scholarly journals Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment (HTT) Improves the Combustion Properties of Short-Rotation Coppice Willow Wood by Reducing Emission Precursors

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8229
Author(s):  
Sebastian Paczkowski ◽  
Victoria Knappe ◽  
Marta Paczkowska ◽  
Luis Alonzo Diaz Robles ◽  
Dirk Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
Reduction Behavior ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Combustion Properties

The worldwide transformation from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources will increase the demand for biomass. However, the ash content of many available biomass sources exceeds the limits of national standards. In this study, short-rotation coppice willow biomass was hydrothermally treated at 150, 170 and 185 °C. The higher heating value increased by 2.6% from x¯ = 19,279 J × g−1 to x¯ = 19,793 J × g−1 at 185 °C treatment temperature. The mean ash content was reduced by 53% from x¯ = 1.97% to x¯ = 0.93% at 170 °C treatment temperature, which was below the limit for category TW1b of the European pellet standard for thermally treated biomass. The nitrogen, sulfur and cadmium concentrations were reduced below the limits for category TW1b of the European biomass pellet standard (N: from 0.52% to 0.34%, limit at 0.5%; S: from 0.051% to 0.024%, limit at 0.04%; Cd: from 0.83 mg × kg−1 to 0.37 mg × kg−1, limit at 0.5 mg × kg−1). The highest reduction rates were sampled for phosphor (80–84%), potassium (78–90%), chlorine (96–98%) and lithium (96–98%). The reduction behavior of the elements is discussed according to the chemical processes at the onset of hydrothermal carbonization. The results of this study show that HTT has the potential to expand the availability of biomass for the increasing worldwide demand in the future.

scholarly journals Fuel pellets from fine paper mill sludge supplemented by sawdust and by refined recovered lubricating oil

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1144-1160
Author(s):  
Ishaq Ahmad ◽  
Min-Seok Lee ◽  
Ho-Kyung Goo ◽  
Chang-Yeong Lee ◽  
Jeong-Heon Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Paper Mill Sludge ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Refined Oil ◽  
Fuel Pellets

Fine paper mill sludge (FPMS) disposal has emerged as a problem since the dumping of FPMS was banned. This study investigated the effects of adding a refined recovered lubricating oil (ion-refined oil) to FPMS pellets to increase its heating value and combustion time and decrease ash content and ignition time. Fuel pellets were prepared in three conditions, C-1, C-2, and C-3. In C-1, ion-refined oil was added to FPMS to examine its burning capability. In C-2, two types of pellets were produced mixing sawdust and FPMS ratios of 25:75 and 50:50. A ratio of 50:50 was selected for C-3, to which the ion-refined oil was added in different ratios. The quality of the energy fuel pellets was determined using proximate and ultimate analyses, except for chlorine content, which was determined through liquid ion chromatography. The properties of fuel pellets were determined and compared with national standards. It was confirmed that the results for pellets at a ratio of 50:50 with 10% and 15% ion-refined oil were acceptable, because these results were comparatively similar to the standards. Finally, it was concluded that ion-refined oil was an effective additive to FPMS to increase the heating value for energy demand and lower the ash content.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI BRIKET BIOMASSA KULIT KACANG TANAH DAN ARANG TONGKOL JAGUNG TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnawarman Purnawarman ◽  
Nurchayati Nurchayati ◽  
Yesung Allo Padang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Petroleum Reserves ◽  
Lower Heating

Energy crisis in the world especially from fossil fuels which caused by the depletion of non-renewable petroleum reserves. It is therefore necessary to find sources of alternative fuels that are renewable. Biomass is a solid waste that can be used as a fuels source. Peanuts shell and cobs are biomass from agricultural waste which is quite abundant so it is potential to be used as a source of alternative fuels.In this study, peanuts shell biomass combined with charcoal cobs to be made into briquettes by varying the percentage composition of peanuts shell biomass and charcoal cobs as follows 75 : 25, 50 : 50, and 25 : 75. Briquettes that have been printed and then tested its characteristic include heating value, moisture content and ash content.The results show that as the increasing percentage of the charcoal cobs  have a significant influence on the characteristic of the briquettes. Briquettes with mix KKT 25 : ATJ 75 has an higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) the highest is equal to 28.718 kJ/kg and 28.279 kJ/kg, and the lowest percentage of moisture content is equal to 5.854%, but the highest result percentage of ash content is equal to 9.326%. Based on the test of these characteristic, biomass briquettes peanuts shell - charcoal cobs meet quality standards that have been established and eligible to became a source of alternative fuels.

scholarly journals Torrefaction of Short Rotation Coppice of Poplar under Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Atmospheres

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Álvarez ◽  
Gemma Gutiérrez ◽  
María Matos ◽  
Consuelo Pizarro ◽  
Julio L. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Reaction Orders

Torrefaction improves some of the poorest characteristics of biomass such as hygroscopicity, low energy density, or poor grindability which may cause some problems during its handling, storage and combustion. The aim of this work is to apply the torrefaction process to a Short Rotation Coppice of Poplar (SRCP) and characterize the new fuel. Therefore, both non-oxidative and oxidative torrefaction of SRCP were conducted in a tube furnace reactor within the range 200–240 °C and the torrefied biomass was fully characterize, i.e., proximate, ultimate, compositional and heating value analysis as well as wettability studies. In addition, Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was performed at optimal torrefaction temperature. Torrefaction kinetics were obtained using a thermogravimetric analyzer at optimal torrefaction temperature. Minimum mass and energy yields were found to be respectively 85.0% and 87.4% for oxidative torrefaction and 87.5% and 94.1% for non-oxidative option. Moisture was reduced from 6.97% to 4.8% and 4.4% for oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction, respectively. Wettability studies carried out show an increase in hydrophobic behavior. Lignin was affected by torrefaction since decomposition products from guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units were released during Py-GC/MS experiments. The reaction orders were 1.92 and 1.82 for oxidative and non-oxidative torrefaction, respectively and kinetic constant values were 5.99·× 10−5 and 2.98·× 10−5 s−1.

scholarly journals Conversion of Slaughterhouse Wastes to Solid Fuel Using Hydrothermal Carbonization

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Jongkeun Lee ◽  
Sungwan Cho ◽  
Daegi Kim ◽  
JunHee Ryu ◽  
Kwanyong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Energy Retention

In this study, cattle and pig slaughterhouse wastes (SHWs) were hydrothermally carbonized at 150–300 °C, and the properties of SHW-derived hydrochar were evaluated for its use as a solid fuel. The results demonstrated that increasing the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) treatment temperature improved the energy-related properties (i.e., fuel ratio, higher heating value, and coalification degree) of both the cattle and pig SHW-derived hydrochars. However, the improvements of cattle SHW-derived hydrochars were not as dramatic as that of pig SHW-derived hydrochars, due to the lipid-rich components that do not participate in the HTC reaction. In this regard, there was no merit of using HTC treatment on cattle SHW for the production of hydrochar or using the hydrochar as a solid fuel in terms of energy retention efficiency. On the other hand, a mild HTC treatment at approximately 200 °C was deemed suitable for converting pig SHW to value-added solid fuel. The findings of this study suggest that the conversion of SHWs to hydrochar using HTC can provide an environmentally benign method for waste treatment and energy recovery from abandoned biomass. However, the efficiency of energy recovery varies depending on the chemical composition of the raw feedstock.

scholarly journals Acid-Catalyzed Liquefaction of Biomasses from Poplar Clones for Short Rotation Coppice Cultivations

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Ivo Paulo ◽  
Luis Costa ◽  
Abel Rodrigues ◽  
Sofia Orišková ◽  
Sandro Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Elementary Carbon

Liquefaction of biomass delivers a liquid bio-oil with relevant chemical and energetic applications. In this study we coupled it with short rotation coppice (SRC) intensively managed poplar cultivations aimed at biomass production while safeguarding environmental principles of soil quality and biodiversity. We carried out acid-catalyzed liquefaction, at 160 °C and atmospheric pressure, with eight poplar clones from SRC cultivations. The bio-oil yields were high, ranging between 70.7 and 81.5%. Average gains of bio-oil, by comparison of raw biomasses, in elementary carbon and hydrogen and high heating, were 25.6, 67, and 74%, respectively. Loss of oxygen and O/C ratios averaged 38 and 51%, respectively. Amounts of elementary carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in bio-oil were 65, 26, and 8.7%, and HHV averaged 30.5 MJkg−1. Correlation analysis showed the interrelation between elementary carbon with HHV in bio-oil or with oxygen loss. Overall, from 55 correlations, 21 significant and high correlations among a set of 11 variables were found. Among the most relevant ones, the percentage of elementary carbon presented five significant correlations with the percentage of O (−0.980), percentage of C gain (0.902), percentage of O loss (0.973), HHV gain (0.917), and O/C loss (0.943). The amount of carbon is directly correlated with the amount of oxygen, conversely, the decrease in oxygen content increases the elementary carbon and hydrogen concentration, which leads to an improvement in HHV. HHV gain showed a strong positive dependence on the percentage of C (0.917) and percentage of C gain (0.943), while the elementary oxygen (−0.885) and its percentage of O loss (0.978) adversely affect the HHV gain. Consequently, the O/C loss (0.970) increases the HHV positively. van Krevelen’s analysis indicated that bio-oils are chemically compatible with liquid fossil fuels. FTIR-ATR evidenced the presence of derivatives of depolymerization of lignin and cellulose in raw biomasses in bio-oil. TGA/DTG confirmed the bio-oil burning aptitude by the high average 53% mass loss of volatiles associated with lowered peaking decomposition temperatures by 100 °C than raw biomasses. Overall, this research shows the potential of bio-oil from liquefaction of SRC biomasses for the contribution of renewable energy and chemical deliverables, and thereby, to a greener global economy.

scholarly journals Production of Biomass Briquettes Using Coconut Husk and Male Inflorescence of Elaeis guineensis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
O. J. Lawal ◽  
T. A. Atanda ◽  
S. O. Ayanleye ◽  
E. A. Iyiola
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Male Inflorescence ◽  
Combustion Properties

The decreasing availability of fuel wood coupled with the increasing prices of kerosene and cooking gas in Nigeria has drawn attention on the need to consider alternative sources of energy for domestic and industrial use in the country. The study was undertaken to evaluate the combustion properties (percentage volatile matter, percentage ash content, percentage fixed carbon, heating value) of briquette produced from coconut husk and male inflorescence of Elaeis guineensis. The experiment was laid down using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The study involves three particle sizes (2 mm each) of coconut husk, male inflorescence of oil palm tree and cassava starch used as binder. The coconut husk and male inflorescence of Elaeis guineensis were varied into (25:30:40:50:60) respectively and bound together with starch at same ratio. Proximate analysis was carried out to determine the constituent of the briquettes which include ash content, percentage fixed carbon, percentage volatile matter and experimental test to determine the heating value was also determined. All processing variables in this study were significantly different except for heating value at P>0.05. From the result of the percentage ash content, briquette produced from coconut husk, male inflorescence and starch at (20:20:60) has the least fixed carbon (6.5%) with better performance. The highest percentage volatile matter 74.6% was obtained from coconut husk, male inflorescence and starch at (20:20:60) while low fixed carbon (18.8%) was obtained from male inflorescence and starch at (60:40). In conclusion, large quantities of wastes generated in terms of coconut husk and male inflorescence which are disposed indiscriminately can be utilized to produce briquette with enhanced performance.

scholarly journals Influence of the parameters of the hydrothermal carbonization of the biomass on the biocoal obtained from peat

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 07003
Author(s):  
Kristina Krysanova ◽  
Alla Krylova ◽  
Victor Zaichenko ◽  
Vladimir Lavrenov ◽  
Vladimir Khaskhachikh
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Inorganic Component ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Temperature Method ◽  
Different Temperatures

Hydrothermal carbonization is modern low-temperature method to improve characteristics of peat and other types of biomass as a fuel. The influence of methods at different temperatures and different reaction time the physical-chemical and energy properties of the resulting biochar is studied. Characteristics of the initial peat and hydrochar were determined such as elemental composition, ash content, moisture content, heating values. It has been established that with an increase in temperature and reaction time, yield of hydrochar oxygen in it decreases (from 33.1% - initial peat to 19.47% - hydrochar obtained at 230 °C), but carbon (from 52.09% - initial peat to 68.17% - hydrochar obtained at 230 °C) and heating value increases. Also was observed leaching the inorganic component from hydrochar into the water.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fruit Wastes: A Promising Technique for Generating Hydrochar

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bide Zhang ◽  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Bharat Regmi ◽  
Shakirudeen Salaudeen ◽  
Precious Arku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Wet Biomass ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Value Added Products

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a useful method to convert wet biomass to value-added products. Fruit waste generated in juice industries is a huge source of moist feedstock for such conversion to produce hydrochar. This paper deals with four types of fruit wastes as feedstocks for HTC; namely, rotten apple (RA), apple chip pomace (ACP), apple juice pomace (AJP), and grape pomace (GP). The operating conditions for HTC processing were 190 °C, 225 °C, and 260 °C for 15 min. For all samples, higher heating value and fixed carbon increased, while volatile matter and oxygen content decreased after HTC. Except for ACP, the ash content of all samples increased after 225 °C. For RA, AJP, and GP, the possible explanation for increased ash content above 225 °C is that the hydrochar increases in porosity after 230 °C. It was observed that an increase in HTC temperature resulted in an increase in the mass yield for RA and GP, which is in contrast with increasing HTC temperature for lignocellulose biomass. Other characterization tests like thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed that the HTC process can be successfully used to convert fruit wastes into valuable products.

scholarly journals Upgrading fuel potentials of waste biomass via hydrothermal carbonization

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Jelena Petrovic ◽  
Marija Simic ◽  
Marija Mihajlovic ◽  
Marija Koprivica ◽  
Marija Kojic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Biomass Transformation ◽  
Van Krevelen Diagram

In recent decades, massive exploitation of fossil fuels caused a growing demand for the production of energies from renewable sources. Hydrochar obtained from waste biomass via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) possesses good potentials as a biofuel. Therefore, we performed HTC of corn cob, paulownia leaves, and olive pomace at different temperatures (180, 220, and 260 oC). The main goal of this study was to comparatively evaluate the influence of HTC conditions on the structure and fuel characteristics of the obtained solids. The results showed that the yields of hydrochar decrease significantly with increasing temperature in all samples. The carbon content and higher heating value increased and reached the highest values in hydrochars obtained at 260 oC, while the content of volatile matter decreased. Furthermore, the Van Krevelen diagram reveals that the transformation of feedstock to lignite-like products upon HTC was achieved. In this study, the results showed that processes of dehydration and decarboxylation during HTC provoke intensive biomass transformation and that hydrochars obtained at higher temperatures have significantly enhanced fuel properties and fewer volatiles compared to the feedstock.

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