POWER RATE LAW BASED CHEMICAL KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF AFRICAN PEAR SEED OIL CONSECUTIVE IRREVERSIBLE BASE METHANOLYSIS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
C. Esonye ◽  
O. D Onukwuli ◽  
S. O. Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
African Pear ◽  
Kinetics And Thermodynamic

Currently the major challenge of biodiesel application as a replacement to petrodiesel is its industrial production sustainability.Consequently, the successful scale-up of laboratory results in transesterification requires so much information obtained through chemical kinetics.This paper presents the kinetics and thermodynamic study of alkali-homogeneous irreversible methanolysis of seed oil derived from African pear. The transesterification process was carried out from 0-100 minutes at temperature range of 55-65°C. The reaction mixture compositions were ascertained using gas chromatography- flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique. Rate constants of the triglyceride (Tg), diglycerides (Dg) and monoglycerides(Mg) hydrolysis were in the range of 0.0140- 0.07810 wt%/min and increased with increase in temperature. The rate of reaction was found to increase with increase in temperature. Activation energies were found to be 6.14, 20.01 and 28.5kcal/mol at 55, 60 and 65oC respectively. Tg hydrolysis to Dg was observed asthe rate determining step while the reaction agreed with second order principles. A biodiesel yield of 93.02% was obtained with cloud point of 10°C , flash point of 125°C , pour point of 4°C , calorific value of 34.4MJ/kg, and cetane number of 54.90 which satisfy EN14214 and ASTM D 6751 standards. Results presented in this report would serve as idealized conditions for industrial scale up of biodiesel production from African pear seed oil. Keywords:Kinetics; methanolysis; rate constants; activation energy; African pear seed oil; biodiesel

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Fatty Acids Composition of Crude Seed Oil Extract of Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. for its potential in Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
M.S Chomini ◽  
V.I Joshua ◽  
A.R John ◽  
M.P Ishaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Oil Extract

This study investigates the physico-chemical and fatty acids composition of crude seed oil extracts of Azadirachta indica . The main objective was to evaluate some biodiesel characteristics of the crude seed oil extract of Azadirachta indica. The procedures of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were used for assessment of some physical, biochemical, and fatty acids constituents of the test seed oil extract. The physical properties assayed for indicate that the oil is liquid at room temperature, non-drying, with specific gravity, with flash and melting points of 0.910±0.08 g/cm3, 80±2.10°C and 76±1.60°C respectively. The chemical properties included 66.77±2.55 g/100g (iodine value), 1.465±0.07 (refractive index@ 30°C), 212.96±1.16 mgKOH/g (saponification value), 0.39±0.16 meq/Kg (peroxide value), 4.24±0.12 mgKOH/g (acid value), 2.20±0.12 mm2/s (viscosity value), 56.91±2.19 (cetane number), 39.21±1.11 MJ/kg (calorific value) and 2.13±0.05% w/w (free fatty acids). Fatty acids composition of the crude seed oil of A. indica obtained were linoleic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic and alpha linolenic acids, with retention time and % composition of 18.2 min and 10.8±0.50%, 22.2 min and 30.01±1.79%, 18.2 min and 59.10±2.22%, and 20.2 min and 0.09±0.02% respectively. The crude seed oil extract clearly presents a potential as a biodiesel substrate for incorporation as a proximate blend in auto-engines. This therefore would necessitate intensive afforestation efforts of the plant species for sustainable utilization. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Biodiesel, physico-chemical, fatty acids, crude seed oil, extracts

scholarly journals Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Neem Seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Biodiesel Production

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Bakari Hamadou ◽  
Djomdi ◽  
Ruben Zieba Falama ◽  
Cedric Delattre ◽  
Guillaume Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
The City

The aim of this work is to study the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of neem seeds, according to their mass and oil content, on the production of biodiesel. After the physical characterization of the seeds and extraction of the oil (triglycerides), biodiesel was produced from crude neem seed oil by transesterification with ethanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This study shows that the physicochemical characteristics of these seeds vary according to the origin of the samples. The seeds from Zidim, with a mass average of 200 seeds evaluated at 141.36 g and an almond content of 40.70%, have better characteristics compared to those collected in the city of Maroua, with average values evaluated at 128.00 g and 36.05%, respectively. Almonds have an average lipid content of 53.98 and 56.75% for the Maroua and Zidim samples, respectively. This study also reveals that neem oil, by its physicochemical characteristics, has a satisfactory quality for a valorization in the production of biodiesel. However, its relatively high free fatty acid content is a major drawback, which leads to a low yield of biodiesel, evaluated on average at 89.02%, and requires a desacidification operation to improve this yield. The analysis of biodiesel indicates physicochemical characteristics close and comparable to those of petrodiesel, particularly in terms of calorific value, density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, evaluated at 41.00 MJ/kg, 0.803, 4.42 cSt, and 0.130 mg/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Hura crepitans Seed Oil: An Alternative Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Adewuyi ◽  
Paul O. Awolade ◽  
Rotimi Ayodele Oderinde
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Hura Crepitans

Oil was extracted from the seed of Hura crepitans using hexane in a soxhlet extractor and analyzed for iodine value, saponification value and free fatty acid content. The dominant fatty acid in the oil was C18:2 (52.8±0.10%) while the iodine value was 120.10±0.70 g iodine/100 g. Biodiesel was produced from the oil using a two-step reaction system involving a first step of pretreatment via esterification reaction and a second step via transesterification reaction. The pretreatment step showed that free fatty acid in Hura crepitans seed oil can be reduced in a one-step pretreatment of esterification using H2SO4 as catalyst. The biodiesel produced from Hura crepitans seed oil had an acid value of 0.21±0.00 mg KOH/g, flash point of 152 ± 1.10°C, copper strip corrosion value of 1A, calorific value of 39.10±0.30 mJ/kg, cetane number of 45.62±0.30, and density of 0.86±0.02 g cm−3. The process gave a biodiesel yield of 98.70±0.40% with properties within the recommended values of EN 14214.

scholarly journals Assessment of Biodiesel Fuel Potentials of Seed Crude Oil Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1467-1473
Author(s):  
M.S. Chomini ◽  
A.J. Daspan ◽  
C. Kambai ◽  
A.E. Chomini ◽  
E.A. Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Oil Extract

Study on assessmentof biodiesel fuel potentials of seed crude oil extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del was carriedout. Standard methods of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were adopted to evaluate the proximate, physico-chemical properties and fatty acid  compositions of crude seed oil extracts of the test plant. The proximate constituents of the crude seed oil extract gave crude protein (22.09%), crude fat (56.75%), moisturecontent (1.35%), ash (4.70%), crudefiber (12.75%) and carbohydrate (2.36%). The crude oil physicochemical properties included saponification value(216.439mgKOH/g), peroxide value(4.84meq/kg), acid value(2.18mgKOH/g), iodine value(77.08g/100g), viscosity  value(150.3@30°C) and cetane number(54.08), refractive index(1.487 @30°C), relative density (0.949g/cm3) while calorific value was 39.03(MJ/kg). The fatty acids composition of crude kernel oil extract of B. aegyptiaca indicated the presence of four (4) fatty acids, with relative percentage abundance (RPA) in the order of 67.17% (9,12-Octadecanoic acid (C19 H3402)) > 16.22% (Pentadecanoic acid (C17H3402)) > 11.8kg% (Heptacosanoic acid (C28H5602)) > 4.72% (Oleic acid(C18H3402)). These properties conferred relative prospects on the crude oil of the test plant as a suitable  potential biodiesel substrate and consequently, large scale aforestation efforts be renewed, to guarantee ready availability of the raw materials. Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, Biodiesel, proximate, physicochemical, crude seed oil extracts

Biodiesel Production from Pongamia Pinnata and its Characterization using GC-MS, NMR and FT-IR Spectral Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernandez ◽  
V. Hariram ◽  
S. Seralathan ◽  
S.A. Harikrishnan ◽  
T. Micha Premkumar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Ft Ir

Biodiesel synthesis from the pongamia oil seed and its characterization is elaborated in this paper. A double stage transesterification i.e. acid catalysed transesterification and base catalysed esterification are adopted to reduce the free fatty acids content and conversion of triglycerides into methyl esters. In this process, H2SO4, NaOH and methanol are used at the methanol/oil molar ratio of 7:1. By this process, 95% of pongamia biodiesel is obtained. The physiochemical properties like calorific value, Cetane number, density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, fire point etc. are analysed and it is found to be within the ASTM standards. GC-MS analysis indicated the existence of 14 prominent fatty acids with oleic acid as the major constituent. 13C and 1H NMR results supported the GC-MS data and it also confirmed the conversion efficiency of converting the vegetable oil into PBD as 87.23%. The shifting and appearance of major peaks in the FT-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of FAMEs from the triglycerides.

scholarly journals Purification and Valorization of Waste Cotton Seed Oil as an Alternative Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djomdi ◽  
M. T. Leku ◽  
D. Djoulde ◽  
C. Delattre ◽  
P. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Activated Coal ◽  
Cotton Seed Oil

This article is focused on the production of biodiesel from the waste cotton seed oil (WCSO), after purification, as an alternative to fossil fuels. Waste oil was collected from Sodecoton, a factory producing cotton seed oil in the Far North Cameroon. The WCSO was subjected to purification using activated coal, followed by transesterification under basic conditions (potassium hydroxide (KOH)), using methanol and ethanol. Some physico–chemical properties of biodiesel, such as absorbance of waste and purified oil, density, viscosity, water content, acid value, and its energy content were determined. The result of treating the WCSO with activated coal indicated that purification efficiency of activated coal increased with the contact time and the mass of the absorbent. Absorbance results directly proved that activated coal removed unwanted components. In the same way, activated coal concentration and exposure time influenced the level of free fatty acids of WCSO. The yield of methyl ester was 97%, while that of ethyl ester was 98%. The specific gravity at 25 °C was 0.945 ± 0.0601. An evaluation of the lower calorific value (PCI) was done in order to study the energy content of biodiesel. This was found to be a value of 37.02 ± 3.05 MJ/kg for methyl ester and 36.92 ± 7.20 MJ/kg for ethyl ester. WCSO constitutes feedstock for high volume, good quality, and sustainable production of biodiesel, as well as a realistic means of eliminating the pollution resulting from the indiscriminate disposal of waste oils from both household and industrial users.

scholarly journals Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7148
Author(s):  
Ayesha Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Zahid ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Zahid Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Tamarind Seed

Biodiesel has attracted considerable interest as an alternative biofuel due to its many advantages over conventional petroleum diesel such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, renewable raw materials, biodegradability, superior flash point, and low carbon footprint. However, high production costs, poor low temperature operability, variability of fuel quality from different feedstocks, and low storage stability negatively impact more widespread adoption. In order to reduce production costs, inexpensive inedible oilseed alternatives are needed for biodiesel production. This study utilized inedible tamarind (Tamarind indica) seed oil as an alternative biodiesel feedstock, which contained linoleic (31.8%), oleic (17.1%), and lauric (12.0%) acids as the primary fatty acids. A simple and cost-effective high vacuum fractional distillation (HVFD) methodology was used to separate the oil into three fractions (F1, F2, and F3). Subsequent transesterification utilizing basic, acidic, and enzymatic catalysis produced biodiesel of consistent quality and overcame the problem of low temperature biodiesel performance. The most desirable biodiesel with regard to low temperature operability was produced from fractions F2 and F3, which were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids relative to tamarind seed oil. Other properties such as density and cetane number were within the limits specified in the American and European biodiesel standards.

scholarly journals Design of a Small Scale Pilot Biodiesel Production Plant and Determination of the Fuel Properties of Biodiesel Produced With This Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Tanzer Eryılmaz ◽  
Muttalip Erkan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Wild Mustard

A small scale pilot biodiesel production plant that has a volume of 65 liters/day has been designed, constructed and tested. The plant was performed using oil mixture (50% wild mustard seed oil + 50% refined canola oil) and methanol with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst. The fuel properties of biodiesel indicated as density at 15oC (889.64 kg/m3), kinematic viscosity at 40oC (6.975 mm2/s), flash point (170oC), copper strip corrosion (1a), water content (499.87 mg/kg), and calorific value (39.555 MJ/kg), respectively.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production Utilizing Diverse Sources, Classification of Oils and Their Esters, Performance and Emission Characteristics: A Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 976-983
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Detailed Assessment

The ever increasing utilization of energy has resulted in the nation becoming progressively more dependent on fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas. The mounting prices of crude oil and natural gas and their impending paucity have raised qualms about the security of energy supply in future, which has severe consequence on the augmentation of a countries economy. The alternative to fossil fuels are the nonconventional energy sources, they are plentiful, renewable, pollution-free and eco-friendly. Therefore, the need to utilize renewable energy sources like solar energy, wind, tide, biodiesel has publicized its significance. Biodiesel is one of the unsurpassed resources that have come to the cutting edge recently. In this article, highly rated research journals on biofuels were referred and a detailed assessment has been conducted to emphasize different aspects to biodiesel engineering. These aspects include biodiesel feed stocks, a range of various methods used in production of biodiesel such as pyrolysis, micro emulsion, dilution and transesterification (alcoholysis). The study was extended to understand the effect of biodiesel blend magnitude on the performance of engine parameters such as brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and fuel properties like cloud point, flash point, calorific value, kinematic viscosity, density, and cetane number as well as the economic viability, emission characteristics and finally Greenhouse gas emissions

Potentiality of Yellow Oleander (Thevetia Peruviana) Seed Oil as an Alternative Diesel Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotirmoy Kakati ◽  
Tapan K. Gogoi ◽  
Sukhamoy Pal ◽  
Ujjwal K. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana ◽  
Terminalia Belerica

Abstract Biodiesel has been accepted as a clean and an eco-friendly green diesel fuel by the entire world. In India, various non-edible oils have been tested for exploring their suitability as a fuel in diesel engines. In the north eastern states of India, many oil bearing seeds such as Koroch (a variety of Pongamia glabra), Nahar (Mesua ferrea), Terminalia (Terminalia belerica Robx), Kutkura (Meyna spinosa Roxb), Amari (Amoora Wallichii King), Yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) and others are found in abundance. In this article, the Yellow oleander seed oil (YOSO) has been investigated for biodiesel production and characterization. The oil content in Yellow oleander seed is found to be 63.87%. The free fatty acid (FFA) content in YOSO is measured, and is found to be 32.0%; hence the two-step acid-base catalysis transesterification process has been adopted for producing biodiesel from the YOSO. YOSO contains 5.03% palmitic, 6.92% stearic, 48.14% oleic and 31.37% linoleic acid. The density, calorific value and kinematic viscosity of Yellow oleander fatty acid methyl ester (YO-FAME) are 879.7 kg/m3, 40.159 MJ/kg and 4.63 mm2/s respectively. Most of the fuel properties of YO-FAME meet ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards. The YO-FAME exhibits a low sulphur content of 13.0 ppm and a high cetane number of 58.3. Fire point and pour point of YO-FAME were found to be 158°C and 5°C respectively. The physio-chemical properties of YO-FAME has been compared with FAME of Yellow oleander, Ratanjot (Jatropha curcus), Terminalia (Terminalia belerica Robx.) and Nahar (Mesua ferrea).

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