scholarly journals Carbon Emissions from Oil Palm Induced Forest and Peatland Conversion in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar ◽  
Nor Fitrah Syazwani Said ◽  
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud ◽  
Royston Uning ◽  
Mohd Talib Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Co2 Uptake

The palm oil industry is one of the major producers of vegetable oil in the tropics. Palm oil is used extensively for the manufacture of a wide variety of products and its production is increasing by around 9% every year, prompted largely by the expanding biofuel markets. The rise in annual demand for biofuels and vegetable oil from importer countries has caused a dramatic increase in the conversion of forests and peatlands into oil palm plantations in Malaysia. This study assessed the area of forests and peatlands converted into oil palm plantations from 1990 to 2018 in the states of Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysia, and estimated the resulting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. To do so, we analyzed multitemporal 30-m resolution Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 images using a hybrid method that combined automatic image processing and manual analyses. We found that over the 28-year period, forest cover declined by 12.6% and 16.3%, and the peatland area declined by 20.5% and 19.1% in Sarawak and Sabah, respectively. In 2018, we found that these changes resulted in CO2 emissions of 0.01577 and 0.00086 Gt CO2-C yr−1, as compared to an annual forest CO2 uptake of 0.26464 and 0.15007 Gt CO2-C yr−1, in Sarawak and Sabah, respectively. Our assessment highlights that carbon impacts extend beyond lost standing stocks, and result in substantial direct emissions from the oil palm plantations themselves, with 2018 oil palm plantations in our study area emitting up to 4% of CO2 uptake by remaining forests. Limiting future climate change impacts requires enhanced economic incentives for land uses that neither convert standing forests nor result in substantial CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals A Review of Southeast Asian Oil Palm and Its CO2 Fluxes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royston Uning ◽  
Mohd Talib Latif ◽  
Murnira Othman ◽  
Liew Juneng ◽  
Norfazrin Mohd Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
Oil Palm Industry ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Palm oil production is a key industry in tropical regions, driven by the demand for affordable vegetable oil. Palm oil production has been increasing by 9% every year, mostly due to expanding biofuel markets. However, the oil palm industry has been associated with key environmental issues, such as deforestation, peatland exploitation and biomass burning that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, leading to climate change. This review therefore aims to discuss the characteristics of oil palm plantations and their impacts, especially CO2 emissions in the Southeast Asian region. The tropical climate and soil in Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia and Indonesia, are very suitable for growing oil palm trees. However, due to the scarcity of available plantation areas deforestation occurs, especially in peat swamp areas. Total carbon losses from both biomass and peat due to the conversion of tropical virgin peat swamp forest into oil palm plantations are estimated to be around 427.2 ± 90.7 t C ha−1 and 17.1 ± 3.6 t C ha−1 year−1, respectively. Even though measured CO2 fluxes have shown that overall, oil palm plantation CO2 emissions are about one to two times higher than other major crops, the ability of oil palms to absorb CO2 (a net of 64 tons of CO2 per hectare each year) and produce around 18 tons of oxygen per hectare per year is one of the main advantages of this crop. Since the oil palm industry plays a crucial role in the socio-economic development of Southeast Asian countries, sustainable and environmentally friendly practices would provide economic benefits while minimizing environmental impacts. A comprehensive review of all existing oil plantation procedures is needed to ensure that this high yielding crop has highly competitive environmental benefits.

Design and Development of an Integrated Small-Scale Oil Palm Fruit Processing Mill

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 739-743
Author(s):  
C.O. Ilechie ◽  
A.O. Akii Ibhadode ◽  
B.O. Abikoye
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Fruit Processing

The oil palm (elaeis guneensis) is a very important economic crop in West Africa where it is native. The fruit bunch contains 23 to 30% oil and is the highest yielding of all vegetable oil crops. Palm oil is the second most important vegetable oil in world consumption and the first to be commercialized internationally. Africa and indeed Nigerian was the world’s highest producer of palm oil prior to 1961. Today, Nigeria is the fourth largest producer after Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. One of the main reasons given for this fall is lack of efficient mechanized processing equipment for the small-scale producers who produce over 80% of the country’s palm oil. Their methods of production are labour intensive, batch, tedious, inefficient, and produce poor quality oil, have low throughput, unable to extract palm kernel alongside palm oil and so productivity is low and products (palm oil and palm kernel) lack competitiveness. This work has developed a mechanized oil palm fruit processing mill with six fully integrated systems for extracting good quality palm oil and palm kernel, while utilizing process wastes as the main source of heat energy. Each system/unit is expected to operate at the best quoted system efficiency. Tests are ongoing to determine and confirm these efficiencies.

scholarly journals Effect of oil palm sustainability certification on deforestation and fire in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly M. Carlson ◽  
Robert Heilmayr ◽  
Holly K. Gibbs ◽  
Praveen Noojipady ◽  
David N. Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

Many major corporations and countries have made commitments to purchase or produce only “sustainable” palm oil, a commodity responsible for substantial tropical forest loss. Sustainability certification is the tool most used to fulfill these procurement policies, and around 20% of global palm oil production was certified by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) in 2017. However, the effect of certification on deforestation in oil palm plantations remains unclear. Here, we use a comprehensive dataset of RSPO-certified and noncertified oil palm plantations (∼188,000 km2) in Indonesia, the leading producer of palm oil, as well as annual remotely sensed metrics of tree cover loss and fire occurrence, to evaluate the impact of certification on deforestation and fire from 2001 to 2015. While forest loss and fire continued after RSPO certification, certified palm oil was associated with reduced deforestation. Certification lowered deforestation by 33% from a counterfactual of 9.8 to 6.6% y−1. Nevertheless, most plantations contained little residual forest when they received certification. As a result, by 2015, certified areas held less than 1% of forests remaining within Indonesian oil palm plantations. Moreover, certification had no causal impact on forest loss in peatlands or active fire detection rates. Broader adoption of certification in forested regions, strict requirements to avoid all peat, and routine monitoring of clearly defined forest cover loss in certified and RSPO member-held plantations appear necessary if the RSPO is to yield conservation and climate benefits from reductions in tropical deforestation.

scholarly journals Kontribusi Produksi Cellular Lightweight Concrete Serat Limbah Pelepah Kelapa Ssawit Terhadap Emisi CO2

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Zainuri Zainuri ◽  
Sujianto Sujianto ◽  
Adrianto Ahmad ◽  
Feliatra Feliatra
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
By Products

The vast palm oil plantations in Riau province which are 2,430,500 hectares (BPS Indonesia, 2017) have great potential as a provider of CPO (Crude Palm Oil) and other by-products and include waste. The midrib is always lowered along with the decrease in oil palm fruit bunches at harvest. Handling of waste from the midrib is only by stacking it in the field and letting it dry and self-destruct. Oil palm midribs are still a problem today because they can affect the global climate with greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon emissions can still be minimized by utilizing oil palm midribs. This study aims to measure the reduction of CO2 emissions as an added ingredient in the production of fiber CLC. Presentation of research results using descriptive methods. Research conducted in laboratories with an experimental approach is quantitative. The findings of this study are that the use of oil palm fronds as an added ingredient in producing CLC of solar and electric fuel fibers by 1 m3 can reduce CO2 emissions. The conclusion of this study is that CO2 emissions that can be reduced in the manufacture of 1 m3 of fiber CLC using diesel fuel is 111,582 tons/year and when using an electrically driven engine the CO2 emissions that can be reduced are 120.887 tons/year.

scholarly journals Species Richness and Carbon Footprints of Vegetable Oils: Can High Yields Outweigh Palm Oil’s Environmental Impact?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Robert Beyer ◽  
Tim Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
High Yields

Palm oil has been widely criticised for its high environmental impacts, leading to calls to replace it with alternative vegetable oils in food and cosmetic products. However, substituting palm oil would be environmentally beneficial only if the environmental footprint per litre oil were lower than those of alternative vegetable oils. Whether this is the case is not obvious, given the high oil yields of oil palm of up to 10 times those of alternative crops. Here, we combine global agricultural and environmental datasets to show that, among the world’s seven major vegetable oil crops (oil palm, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, groundnut, coconut, olive), oil palm has the lowest average species richness and carbon footprint associated with an annual production of one litre of vegetable oil. For each crop, these yield-adjusted footprints differ substantially between major producer countries, which we find to be largely the result of differences in crop management. Closing agricultural yield gaps of oil crops through improved management practices would significantly reduce the environmental footprints per oil yield. This would minimise the need for further land conversion to oil cropland and indeed could increase production to such an extent that a significant area of oil croplands could be ecologically restored.

scholarly journals Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Terhadap Decanter Solid dan Pupuk Phospor di Pembibitan Utama

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Sarman Sarman ◽  
Elly Indraswari ◽  
Ahmad Husni
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
G 13

Oil palm is one of the most important plantation crops in the plantation sector in Indonesia. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is a vegetable oil-producing plant in the form of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). CPO productivity is very much determined by quality and productive seeds. Oil palm (Elaeis guineenses Jacq) is a vegetable oil-producing plant which produce Crude Palm Oil (CPO). This study aims to determine the response of oil palm seedling growth to the provision of solid food containers and phosphate fertilizers at various doses in the main nursery. This research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, Mendalo Indah, Jambi Luar Kota District, Muaro Jambi Regency. This research was conducted for 3 months from September to December 2019. Design of the experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with one factor, the application of various solid decanter compositions consisting of 6 treatments levels : p0= fertilizer NPKMg 44g/polybag; p1=decanter solid 140 g + 13 g (TSP) / polybag; p2=decanter solid 240 g + 13 g (TSP) / polybag; p3 = decanter solid 340 g + 13 g (TSP)/polybag; p4 = decanter solid 440 g + 13 g (TSP)/polybag; and p5 = decanter solid 540 g + 13 g (TSP) / polybag. Variables observed were  plant height,  number of leaves, stem diameter, total leaf area, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and root shoot ratio. The results showed that giving solid decanter at various doses was able to increase growth  in all observed variables and was able to sow seedling growth at recommended fertilization doses. The application of solid decanter 140 g + 13 g (TSP) is the best dose to increase the seed height variable and able to exceed the  seed height at the recommended dose of fertilizing oil palm seedlings in the main nursery.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUSINESS ETHICS IN THE PALM OIL INDUSTRY

MODUS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Felix Wisnu Isdaryadi
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World

Abstract Palm oil is the most produced vegetable oil in the world today-approximately 37 million metric tons, andis entirely GMO-free. Oil palm produces up to 10 times more oil per hectare than soybean, rapeseed or sunfower. Although oil palm is a more sustainable source of vegetable oil than other oil crops, there is concern that the growing demand of palm oil for food and bio fuel could lead to rapid and ill-managed expansion of palm oil production and result in serious environmental and social consequences. It is vital that the production and use of palm oil must be done in a sustainable manner based on economic, social and environmental viability. It becomes clear that these actions are benefcial on one hand, but, on the other hand, might be harmful in the long run. The palm oil industry may result in rapid economic growth. However, it could also degrade the environment, whichin turn could lead to public health problems in the longer term, decreasethe productivity and harm the economy.Keywords: palm oil industry, business ethics, environment, economy.

scholarly journals Pengurangan Emisi CO2 dari Pemanfaatan Limbah Pelepah Kelapa Sawit pada Produksi Batako Serat

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Zainuri Zainuri ◽  
Dedi Zargustin ◽  
Gusneli Yanti ◽  
Shanti Wahyuni Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTRACTPalm oil midrib waste has not been utilized so far, so it has potentially contributed CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The area of oil palm plantations in Riau province in 2015 was 2,400,900 hectares and in 2016 increased by 2,430,500 hectares. The oil palm midrib waste produced by 148 trees per hectare is 3.108 tons/month or 37.296 tons/year. It means that with 2,430,500 hectares of palm plantations, the resulting waste is 90,647,928 tons/year. The waste can affect the environment. If the palm oil midribs that have been cut and then stacked or burned will contribute large CO2 emissions to the environment. One of the efforts to utilize palm oil midrib waste is to use the fiber as an added material in the brick making. The purpose of this study is to calculate the reduction of CO2 emissions by utilizing palm oil midrib waste on fiber-brick production. The method used in this research is a descriptive method. The research carried out is quantitative with an experimental approach and laboratory research. The findings of this study are that the utilization of palm oil midrib fibers which are used as additives to the manufacture of fiber-brick concrete can reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 231,420.06 tons/year. The conclusion of this study is that CO2 emissions produced from fiber-brick production machines in 1 m3 are 0.00179 ton and CO2 emissions that can be reduced by utilizing palm oil midrib fiber as an additive to fiber-brick production by 231,420.06 tons/year. Keywords: CO2, emissions, oil palm, midribABSTRAKLimbah pelepah kelapa sawit selama ini masih belum dimanfaatkan, sehingga berpotensi menyumbangkan emisi CO2 ke udara. Luas perkebunan kelapa sawit yang ada di provinsi Riau tahun 2015 adalah 2.400.900 hektar dan pada tahun 2016 meningkat sebesar 2.430.500 hektar. Limbah pelepah kelapa sawit yang dihasilkan oleh 148 pohon per hektar adalah 3,108 ton/bulan atau 37,296 ton/tahun. Artinya, dengan luas perkebunan sawit 2.430.500 hektar, maka limbah yang dihasilkan sebesar 90.647.928 ton/tahun. Limbah tersebut dapat berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan. Apabila pelepah kelapa sawit yang telah dipotong lalu ditumpuk atau dibakar akan menyumbangkan emisi CO2 yang besar terhadap lingkungan. Salah satu upaya memanfaatkan limbah pelepah kelapa sawit adalah memakai seratnya sebagai bahan tambah dalam pembuatan batako. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghitung pengurangan emisi CO2 dengan dimanfaatkannya limbah pelepah kelapa sawit pada produksi batako-serat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan bersifat kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimental dan riset laboratorium. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemanfaatan serat pelepah kelapa sawit yang dijadikan sebagai bahan tambah pada pembuatan batako-serat dapat mengurangi emisi karbon dioksida (CO2) sebesar 231.420,06 ton/tahun. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan dari mesin produksi batako-serat dalam 1 m3 adalah 0,00179 ton/m3 dan emisi CO2 yang dapat dikurangi dengan memanfaatkan serat pelepah kelapa sawit sebagai bahan tambah pada produksi batako-serat sebesar 231.420,06 ton/tahun.Kata kunci: CO2, emisi, kelapa sawit, pelepah

scholarly journals The Challenge of Indonesian Diplomacy Against Palm Oil Discrimination

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
Windratmo Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Phase Out

ABSTRACTIndonesia will continue to face a discrimination of palm commodity in European Union in the next decade. The challenge the European black campaign against palm oil is not easy to overcome. Most of European people have a bad perception about palm oil. The issue of palm oil is not only about the forestation, but also it is influenced by bad perception on health and social impact. It is a time for Indonesian diplomacy to make a strategy to resolve this issue by improving public diplomacy through lobbying, corporate diplomacy and identification of stakeholders. Although in the European Parliament statement does not mention the elimination of palm oil, discrimination against palm oil will continue in the trilogy. Palm oil must face accusations from various interested parties such as NGOs and members of parliament who have relations with farmers in Europe. They have a strategy to phase out using palm oil for biofuels. The issue of palm oil is not only about a battle of the vegetable industry anymore, but it is more about politics to defend other vegetable oil in the market by disseminating any kind issues related to oil palm plantation. It must be deal with the total diplomacy taken by all stakeholders in Indonesia and in Europe.           Key words: oil palm, public diplomacy, biofuels, European Parliament

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