scholarly journals The Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Effects of Agricultural Practices on the Environment

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Fanelli

It is widely known that agricultural practices can alter natural ecosystems, both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view. Indeed, over the years, the intensification of production through excessive or inappropriate use of pesticides and fertilisers in the agricultural sector has had a negative impact on natural resources. This negative environment impact has had both minor and major consequences for the natural resources present in the different areas of the European Union (EU). This variability depends mainly on the different agricultural training of farmers and on their ability to practise sustainable agriculture. Hence, with a specific set of agri-environmental indicators provided by the Eurostat database, this paper analyses the spatial and temporal variation of the agricultural land-use practices and the related environmental effects in EU countries. In pursuit of this aim, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis (factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis) were adopted to determine the similarities/dissimilarities between the different types of agricultural production in the EU and the dominant dimensions of agricultural production and activities there in terms of their impact of natural resources in order to identify “homogeneity” among member states. The main contribution of this paper lies, above all, in the fact that the classification of these countries in four agro-ecosystems, with similar use of energy, pollution factors, and natural resources, could be useful as a tool for policymakers. Importantly, it could help them to define different incentives that could encourage farmers to adopt more sustainable agricultural production methods.

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Iwan Setiajie Anugrah

<p><strong>English</strong><br />The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive information on performance development and problems associated with land resource utilisation and its future management perspective. The coverage of discussion to identify such objectives could be divided as follows: (1) perception and concept of land resource, (2) the development of land resource, (3) the importance of land resource, (4) land resource and agricultural production stability, and (5) discussion on policy alternatives to overcome land resource problems. Some important findings could be described as follows: (1) various concepts and ideas on land resource have led to a thought that land resource has social, economic, political values, and a symbol at a certain level as a production factor in agricultural sector, (2) land resource development has changed land resource institutions, land fragmentation, land transfer to other non-agricultural utilization, land value improvement, and polarization and absentee practices, (3) various development activities has reflected the importance of land resource and the highly competitiveness of land utilization in line to the importance of each activity and each sector, (4) acting as a stabilizer in agricultural production, the land resource has faced many problems both in current time or in the future especially those associated with agricultural land degradation reducing land fertileness that ended in marginal land accumulation, in the mean time, food-self sufficiency should be continuously maintained, (5) although all problems on land affairs have been arranged in the UUPA since September 1960; Keppres No. 53/1989 or Keppres No. 33/1990, the problems continually appeared. In this regard, governor, based on Permendagri No. 15/1975, as an officer authorized to issue land utility permit, should launched policies which are very much expected to harmonize the central and local requests, the government and the people, agricultural and nonagricultural sectors, or individual/group requests and the society's needs on land resource.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang perkembangan keragaan dan permasalahan pemanfaatan sumberdaya lahan serta perspektif penanganannya di masa datang. Identifikasi ke arah tersebut dilakukan melalui beberapa subpokok bahasan yang meliputi : (1) persepsi dan konsepsi terhadap sumberdaya lahan, (2) perkembangan sumberdaya lahan berdasarkan waktu, (3) kepentingan terhadap sumberdaya lahan, (4) sumberdaya lahan dan stabilitas produksi pertanian, dan (5) pemikiran terhadap kebijaksanaan dalam mengatasi permasalahan sumberdaya lahan. Beberapa temuan penting yang perlu dikemukakan adalah : (1) beragamnya konsep serta pandangan sumberdaya lahan dalam arti luas memberikan gambaran bahwa sumberdaya lahan mempunyai fungsi sosial ekonomi, politik, serta simbol status tertentu selain sebagai faktor produksi di sektor pertanian, (2) perkembangan sumberdaya lahan berdasarkan waktu telah membawa perubahan terhadap kelembagaan sumberdaya lahan dengan adanya kegiatan fragmentasi lahan, alih fungsi lahan pertanian ke nonpertanian, peningkatan nilai lahan, terjadinya polarisasi ataupun praktek-praktek absentee, (3) adanya berbagai kegiatan pembangunan menjadikan sumber daya lahan sebagai asset yang cukup penting, sehingga terjadi persaingan penggunaan yang cukup meningkat sesuai dengan kepentingan antar aktivitas maupun antar sektoral, (4) sebagai stabilisator bagi produksi pertanian, sumberdaya lahan dihadapkan pada persoalan yang cukup berat baik saat ini dan juga di masa yang akan datang terutama dengan meningkatnya degradasi lahan pertanian, penyusutan lahan produktif yang digantikan dengan lahan marjinal, sementara kebutuhan akan swasembada pangan tetap harus dipertahankan, (5) walaupun secara yuridis permasalahan pertanahan telah diatur dalam UUPA sejak September 1960, Keppres No.53/1989 ataupun Keppres No.33/1990, persoalan mengenai lahan tetap meningkat. Untuk itu kebijaksanaan dari gubernur sebagai pejabat yang berwenang dalam pemberian izin penggunaan lahan sesuai dengan keputusan Permendagri No.15 Tahun 1975 sangat diharapkan sekaligus mampu menselaraskan perbedaan kepentingan antara pusat dengan daerah, penguasa dengan rakyat, sektor pertanian dengan nonpertanian, ataupun kepentingan individu/golongan dengan masyarakat luas terhadap kebutuhan sumberdaya lahan.</p>


Author(s):  
Nwakor Flora Ngozi ◽  
Amadi C. Okey ◽  
Okwusi Moses Chukwunwike ◽  
Adiele Ezekiel Chinyere

Climate change is a global problem affecting agricultural production, a good adaptation strategy for this phenomena should be sought for increase agricultural production. The study was conducted in Nigeria to assess the Impact of Climate Change on root and tuber crops production among farmers in Nigeria. Secondary data were used for the study, they were collected from NRCRI Umudike and other individual publications. The result shows that climate change had negative impact on root and tubers crops production including potato. Adaptation of Agriculture to climate change in the areas of crop and animal production, post harvest activities and capacity building, divers friction of livelihood sources through the use of different farming methods and improved agricultural practices will help to reduce the impact of climate change. Examples are establishment of forestry, generation of improved and disease resistance crop varieties addition of value into agricultural products and post harvest activities for climate change adaptation and sustainable development.


2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
TF Khan ◽  
MW Ullah ◽  
SM Imamul Huq

A study was carried out in 24 Upazillas of 12 districts of Bangladesh with a view to identifying risks, vulnerabilities and impacts of different types of natural disasters commonly occurring in Bangladesh with respect to agricultural production and sustainable agricultural development. Three districts were selected from each category of the disaster viz., drought, saline, river flood and flash flood prone. Two Upazillas were selected randomly from each district by considering the homogeneity (climate, agricultural practices, agricultural production, disaster risks, livelihood system, population, etc.) of the particular disaster affected areas. Of the four disasters, drought prone area covers the highest net cultivable area (NCA) measuring about 121 ha. Flash flood, salinity and river flood prone area covers approximately 115, 60 and 30 ha, respectively. The dominant cropping pattern in drought areas is Fallow-T.Aman-Wheat. In saline areas, it is Fallow-T. Aman- Pulse while in flood areas, it is Fallow-T.Aman- HYV Boro. Trend analysis shows that overall cropped area decreased by 1% in all disaster prone areas from 1984 - 2013. The highest decrease in cropped area was found for pulse in both drought (13%) and river flood (14%) areas. In saline and flash flood areas, it was for spice and potato, respectively. Among 72 farmers, 85% is vulnerable to drought, 90% to salinity, 69% to river flood and 95% to flash flood. Medium high land was found to be the most vulnerable for agricultural production in all disaster prone areas. Due to vulnerability to disasters, medium high land remains fallow in saline (83%), river flood (51%) and flash flood (31%) areas. In case of drought regions, medium low land (37%) remains fallow.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(2): 91-101, Dec-2015


10.12737/6497 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Хисматуллин ◽  
Marsel Khismatullin ◽  
Хафизов ◽  
Dafik Khafizov

An increase the efficiency of agricultural production is the most important economic issue at the present stage. However, according to the authors’ opinion, the sharpness of the problem for a long time is underestimated and continues to be underestimated in the agrarian policy of the country. The consequences of such attitude to the problems of agricultural development particularly had a negative impact on the results of the agricultural producers in 1991-1998 years, when investment in agriculture was sharply reduced, the production potential of the sector has been undermined. The agricultural production fell by 50%, compared to the pre-reform period, 88% of agricultural organizations were unprofitable. During 1999 - 2013 years, the government of the country, scientists carried out considerable work to ensure the effective development of agriculture. But, nevertheless, in 2013, the level of agricultural production was by 10.3% lower, than in the pre-reform 1990 year, the financials continue to worsen. According to the authors, so that to ensure the conditions for agricultural producers for effective functioning, expanded reproduction, it requires substantially to increase the level of state support to agriculture, to improve the economic mechanism of management, to develop management forms manifolds, under which we mean a rational, mutually reinforcing combination of different forms of management, based on different forms of ownership, ensuring the efficient use of available natural, labour, material and financial resources. In the paper the author’s definition of management forms is given. The development of forms of management and ownership in the agricultural sector should be seen as a continuous process. The composition and structure of the management forms in the agrarian sector will be updated with the development of market relations, economic conditions change.


1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Campbell ◽  
J Radke ◽  
J T Gless ◽  
R M Wirtshafter

This paper is focused on the application of linear programming (LP) in combination with a geographic information system (GIS) in planning agricultural land-use strategies. One of the essential inputs for planning any agricultural land-use strategy is a knowledge of the natural resources. This is even more critical in small countries such as those in the Eastern Caribbean, where land-area limitations dictate a greater need for careful assessment and management of these resources. The first step of the proposed methodology is to obtain an assessment of the natural resources available to agriculture. The GIS is used to delineate land-use conflicts and provide reliable information on the natural-resource database. This is followed by combining the data on natural resources with other quantifiable information on available labour, market forecasts, technology, and cost information in order to estimate the economic potential of the agricultural sector. LP is used in this step. Finally, the GIS is applied again to map the crop and land-allocation patterns generated by the LP model. The results are concrete suggestions for resource allocation, farm-size mix, policy application, and implementation projects.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
S. Abdullayeva

Problems associated with the growing shortage of natural resources and the relevance of the development of organic agriculture are revealed, as well as put forward proposals for solving these problems. Data on statistical and analytical sources are given. The information on biological and chemical methods of agricultural land cultivation in Uzbekistan was used. The information of authors from different countries on the greening of agricultural production is used. In conclusion, it is concluded that in the future, the development of organic agriculture should become one of the most important areas of agricultural policy.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franc Željko Županić ◽  
Danka Radić ◽  
Iztok Podbregar

Abstract Background: The aim of this paper is to analyze the possibilities of the agricultural sector of the Western Balkans, to assess compliance with the European Green Deal, which provides for the implementation of activities, which should enable the transition to the green sector and climate change mitigation. This paper is the first scientific paper to analyze agriculture and climate change in light of the EU Green Deal for the Western Balkan territory.Results: Agricultural production is one of the leading industries in the Western Balkans. In the Republic of Serbia, the total gross value of agricultural production in 2019 amounted to 5.5 billion dollars, in Albania, it is the basis of the life of the population and the system of protection against unemployment, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1/5 of the population is employed in this sector. Montenegro has a significant share in the gross domestic product (GDP, 8%), while in the Republic of Northern Macedonia agriculture accounts for 13% of GDP. Climate change and predictions that temperatures will increase by 4oC in the coming decades pose a risk not only to agricultural production but also to the safety of the population. If it takes into account that the agricultural production of the countries of the Western Balkans depends primarily on rain, this makes this sector particularly vulnerable. Unless appropriate measures are taken and risk management for water resources and agriculture is improved, there will be a decrease in precipitation and an increase in dry days by 20%. One of the ways to implement adequate activities is the adoption of regulations related to the creation of local energy management, which will enable the assessment of climate change and based on them to give appropriate "energy response“. Conclusions: Taking this combined and ambitious approach and using the latest developments in knowledge and innovation, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) aligns agriculture with the European Green Deal, which aims to create an inclusive, competitive, and environmentally friendly future for Europe. Finding renewable energy sources and improving risk management can mitigate the negative impact of climate change and prevent the loss of agrobiodiversity.


The article deals with theoretical and practical aspects of agricultural digitization in the context of sustainable development of society. The levels of digitization of agricultural production have been determined. The basic digital technologies used in agriculture in the context of separate production processes are considered. It is established that the digitization of the agricultural sector of the economy contributes not only to improving the economic efficiency of functioning and competitiveness of the industry, but also allows reducing the burden on natural resources and the environment as a whole.


Author(s):  
Stanisław BACIOR ◽  
Barbara PRUS ◽  
Małgorzata DUDZIŃSKA

The developed, innovative method of estimating the impact of motorway on agricultural land allows determination of all the losses associated with the directions of this impact. The basis for the determination of losses is the analysis of variability in land use and the quality classes and location of access roads to the land along the axis of the planned motorway. The approved measure of the multidirectional impact of the motorway on agricultural land is a change in the value of land, which is designated taking into account the differentiation of their suitability for agricultural production. The developed method of determining the impact of motorway on agricultural land was presented on the example of A4 motorway section between Bratkowice and Mrowla. The existing section of motorway was assessed and then for the same section the calculations were made again, but with an alternative location of the motorway overpasses. In the case of the existing section, the construction of one kilometer of the section of motorway under consideration will result in a reduction in the value of agricultural land of 1725 cereal units. Acquisition of land for the construction of the motorway and its negative impact cover about 69% of the total reduction in value of agricultural land. The remaining 31% of the land value reduction is related to the increase in transport and the deterioration of the parcels layout. On the other hand, in the case of the section with alternative arrangement of viaducts, the value of agricultural land is reduced of 1538 cereal units. Acquisition of land under construction and its toxic impact will be equal 75%, while the combined effect of transport growth and deterioration of the layout makes 25%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Henita Fajar Oktavia

Conventional agriculture used chemical fertilizers and pesticides for long-term had negative impacts on the environment, due to chemical residues that pollute the environment. In addition it has a bad impact on the harvest, because they contain chemical residues that may affect health of consumers. Recently, there has been a global issue in agricultural sector of back to nature, such as the use of biological materials as components of fertilizers and pesticides, as known as an environmentally friendly agriculture. Farmers in the area of ​​Badan Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) at North Tambun, Bekasi Regency, have land that is suitable for farming food crops, palawija and horticulture. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production is still quite high until now, and doesn't used exact dose, method, type and frequency. To reduce the negative impact of residues using agricultural chemicals on the environment and yields, by replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, chemical pesticides with bio-pesticides. Farmer empowerment aims to increase knowledge, learning and skills regarding the selection of the composition of basic ingredients for making organic fertilizers and biopesticides, manufacturing training and assistance in how to apply directly to agricultural land. The outputs of PkM (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) activities are increasing farmers understanding of environmentally friendly agriculture, increasing farmers knowledge in using organic fertilizers and biopesticides made by participants, and increasing interest and motivation from farmers to develop alternative organic fertilizers and bio-pesticides that are in accordance with the availability materials around and cropping patterns. It was proven that after counseling there was an increase in the knowledge aspect by 27.1%, the attitude aspect by 19.54% and the behavioral aspect by 8.9%.


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