scholarly journals Ratio of Mercury Concentration to PCB Concentration Varies with Sex of White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii)

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Madenjian ◽  
Andrew Stevens ◽  
Martin Stapanian ◽  
David Krabbenhoft ◽  
John DeWild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
Federal Guidelines ◽  
Effect Of Age

The whole-fish total mercury (Hg) concentrations were determined in 25 mature female and 26 mature male white suckers (Catostomus commersonii) caught during their spawning run in the Kewaunee River, a tributary to Lake Michigan. The age of each fish was estimated using thin-sectioned otoliths, and total length (TL) and weight were determined for each fish. When adjusted for the effect of age, males were found to be 7% higher in Hg concentration than females. Nearly all (about 98%) of the Hg found in the white suckers was determined to be methylmercury. In an earlier study on the same 51 white suckers from the Kewaunee River spawning run, males were found to be 18% higher than females in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration. We determined that the ratio of Hg concentration to PCB concentration in females was significantly higher than that in males. Thus, sex significantly interacted with contaminant type (Hg or PCBs) in determining contaminant concentrations. The most plausible explanation for this interaction was that males eliminated Hg at a faster rate than females, most likely due to the boosting of the Hg-elimination rate by certain androgens such as testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone. Hg concentrations in the white suckers were well below federal guidelines for fish consumption.

scholarly journals Phylogeographic Genetic Diversity in the White Sucker Hepatitis B Virus across the Great Lakes Region and Alberta, Canada

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Cynthia R. Adams ◽  
Vicki S. Blazer ◽  
Jim Sherry ◽  
Robert Scott Cornman ◽  
Luke R. Iwanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B viruses belong to a family of circular, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a range of organisms, with host responses that vary from mild infection to chronic infection and cancer. The white sucker hepatitis B virus (WSHBV) was first described in the white sucker (Catostomus commersonii), a freshwater teleost, and belongs to the genus Parahepadnavirus. At present, the host range of WSHBV and its impact on fish health are unknown, and neither genetic diversity nor association with fish health have been studied in any parahepadnavirus. Given the relevance of genomic diversity to disease outcome for the orthohepadnaviruses, we sought to characterize genomic variation in WSHBV and determine how it is structured among watersheds. We identified WSHBV-positive white sucker inhabiting tributaries of Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Erie (USA), and Lake Athabasca (Canada). Copy number in plasma and in liver tissue was estimated via qPCR. Templates from 27 virus-positive fish were amplified and sequenced using a primer-specific, circular long-range amplification method coupled with amplicon sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenetic analysis of the WSHBV genome identified phylogeographical clustering reminiscent of that observed with human hepatitis B virus genotypes. Notably, most non-synonymous substitutions were found to cluster in the pre-S/spacer overlap region, which is relevant for both viral entry and replication. The observed predominance of p1/s3 mutations in this region is indicative of adaptive change in the polymerase open reading frame (ORF), while, at the same time, the surface ORF is under purifying selection. Although the levels of variation we observed do not meet the criteria used to define sub/genotypes of human and avian hepadnaviruses, we identified geographically associated genome variation in the pre-S and spacer domain sufficient to define five WSHBV haplotypes. This study of WSHBV genetic diversity should facilitate the development of molecular markers for future identification of genotypes and provide evidence in future investigations of possible differential disease outcomes.

Electrophysiological and endocrinological evidence that F-series prostaglandins function as priming pheromones in mature male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar parr

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (10) ◽  
pp. 2307-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Moore ◽  
C P Waring
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Female Urine ◽  
Mature Male Parr

Previous work has demonstrated that the urine from mature female salmonids contains a priming pheromone that significantly enhances the reproductive physiology of receiving males. The chemical identity of the pheromone(s) has not yet been identified. The present study investigated the possibility that F-type prostaglandins (PGFs) may have a pheromonal role in Atlantic salmon by measuring the olfactory sensitivity of male salmon to PGFs, the effect of waterborne PGFs on male reproductive physiology and the PGF content of mature female urine. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that the olfactory epithelium of mature male salmon parr was acutely sensitive to PGF1[alpha] and PGF2[alpha], with detection threshold concentrations of 10(-11) mol l-1. The olfactory epithelium was also sensitive to the PGF metabolite 15-ketoPGF2[alpha] (threshold 10(-8) mol l-1), but did not detect a further metabolite, 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoPGF2[alpha]. Sensitivity to both PGF1[alpha] and PGF2[alpha] increased as the reproductive season progressed. Exposure of mature male parr to waterborne PGF1[alpha] and PGF2[alpha] (10(-8) mol l-1) resulted in significant increases in levels of expressible milt and in the plasma concentrations of 17,20ss-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone. Urine from ovulated female salmon also contained large quantities (18 ng ml-1) of immunoreactive PGFs, whereas urine from mature males and non-ovulated mature females contained significantly smaller amounts (<1 ng ml-1). The results support the theory that PGFs function as priming pheromones in Atlantic salmon and are released in the urine of ovulated female salmon. The involvement of these pheromones in synchronising male-female salmon spawning is discussed.

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contamination in Surficial Sediments of Northeastern Lake Michigan

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagros S. Simmons ◽  
Donald I. Bialosky ◽  
Ronald Rossmann
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Surficial Sediments

Dose-Response in Perinatal Exposure To Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): the Michigan and North Carolina Cohort Studies

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Jacobson ◽  
Sandra W. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
General Population ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
The North ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Two prospective, longitudinal studies—one in North Carolina and one in Michigan—have examined effects of prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure on behavioral and cognitive development in infants and children. The Michigan cohort was selected to overrepresent the offspring of women who had eaten relatively large quantities of Lake Michigan fish; the North Carolina cohort was drawn from the general population. Both studies collected umbilical cord serum and maternal serum and milk samples. In both studies, the children were assessed at birth, during infancy, and during the preschool period, and multivariate statistical analysis was used to control for confounding. When exposure was assessed in terms of maternal body burden, effects were seen only in the most heavily exposed children: the top 3-5% of the general population North Carolina sample and the top 11% of the fisheater sample in Michigan.

Global and regional contributions to total mercury concentrations in Lake Michigan water

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomi Zhang ◽  
Kenneth R. Rygwelski ◽  
Mark D. Rowe ◽  
Ronald Rossmann ◽  
Russell G. Kreis
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Lake Michigan

Influence of a novel male on the social behaviour of a captive group of mature female long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jones ◽  
B. Byrne ◽  
M. R. A. Chance
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grooming Relationships ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Sexually Mature

The replacement of a sexually mature, but sexually inactive, male by a novel mature male in a small colony of Macaca fascicularis brought about changes in social behaviour and structure. Particularly striking were the heightened levels of all sexual activity, especially in the females' invitation to the male to copulate. Cohesiveness around the male increased. Increased levels of agonism were noted and changes in the agonistic female hierarchy resulted. The grooming relationships in the colony were also significantly altered.

Chemical communication in Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida): the effect of age and sexual status of attracting and responding worms and localization of the sites of pheromone production in the female

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1943-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterini Riga ◽  
Barbara M. MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Homosexual Male ◽  
Sexual Status ◽  
Effect Of Age

Pheromones, specifically sex and aggregation pheromones, have been found in both immature and mature male and female Heligmosomoides polygyrus. "Heterosexual" (male–female and female–male in responder–target positions) experiments using mature, 12-day-old worms showed a significantly greater attraction to target worms than did similar experiments using immature, 9-day-old worms. "Homosexual" (male–male and female–female) experiments using mature worms were not significantly different from similar experiments using immature worms. The strength of the pheromonal system influencing heterosexual interactions appears to be dependent on the maturity of worms in both the target and responder positions, mature worms being both more attractive and more responsive than immature worms. To determine the site of pheromone production in female worms, various homogenized tissues from females were tested for their attractiveness to males. Male nematodes responded more rapidly toward homogenized uterus containing fertilized eggs than toward homogenates of fertilized eggs only, unfertilized oocytes, or the intestinal tract of female worms. The source of the female-produced pheromone seems to be the uterine epithelium.

scholarly journals Spawning Induction System of Puntius javanicus using Common Carp as a Trigger

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
M. Zairin Junior ◽  
R.K. Sari ◽  
M. Raswin
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Induced Spawning ◽  
Induction System

<p>This study was carried out to determine the effect of induction using common carp as a trigger on spawning of <em>Puntius javanicus</em>.  Mature male and female of <em>Puntius javanicus</em> were reared in outer of the hapa that contains mature male common carp, mature female common carp, or mature male and female common carp as a control.  Common carp broodstock was injected or not injected by ovaprim.  The result of study show that the use of male common carp injected or not injected by ovaprim could induced spawning of <em>Puntius javanicus</em>, without the release of sperm and eggs of common carp.   Fertilization rate of <em>Puntius javanicus</em> eggs was high, reached of 91.4%, by using ovaprim-injected male common carp as trigger.</p> <p>Keywords: <em>Puntius javanicus</em>, common carp, <em>Cyprinus carpio</em>, spawning, induction system</p> <p><em> </em></p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem imbas menggunakan ikan mas (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) sebagai pemicu terhadap pemijahan ikan tawes (<em>Puntius javanicus</em>). Induk ikan tawes jantan dan betina yang telah matang gonad ditempatkan di luar hapa tempat ikan mas jantan matang gonad, ikan mas betina matang gonad, atau sepasang ikan mas matang gonad sebagai perlakuan kontrol. Induk ikan mas disuntik atau tidak dengan ovaprim.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ikan mas yang disuntik ovaprim maupun tidak, dapat mengimbas ikan tawes untuk memijah meskipun tidak terjadi pengeluaran sperma dan telur ikan mas. Derajat pembuahan telur ikan tawes cukup tinggi, mencapai 91,4%, pada perlakuan induksi ikan mas jantan yang disuntik ovaprim.</p> <p>Kata kunci: <em>Puntius javanicus</em>, common carp, <em>Cyprinus carpio</em>, pemijahan, sistem imbas</p>

scholarly journals PENENTUAN JENIS KELAMIN BURUNG KENARI (Serinus canaria) BERDASARKAN GEN Chromodomain Helicase DNA-Binding 1 (CHD1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afif Muhammad Akhrom ◽  
Indarjulianto Soedarmanto ◽  
Yanuartono Yanuartono ◽  
Trini Susmiati ◽  
Alfarisa Nururrozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Female Canaries

Phenotype determination of sex in young canaries is very low in accuracy. This study aimed to develop a genotypic sexing method in canaries. This study used 12 canaries consisting of 3 mature males, 3 mature females and 6 one-month-old canaries. Phenotypic sexing by cloacal observation was done on all birds, continued by genotypic sexing to identification CHD1 gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR used blood samples for mature canaries, and feather for mature and one-month-old canaries. The results of phenotypic observations showed that all mature male canaries had prominent and pointed cloaca forms, all mature females had flat and wide, whereas all one-month-old birds had a flat cloaca. The result of PCR showed a single band (500 bp) for mature male and double bands (500 bp and 300 bp) for mature female canaries. The PCR results of one-month-old canaries showed that there were one male and five females. Based on this study, it was concluded that genotypic sexing using the PCR method is effective in the sex determination of canaries.Keywords: canary, CHD1, genotype, PCR, sexing ABSTRAKPenentuan jenis kelamin burung kenari muda secara fenotip akurasinya sangat rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis kelamin burung kenari secara genotip. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 ekor burung kenari, terdiri dari 6 ekor dewasa (3 jantan, 3 betina) serta 6 ekor umur 1 bulan. Semua burung ditentukan jenis kelaminnya dengan mengamati kloaka dan identifikasi gen CHD1 menggunakan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sampel DNA berasal dari darah dan bulu untuk burung dewasa serta bulu untuk burung umur 1 bulan. Pengamatan fenotip menunjukkan bahwa burung kenari dewasa jantan mempunyai bentuk kloaka menonjol dan runcing, dewasa betina berbentuk datar dan lebar, sedangkan semua burung umur 1 bulan mempunya bentuk kloaka datar. Hasil identifikasi gen CHD1 diperoleh adanya 1 pita gen sekitar 500 bp dari sampel darah dan bulu semua burung kenari dewasa jantan, dan 2 pita gen sekitar 500 bp dan 300 bp dari sampel semua burung kenari betina dewasa. Hasil PCR pada sampel burung umur 1 bulan menunjukkan bahwa 1 ekor jantan dan 5 ekor betina. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penentuan jenis kelamin secara genotip menggunakan gen CHD1 dapat dilakukan pada burung kenari.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document