3.9 and 0.9 min, respectively. Approximately 50 ppmv of H2S gas was detected in the outlet gas. The maximum elimination capacity of the biotrickling filter system was found to be 272 g H2S.m− 3.h− 1. During the biological process, the performance of biotrickling filter was not affected when the pH of the recirculated liquid decreased to 2–3. The overall performance of the biotrickling filter system was described using a modified Michaelis–Menten equation, and the Ks and Vm values for the biosystem were 34.7 ppmv and 200 mg H2S/L.h− 1, respectively.

scholarly journals Two-dimensional CFD simulation and pilot-scale experimental verification of a downdraft gasifier: effect of reactor aspect ratios on temperature and syngas composition during gasification

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-550
Author(s):  
Chootrakul Siripaiboon ◽  
Prysathyrd Sarabhorn ◽  
Chinnathan Areeprasert
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Reactor Wall ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Downdraft Gasifier ◽  
Aspect Ratios

Abstract This paper focuses on a two-dimensional CFD simulation of a downdraft gasifier and a pilot-scale experiment for verification using wood pellet fuel. The simulation work was carried out via the ANSYS-Fluent CFD software package with in-house coding via User Defined Function. Three gasification parameters were taken into account in the simulation and validation to achieve highly accurate results; namely, fuel consumption, temperature profile, and syngas composition. After verification of the developed model, the effects of aspect ratios on temperature and syngas composition were investigated. Results from simulation and experimental work indicated that the fuel consumption rate during the steady state gasification experiment was 1.750 ± 0.048 g/s. The average steady state temperature of the experiment was 1240.32 ± 14.20 K. In sum, the fuel consumption and temperature profile during gasification from modeling and experimentation show an error lower than 1.3%. Concentrations of CO, CO2, H2, and CH4 were 20.42 vol%, 15.09 vol%, 8.02 vol%, and 2.6 vol%, respectively, which are comparable to those of the experiment: 20.00 vol%, 15.48 vol%, 8.00 vol%, and 2.65 vol%. A high concentration of syngas is observed in the outer radial part of the reactor because of the resistive flow of the air inlet and the synthesis gas produced. The average temperatures during the steady state of the gasifier with aspect ratios (H/D) of 1.00, 1.38 (experiment), and 1.82 were 978.77 ± 11.60, 1256.46 ± 9.90, and 1368.94 ± 9.20 K, respectively. The 1.82 aspect ratio reactor has the smallest diameter, therefore the radiative heat transferred from the reactor wall affects the temperature in the reactor. Syngas compositions are comparable. Inverse relationships between the aspect ratios and the syngas LHV, (4.29–4.49 MJ/N m3), cold gas efficiency (29.66% to 31.00%), and carbon conversion (79.59% to 80.87%) are observed.

Environmentally Friendly Update of Gas Turbines on Gas Transmission Lines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vesely´ ◽  
A. Soudarev ◽  
E. Vinogradov ◽  
Y. Zacharov
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Diffusion Combustion ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emission Limits

Currently, more than 1,500 gas turbines are in operation on natural gas transmission lines all over Europe. These turbines do not comply with the requirements for toxic substances content in exhaust gases. Therefore, an environmentally friendly update of these turbines is a hot topic now, especially because these turbines are supposed to remain in operation for another 10 or 15 years. Besides, environmentally friendly update is a specific issue that differs from the development of a new low-emission combustion chamber. The authors participated in environmentally friendly update of more than 500 gas turbines of this design in Russia, Ukraine, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany, and Hungary. As new emission limits are expected to be issued in the EU, a new low-emission burner was developed that makes use of a combination of kinetic and diffusion combustion to achieve low NOx and CO emissions. The burner operation in combustion chambers of gas turbines is characterized by a wide range of the coefficient of excess air from idle run to full performance. Therefore, the control of the quantity of primary air is necessary. The paper will describe the main stages of the burner research. Tests were performed on an atmospheric pressure test rig where the basic characteristics were gained. The influence of pressure was examined on a special test rig at 0.75–1.1 MPa of pressure. Tests have confirmed that the required NOx and CO emission limits can be achieved with the designed burner. The low emission burner was used for the combustion chamber of a 6 MW gas turbine. The tests performed on a part of a model burner will be presented and an analysis of measurement results will be given.

Reutilization of ammonia from wastewater using cation exchange resins

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buday
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cation Exchange Resins ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer ◽  
Exchange Resins

The paper deals with adsorption of ammonium ions from wastewater of ammonia and ammonium nitrate plant on cation exchange resins. The aim of the treatment was not only separation of ammonium ions but also their return to the technology of ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Therefore, it was desirable to obtain high concentration of eluate. The columns of cation exchangers were arranged in the so-called “coupled columns” technique. The results were obtained on the pilot scale (0.6 m3.h−1) and in full scale (50 −110 m3.h−1) plants. Nitric acid was used for the regeneration of the exhausted resins. Its concentration was in the range of 3.9 − 7.0 mol.1−1. The average ammonium concentration of the eluate was in the range of 0.95 − 2.35 mol.l−1. This parameter of the treatment process depended on the pH value of wastewater and on the concentration of the regenerant. The concentration of ammonium nitrate achieved in the eluate is sufficient for its utilization in the technology for the ammonium nitrate fertilizer production.

Engineering Example of High Concentration Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Processed by UBF Craft

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2736-2739
Author(s):  
Shi Yuan Huang ◽  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Sheng Bing Chen ◽  
Yuan Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Printing And Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Contact Oxidation ◽  
Grade One ◽  
Biological Contact Oxidation ◽  
Large Flow

The multi-methods of UBF-biological contact oxidation - enhanced coagulation- precipitation - fiber sand filtration has been applied to treatment a dyeing and printing wastewater, because it is with the characteristics of large flow, high CODcr, high chromaticity and toxic substances. The result showed: when the feed wate under the conditions of CODcr, BOD5, SS quality concentrations were 15000mg / L, 250mg / L,> 800mg / L and chromaticity blow 1000 times, effluent water quality can meet grade one of the national integrated wastewater discharge standards (GB8978-1996).

Systematic Evaluation of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome-Related Organ Damage According to FIP1L1-PDGFRA Status and Response to the Therapy: Analysis from Prospective Clinical Trial with Imatinib Mesylate.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3557-3557
Author(s):  
Michela Rondoni ◽  
Stefania Paolini ◽  
Ernesto Vigna ◽  
Serena Merante ◽  
Michele Malagola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Organ Involvement ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Soft Tissue Involvement ◽  
Historical Series

Abstract Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare hematological disorder characterized by persistent eosinophilia presenting often with organ involvement. The increased blood and tissue levels of eosinophils (eos) appear to produce tissue damage via local release of toxic substances producing inflammation and fibrosis. Data from the literature are fragmentary and deduced from several historical series. The most commonly involved organs reported are cardiovascular, pulmonary, cutaneous and neurologic systems. Cardiac disease is described as the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Due to the new knowledge about myeloproliferative variant of HES and PDGFRA rearrangement, we tried to identify different clinical picture. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to evaluate the prevalence of HES-related organ damage, its relation to F/P status, and response to imatinib therapy. A prospective multicenter study of the HES began in 2001. Patient enrolled had HES diagnosis, independently of presence of FIP1L1-PDGFRA (F/P) rearrangement. 72 patients were treated with IM 100 to 400 mg daily with a median observation time of 28 months (r 12–68). 33 patients (46%) were positive for the F/P rearrangement (F/P+), while 39 (54%) were negative (F/P−). At the time of enrolment HES patients were systematically screened for organ damage with instrumental evaluation (chest radiography, echocardiogram, abdomen ultrasonography). Symptoms were considered too, so if respiratory symptoms were presented or a reduction of ejection fraction was found organ involvement was established. Results. Organ involvement was recorded in 42% of F/P+ and in 51% of F/P−. Skin involvement was only recorded in F/P−, whereas splenomegaly was reported in 7 F/P+ and only in one case of F/P−. To date, soft tissue was peculiar site of F/P+ patients. All the 33 F/P+ patients achieved a complete hematologic remission (CHR) and molecular negativity, and together they became negative for organ localization and free of symptoms. In the two patients with soft tissue involvement (temporal/parietal and retro-orbital masses) imaging response was documented with positron emission tomography (PET) and with CT scan one month after the beginning of the therapy. Favourable response was recorded also in patients with cardiac involvement, apiece to grade of fibrosis. 5 out of 39 F/P− patients achieved a transitory CHR, but no durable effects on organ involvement. All these patients are alive. Conclusion. Organ involvement do not seems to be a constant characteristic of HES, irrespective to F/P status, but there are differences between F/P+ and F/P− patients. Organ damage in F/P+ subset is reversible before fibrosis development. In the whole population observed, no deaths were recorded in more than five years. F/P+(33 pt) F/P−(39 pt) Statistic Organ damage 42% 51% p=NS More than 1 organ involvement 18% 3% p=0,01 Heart 15% 5% p=NS Lung 18% 26% p=NS Spleen 21% 3% 0,001 Skin 0 15% p=0,001 Liver 3% 3% p=NS Soft tissue 6% 0 p=0,1 Skeleton 3% 0 p=NS Gut 0 3% p=NS

Multistage treatment wetland for treatment of reject waters from digested sludge dewatering

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gajewska ◽  
H. Obarska-Pempkowiak
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Colloidal Fraction

The paper presents the influence of sewage composition on treatment in pilot-scale facility for reject waters (RW) from sewage sludge centrifugation. The facility consisted of mechanical (two tanks with 10 d retention each) and biological parts composed of three subsurface flow reed beds working in batch. Two years of monitoring of the facility proved high efficiency removal of predominant pollutants: chemical oxygen demand (COD) 75–80%, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 82.2–95.5% and total nitrogen 78.7–93.9% for low ratio of BOD5/COD in discharged RW. The differences in efficiency removal were correlated with the composition of organics and nitrogen compounds rather than with concentrations. It was assumed that high concentration of colloidal fraction of Org-N and COD in discharged RW led to a decrease in efficiency removal.

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