scholarly journals Design and Implementation of an Electric Skibus Line in North Italy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7925
Author(s):  
Carola Leone ◽  
Laura Sturaro ◽  
Giacomo Geroli ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
Wahiba Yaici
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Italian Region ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Fuel Costs ◽  
The City

To enhance the current Public Transport (PT) service in the northern Italian region of Lombardy, this work tries to plan fully a new electric Skibus line connecting the cities of Santa Caterina and Livigno. As a first try outside the city environment, the electrification study is set on a limited mountain zone hence featured by steep grades and cold temperatures. In the first part of the paper, the energy consumed by an electric bus working in such a context is assessed, and from the learned outcomes, proper charging infrastructure is proposed. From the found results, the introduction of a new electric bus line in the chosen region seems feasible. Finally, in the last part of the work the performances of an electric bus fleet are compared with that of a diesel one, in terms of fuel costs and Well-to-Wheel (WTW) emissions. The results prove that an electric fleet would be more convenient for both the economic and the environmental aspects.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Environmental Aspects of an Electric Bus Fleet Under Service

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ovidiu Varga ◽  
Florin Mariasiu ◽  
Cristian Daniel Miclea ◽  
Ioan Szabo ◽  
Anamaria Andreea Sirca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Diesel Buses ◽  
The City ◽  
Harmful Effects

The reduction of pollutant emissions in the field of transportation can be achieved by developing and implementing electric propulsion technologies across a wider range of transportation types. This solution is seen as the only one that can offer, in areas of urban agglomeration, a reduction of the emissions caused by the urban transport to zero, as well as an increase in the degree of the health of the citizens. This paper presents an analysis of the direct and indirect environmental aspects of a fleet of real electric buses under service in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The solution of using 41 electric buses to replace Euro-3 diesel buses (with high pollution levels) in the city’s transport system eliminates a local amount of 668.45 tons of CO2 and 6.41 tons of NOx—pollutant emissions directly associated with harmful effects on human health—annually.

scholarly journals Charging Schedule for Load Peak Minimization on Large-Scale Electric Bus Depots

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amra Jahic ◽  
Mina Eskander ◽  
Detlef Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Load Profile ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Scheduling System ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Local Grid ◽  
Load Peak ◽  
The City

The city of Hamburg has decided to electrify its bus fleets. The two public transportation companies in this city expect to operate up to 1500 buses by 2030. In order to accomplish this ambitious goal, both companies need to build an appropriate charging infrastructure. They have both decided to implement the centralized depot charging concept. Buses can therefore charge only at the depot and do not have the possibility for opportunity charging at intermediate stations. The load profile of such a bus depot is highly dependent on the charging schedule of buses. Without an intelligent scheduling system, the buses charge on demand as soon as they arrive to the depot. This can lead to an unevenly distributed load profile with high load peaks, which is problematic for the local grid as well as for the equipment dimensioning at the depot. Charging scheduling on large-scale bus depots is a relatively new and poorly researched topic. This paper addresses the issue and proposes two algorithms for charging scheduling on large-scale bus depots with the goal to minimize the peak load. The schedules created with the proposed algorithms were both tested and validated in the Bus Depot Simulator, a cosimulation platform used for bus depot simulations.

scholarly journals Premises and Limitations of Free Public Transport Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Dydkowski ◽  
Jozef Gnap
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transport Economics ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
The City

For many years issues of the free provision of transport services, including urban public transport, were outside the main trends of transport economics considerations. However, nowadays, the discussion is ongoing related to usefulness and limitations of the free urban public transport implementation. Protection of the city environment, reduction of personal cars traffic, and increased accessibility and mobility in cities are given as premises for such solution introduction. However, assessments of introduced solutions may not necessarily confirm the assumptions made. Financial problems and those in provision of services - characteristic of goods and services provided for free - add to that. The paper has undertaken the issue related to premises and limitations related to introduction of the fare free urban public transport in regard to the pursuit of effectiveness in the public management.

Paper 13: The New Vöv (Public Transport Authority) Model O 305 Standard Service Bus

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (19) ◽  
pp. 135-173
Author(s):  
W. Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
The Public ◽  
City Bus ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City ◽  
Standard Service

If the drift to individual means of transport is to be avoided, the city bus must be made more attractive in its driving comfort and performance, and provide a maximum degree of safety. Vehicles of advanced design requiring a minimum of maintenance, and frames and superstructures constructed according to the latest conceptions, are absolutely necessary for an economic and reliable city bus. Easy-to-operate controls facilitate the driver's task and are an added safety measure. The standard O 305 regular service bus, designed in accordance with the regulations of the Public Transport Authority (Verband Öffentlicher Verkehrsbetriebe), meets these demands. The experimental electric bus with hybrid drive appears to be a solution to the exacting requirements of future traffic with regard to exhaust emission control.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY FOR APPLICATION OF THE MODULAR PRINCIPLE OF USING ELECTROBUSES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT OF MEGAPOLISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Porfirenko V ◽  
◽  
Polosukhin D ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Stationary Flow ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
The City

The article analyzes congestion of the urban transport network in Kyiv and its impact on air pollution in the city and suggests ways to solve problems that occur because of it. The object of the study is public transport, specifically electric buses. The purpose of the work is to propose an innovative approach to the use of electric buses using analysis of air pollution indicators, the traffic index of urban congestion and the non-stationarity of the passenger flow. Research methods are generally scientific. The city of Kyiv ranks number 7 in the world in terms of traffic congestion and the amount of added time that people spend due to congestion. The transport network overload leads not only to congestion, but also to air pollution in the city. The authors of the article analyze the air pollution and the state of congestion on the roads of Kyiv. In order to improve the current situation in the city, the concept of modular use of electric buses is proposed, which envisions production of electric trucks and electric trailers for passenger transportation (modules) to it. The use of electric buses reduces environmental pollution, but does not solve the problem of congestion in megapolises. The solution to the problem must use comprehensive approach. The authors came to conclusion that it is not possible to significantly influence the non-stationary flow of passengers, but it is possible to release a fleet with different passenger capacity at different times of the day. During rush hours the proposal is to limit the total number of cars and release an electric bus with the module of the largest capacity, in the late evening and at night release fleet with modules designed for a small number of passengers, in other hours release electric buses with a medium capacity module. The modular principle of formation of electric bus routes will optimize the general expenses for transportation and will take into consideration seasonal, weekly and daily non-stationary flow of passengers. Development of this modular electric vehicles will be the task for automotive industry. KEY WORDS: ELECTRIC BUS, MEGAPOLIS, ECOLOGY, PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION, BUS TRANSPORTATION, MODULAR PRINCIPLE, MANAGEMENT.

scholarly journals Theoretical analysis of the cumulative costs of different diesel bus alternatives for a public transport in the city of Belgrade

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 669-681
Author(s):  
Stevan Jovanovic ◽  
Dragan Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
The Real ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
The City

This paper includes comparative analysis of the environmental, energetic, and financial costs of different bus propulsion, possibly applied on the public transport in the city of Belgrade. It considers the modern diesel bus, the trolleybus, the natural gas bus with the spark ignition engine, the electric bus using LiFePO4 battery, and the electric bus with ultra-capacitor. The results are presented according to the real data and the real electro-energetic situation in Serbia, with the dominantly used lignite coal as primary fuel. This model gives the exact exhaust emission of electric vehicles at the thermal power plant, enables its comparison to the internal combustion engine vehicles. The result in analysis shows that the natural gas bus is the most cost efficient in economical way with overall exploitation price of $87 per 100 km. The trolleybus is more economical then the natural gas powered bus only at high departures rate, higher than 230 per workday.

THE DEVELOPMENT AND SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE PROGRAM OF MEASURES ON IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANIZATION OF TRANSPORT SERVICE OF THE POPULATION IN THE METROPOLIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (26) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
D. A. Smirnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Network ◽  
System Development ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The City

The article reveals the content of measures to improve the organization of transport services in the metropolis. The key directions of the city transport system development are considered. The analysis of the offered offers is carried out. Keywords: metropolis, transport development, public transport, street and road network.

scholarly journals Implementing Electromobility in Public Transport in Poland in 1990–2020. A Review of Experiences and Evaluation of the Current Development Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4009
Author(s):  
Marcin Połom ◽  
Paweł Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Regional Authorities

Public transport has undergone major changes in recent years. In particular, they relate to the issue of environmental impact. Due to the significant emission of pollutants from the economy, in particular from the transport segment, member states of the European Union have taken measures to limit its scope. Only low-emission and zero-emission vehicles are to be used in transport, and mainly those that are powered by electricity in public transport. The development of battery technologies has led to a revolution in the range and operational capabilities of electric buses in the last decade. They have become a seemingly easy alternative to traditional electric vehicles in public transport—trams and trolleybuses. This article presents the possibilities and limitations of the development of public transport in Poland based on electric buses. An attempt was made to review the literature and compare the possibility of the functioning of buses, trams and trolleybuses in the Polish socio-economic, environmental and technological conditions. The article was based on a literature query, an analysis of unpublished materials, and a qualitative analysis of national programs endorsing the idea of electromobility as well as an online survey on the perception of electric public transport. The main goal of the article was to identify and evaluate the possibilities of developing public transport in Poland with the use of electric buses. The main results of the work include the demonstration that the optics of the national and regional authorities in Poland are focused mainly on electric buses without a thorough analysis of the legitimacy of their operation, especially in small towns. The incentive in the form of subsidizing the purchase of an electric bus is sufficient for them, and the future effects of using electric buses are not investigated.

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