scholarly journals Assessing Energy-Based CO2 Emission and Workers’ Health Risks at the Shipbreaking Industries in Bangladesh

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nandita Mitra ◽  
Shihab Ahmad Shahriar ◽  
Nurunnaher Lovely ◽  
Md Shohel Khan ◽  
Aweng Eh Rak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Ipcc Guidelines ◽  
Gwr Model

The study represents the estimation of energy-based CO2 emission and the health risks of workers involved in the shipbreaking industries in Sitakunda, Bangladesh. To calculate the carbon emission (CE) from three shipbreaking activities, i.e., metal gas cutting (GC), diesel fuel (FU) and electricity consumption (EC), we used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s Emission and Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) emission factors. Moreover, the geographic weighted regression (GWR) model was applied to assess the contribution of influencing factors of CE throughout the sampling points. To assess the workers’ health condition and their perceptions on environmental degradation, a semi-structured questionnaire survey among 118 respondents were performed. The results showed that total CO2 emissions from GC were 0.12 megatons (MT), 11.43 MT, and 41.39 MT for daily, monthly, and yearly respectively, and the values were significantly higher than the surrounding control area. Emissions from the FU were estimated as daily: 0.85 MT, monthly: 1.92 MT, and yearly: 17.91 MT, which were significantly higher than EC. The study also revealed that workers were very susceptible to accidental hazards especially death (91%), and pollution (79%). Environmental consequences and health risks of the workers in shipbreaking industry warrant more attention nationally and internationally at the industry-level.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Analysis of CO2 Emission Driving Force in Various Provinces in China Using the Extended STIRPAT-GWR Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Gwr Model

To fill the shortcomings of traditional research that ignores the driver’s own spatial characteristics and provide a theoretical support to formulate suitable emission reduction policies in different regions across China. In this pursuit, based on the panel data of provincial CO2 emission in 2007, 2012, and 2017, the present study employed the extended environmental impact assessment model (STIRPAT-GWR model) to study the effect of population, energy intensity, energy structure, urbanization and industrial structure on the CO2 emissions in 29 provinces across China. The empirical results show that the effect of drivers on the CO2 emissions exhibited significant variations among the different provinces. The effect of population in the southwest region was significantly lower than that of the central and eastern regions. Provinces with stronger energy intensity effects were concentrated in the central and western regions. The effect of energy structure in the eastern and northern regions was relatively strong, and gradually weakened towards the southeast region. The areas with high urbanization effect were concentrated in the central and the eastern regions. Furthermore, significant changes were observed in the high-effect regions of the industrial structure in 2017. The high-effect area showed a migration from the northwest and northeast regions in 2007 and 2012, respectively, to the southwest and southeast regions in 2017. Urbanization showed the strongest effect on the CO2 emissions, followed by population and energy intensity, and the weakest effect was exhibited by the energy and industrial structure. Thus, the effects of population and energy structure showed a downward trend, in contrary to the effect of urbanization on the CO2 emissions in China.

Zero Emissions Vessels

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Boylston ◽  
Bret S. Smart ◽  
John P. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Truck Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost

This paper proposes a LNG-fueled coastal RO/RO for the East Coast of the US trade to meet upcoming Emission Control Area (ECA) requirements. The exhaust system for this vessel is proposed to be a wet system so there is no airborne emission. The CO2 remaining in the exhaust system is removed in the exhaust stream, and remaining exhaust components are combined with cooling water to provide a cooling effluent that meets Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements. The concept design is carried to the point of determining operating economics, and the environmental effect of operating such ships is assessed as compared to conventional truck traffic. It was found that each ship will reduce East Coast highway truck traffic by over 1900 trucks per week. Since there are no emissions from the ship, each ship will also bring environmental advantages. It appears the ship would be economically competitive with conventional truck transport: the cost for transporting a single 53’ trailer via ship is roughly $996, compared to $1245 via truck. Furthermore, the proposed three vessel shipping service could potential-ly remove nearly 300,000 vehicles from the road annually.

scholarly journals Health Risks of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Metals at Informal Electronic Waste Recycling Sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimere Ohajinwa ◽  
Peter van Bodegom ◽  
Oladele Osibanjo ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
Jingwen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
The United States ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermal Contact ◽  
Adverse Health

Concerns about the adverse public health consequences of informal electronic waste (e-waste) recycling are increasing. This study adopted a cross-sectional study design to gain insights into health risks (cancer and non-cancer risks) associated with exposure to e-waste chemicals among informal e-waste workers via three main routes: Dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation. The e-waste chemicals (PBDE and metals) were measured in the dust and top soils at e-waste sites (burning, dismantling, and repair sites). Adverse health risks were calculated using the EPA model developed by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States. The concentrations of the e-waste chemicals and the health risks at the e-waste sites increased as the intensity of the e-waste recycling activities increased: control sites < repair sites < dismantling sites < burning sites. Dermal contact was the main route of exposure while exposure via inhalation was negligible for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Cumulative health risks via all routes of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact) exceeded the acceptable limits of both non-cancer effects and cancer risk at all e-waste sites. This indicates that overall the e-waste workers are at the risk of adverse health effects. Therefore, the importance of occupational safety programs and management regulations for e-waste workers cannot be over emphasised.

A Study on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in End-Life Cycle of Residential Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 226-229
Author(s):  
Gi Wook Cha ◽  
Won Hwa Hong ◽  
Sung Woo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ipcc Guidelines

In recent years, demolition work in Korea has been rapidly increasing, and accordingly, its environmental impact has become significant, thus requiring quantitative analysis on energy consumption and CO2 emissions generated during demolition work. This study aims to examine energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the end-life cycle of buildings. In this study, inventory analysis was conducted and basic units of energy consumption and CO2 emissions were calculated in accordance with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines published in 1996. Major findings show that 64% of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings’ end-life cycle is generated in the demolition phase, and 36% in the transportation phase.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Refrigeration Equipment in Malaysia

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Saidur ◽  
MA Sattar ◽  
H.H. Masjuki ◽  
M.Y. Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Refrigeration Equipment

This paper presents an analysis of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from refrigeration equipment. The refrigeration equipments use refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons HFCs, which are believed to contribute the ozone depletion and global warming. Refrigeration equipment thus contributes indirectly through emission due to electricity consumption and directly due to the emission of refrigerants. Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the burning of fossil fuels are quantified and presented in this paper. The calculation was carried out based on emissions per unit electricity generated and the type of fuel used. The direct emission of refrigerant was calculated based on emission factor and according to the procedure of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), USA. A study was conducted to evaluate the refrigerant losses to the atmosphere and the CO2 emission from fossil fuels to generate power to run the refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. In this paper, total appliance annual energy consumption by refrigerator-freezer and air conditioner as well as emission has been estimated for a period of 19 years (1997–2015) using the survey data. Energy savings and emission reductions achievable by raising thermostat set point temperature have been calculated for a period of 10 (i.e. 2005–2015) years.

scholarly journals Creation of Zero CO2 Emission Plants Due to Energy Use: A Case Study in Crete, Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

Creation of zero CO2 emission enterprises due to energy use in Crete, Greece has been examined with reference to an orange juice producing plant (Viochym). Energy intensity at Viochym has been estimated at 1.66 KWh per € of annual sales. Oil used for heat generation has been replaced with solid biomass produced locally in Crete and resulting in zero CO2 emissions due to the use of heat. Offsetting CO2 emissions due to grid electricity use has been proposed with two options. The first includes the installation of a solar photovoltaic system with nominal power of 417 KWp, according to net metering regulations, generating annually 625 MWh equal to annual grid electricity consumption in the plant. Its capital cost has been estimated at 0.5 mil € which corresponds to 1.07 € per kg of CO2 saved annually.The second option includes the creation of a tree plantation in an area of 107 hectare resulting in carbon sequestration equal to carbon emissions in the plant due to electricity use. Both options for offsetting CO2 emissions in Viochym have various advantages and drawbacks and they are considered realistic and feasible, resulting in the elimination of its carbon emissions due to energy use. Improvement of the energy intensity of various processes in Viochym could result in lower CO2 emissions and smaller sizing of the required renewable energy systems for eliminating them.

scholarly journals A Triple Layer Model to Manage Romania's Health Risks and Educational Consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Elena-Iuliana Paşcu-Gabără ◽  
Larisa Mihoreanu
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Health Progress ◽  
High Level ◽  
Applied Knowledge

This article explores the relationship between education and health from the perspective of revised literature and suggests an exercise combining the scientific theory with applied knowledge to achieve health progress reflected in health indices improvement for individuals and community. The relation between aggregate health condition, food and nutrition receives, through education, a new shape implying a three-way causality analysis to highlight the role of each entity exerting significant influences in the others’ good functioning.Three important issues are considered for the new and comprehensive definition: a) high level of education implies specific health benefits; b) health affects the level of education of the population; and c) living conditions, especially the childhood, affect both the population’s education and the aggregate health of the whole nation.This paper develops the new model to easier identify health risks, from the individuals’ attitude and their behavior in society, throughout life, within the institutional contexts.The conclusion shows that individuals and their personal traits are built, shaped and solidified within the first social frame (family), being permanently affected by surroundings. Subsequently, the influence of the community - through consolidation or disruptive factors - emphasized by political decisions, public establishments and their policies or other institutions – generates different social and cultural contexts whose aggregate consequences will be lasting and influence the national future.

Warrior for Clean Skies: Anti-Geoengineering Activist Rosalind Peterson’s Environmental Legacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 309-328
Author(s):  
Rob Williams
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Data ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Citizen Scientist ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Environmental Legacy ◽  
Public Repositories ◽  
The Many

US citizen scientist, researcher, and anti-geoengineering activist Rosalind Peterson of Mendocino, California, proved both pioneer and prophet. She helped catalyze a global grassroots anti-geoengineering movement through her decades-long work crusading for clearer skies, cleaner water, healthier trees and plants, and a more resilient planet free of geoengineering fallout. Peterson combined scientific data collection and research, publishing, public speaking, and political advocacy to educate the world about the many negative environmental consequences of clandestine geoengineering. In 2002 Peterson founded California Skywatch (CSW), and in 2006 the Agricultural Defense Coalition (ADC). The two organizations merged in January 2011 and remain vital online public repositories of scientific data, legislative documents, and visual evidence of covert geoengineering programs. Peterson’s indefatigable efforts over three decades to call global public attention to the environmental consequences of geoengineering exemplify the potential power of the citizen scientist to shape scientific and political processes and outcomes. Peterson’s decades-long effort to uncover the myriad toxic environmental impacts of clandestine geoengineering also provides a compelling, scientifically researched alternative to the widely accepted theory advanced by the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that global warming is primarily caused by anthropogenically released carbon dioxide.

The impact of climate change on electricity demand in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnaemeka Vincent Emodi ◽  
Taha Chaiechi ◽  
ABM Rabiul Alam Beg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

This study estimates the short- and long-term impacts of climate change on electricity demand in Australia. We used an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model with monthly data from 1999 to 2014 for six Australian states and one territory. The results reveal significant variations in electricity demand. We then used long-term coefficients for climatic response to simulate future electricity demand using four scenarios based on the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Our results show a gradual increase in electricity consumption due to warmer temperatures with the possibility of peak demand in winter; however, demand tends to decrease in the middle of the twenty-first century across the RCPs, while the summer peak load increases by the end of the century. Finally, we simulated the impact of policy uncertainty through sensitivity analysis and confirmed the potential benefits of climate change adaptation and mitigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document