scholarly journals Intra- and Inter-Annual Growth Patterns of a Mixed Pine-Oak Forest under Mediterranean Climate

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1746
Author(s):  
Elisabet Martínez-Sancho ◽  
Emilia Gutiérrez ◽  
Cristina Valeriano ◽  
Montse Ribas ◽  
Margarita I. Popkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Temperature and precipitation variability throughout the year control the intra-annual dynamics of tree-ring formation. Physiological adaptation of trees to climate change is among the key issues to better understand and predict future forest performance and composition. In this study, we investigated the species’ coexistence and performance of Scots pine and pubescent oak growing in a mixed sub-Mediterranean forest in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. We assessed intra-annual cumulative growth patterns derived from band dendrometers during four consecutive growing seasons and long-term changes in basal area increment for the period 1950–2014. Our results revealed that Scots pine followed an intra-annual bimodal growth pattern. Scots pine growth was mainly limited by water availability at intra-annual, interannual and decadal time scales, which resulted in a negative long-term growth trend. Conversely, oak displayed a unimodal growth pattern, which was less climatically constrained. A significant increase in basal area of oak denotes an overall better potential acclimation to prevailing climatic conditions at the expenses of a higher risk of physiological failure during extreme climate events.

ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MAIN CLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE YIELD OF WINTER CEREAL CROPS ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS FOR FORECASTING PURPOSES

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Halina A. Kamyshenka
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The results of a statistical assessment of the influence of changing weather and climatic conditions of the territory of Belarus on the productivity of the main winter cereal crops are presented in order to build computational models of productivity. The calculations were made with respect to the climatic component as a predictor, taking into account the deviations of air temperature and precipitation from the long-term climatic norm of months that have the most significant effect on the yield of the studied crops. For winter rye and wheat, adequate models of yield variability have been built. The research results are relevant for solving forecasting problems.

scholarly journals Analysis of climate change in Dnipropetrovsk Region

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
V. V. Hrynchak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

The decision about writing this article was made after familiarization with the "Brief Climatic Essay of Dnepropetrovsk City (prepared based on observations of 1886 – 1937)" written by the Head of the Dnipropetrovsk Weather Department of the Hydrometeorological Service A. N. Mikhailov. The guide has a very interesting fate: in 1943 it was taken by the Nazis from Dnipropetrovsk and in 1948 it returned from Berlin back to the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological and Environmental Directorate of the USSR, as evidenced by a respective entry on the Essay's second page. Having these invaluable materials and data of long-term weather observations in Dnipro city we decided to analyze climate changes in Dnipropetrovsk region. The article presents two 50-year periods, 1886-1937 and 1961-2015, as examples. Series of observations have a uniform and representative character because they were conducted using the same methodology and results processing. We compared two main characteristics of climate: air temperature and precipitation. The article describes changes of average annual temperature values and absolute temperature values. It specifies the shift of seasons' dates and change of seasons' duration. We studied the changes of annual precipitation and peculiarities of their seasonable distribution. Apart from that peculiarities of monthly rainfall fluctuations and their heterogeneity were specified. Since Dnipro city is located in the center of the region the identified tendencies mainly reflect changes of climatic conditions within the entire Dnipropetrovsk region.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF STABILITY OF SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES (Hordeum vulgare L.) IN MODERN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE ARKHANGELSK REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Ольга Батакова ◽  
Olga Batakova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Yield Formation

The long-term dynamics of the main meteorological indicators is analyzed, their compliance with the requirements of growth and development of promising varieties of barley is established. Over the past 19 years, there has been an upward trend in temperature and precipitation over all months during the growing season. The significant effect of the sum of effective temperatures and hydrothermal coefficient on the yield formation of the studied barley varieties was established. The data obtained indicate the need to create varieties that are more resistant to high temperatures. Under changing meteorological conditions, important indicators of varieties are their resistance to stress conditions of growth (U2 – U1) and genetic flexibility of the variety (U1 + U2)/2. In our experiments established that the high stress resistance have varieties of Dina and Kotlasskiy; the increased genetic flexibility was highest in the varieties Kotlasskiy and Tausen'. The lowest coefficient of variation (V) was observed in Kotlasskiy variety, the most high — variety Vard. The highest stability index and index of the level of stability of the yield of the variety were noted in the Kotlasskiy variety.

A new method for evaluating forest thinning: growth dominance in managed Pinus resinosa stands

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Bradford ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Brian J. Palik ◽  
Shawn Fraver
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
New Method ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Tree Growth

Growth dominance is a relatively new, simple, quantitative metric of within-stand individual tree growth patterns, and is defined as positive when larger trees in the stand display proportionally greater growth than smaller trees, and negative when smaller trees display proportionally greater growth than larger trees. We examined long-term silvicultural experiments in red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.) to characterize how stand age, thinning treatments (thinned from above, below, or both), and stocking levels (residual basal area) influence stand-level growth dominance through time. In stands thinned from below or from both above and below, growth dominance was not significantly different from zero at any age or stocking level. Growth dominance in stands thinned from above trended from negative at low stocking levels to positive at high stocking levels and was positive in young stands. Growth dominance in unthinned stands was positive and increased with age. These results suggest that growth dominance provides a useful tool for assessing the efficacy of thinning treatments designed to reduce competition between trees and promote high levels of productivity across a population, particularly among crop trees.

scholarly journals Uneven-aged silviculture of Scots pine in Bohemia and Central Spain: comparison study of stand reaction to transition and long-term selection management

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 22-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Gallo ◽  
Lukáš Bílek ◽  
Václav Šimůnek ◽  
Sonia Roig ◽  
José Alfredo Bravo Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Intensively Managed

The achievement of sustainable forest management requires the incorporation of ongoing environmental changes into long-term planning. Moreover, in time of climatic change and changing company demands, importance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is still increasing at the expense of other tree species due to its low ecological requirements. The aim of the study was to compare the structure and production of Scots pine stands managed under different silvicultural systems on four research plots, assess the structural and diversity indices, and analyse the increment structure using tree-ring dating in the Czech Republic and Spain. Area of study was Western Bohemian and Guadarrama Mountain range in Central Spain. The results indicate that stand volume on the investigated plots ranged from 231 to 441 m<sup>3</sup>∙ha<sup>–1</sup> with tree density 276–996 trees∙ha<sup>–1</sup>. Intensively managed (uneven-aged) permanent research plots showed increased growth on basal area. The difference was evident also for older trees. The transition to uneven-aged forest does not negatively influence stocking and wood production and provide higher benefits for diversity and structural complexity in comparison to regular stands.

Effets des coupes d'éclaircie et des variations climatiques interannuelles sur la production et la teneur en sucre de la sève d'une érablière

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1815-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pothier
Keyword(s):  
Sap Flow ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Strongly Correlated

A study was initiated in 1975 on a sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) stand of the Station forestière de Duchesnay (46°57′N, 71°39′W) to determine the effect of thinning on sap production of sugar maple. From 1975 to 1989, spring sap flow and sugar concentration were measured in 58 sample plots distributed in five blocks within which three intensities of thinning (0, 22, and 35% of the initial basal area) were applied. Thinning intensities only accounted for a small part of the variation in sap volume per tap and sap sugar concentration. However, more than 60% of the variation of these two sap characteristics was related to year-to-year variations. This suggests that sap yield and sap sugar concentration were largely controlled by the different climatic conditions that occurred during these years. Hence, sap yield was strongly correlated with the number of days characterized by temperature fluctuations around 0 °C during springtime and by winter precipitation. Sap sugar concentration was also correlated to the number of days with temperature fluctuating around 0 °C during springtime but all other tested meteorological variables failed to improve this relationship. While thinning intensities did not affect sap yield per tap and sugar concentration, sugar yield per hectare could be improved by thinning over the long term since it increased the potential number of taps per hectare.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study of mandibular behavior in Class I subjects with vertical and horizontal growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 25e1-25e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Barnabé Raveli ◽  
Savana Maia ◽  
Luana Paz Sampaio ◽  
Denise Rocha Goes Landázuri ◽  
Taísa Boamorte Raveli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Class I ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate possible differences in mandibular behavior in Class I individuals with vertical and horizontal growth patterns. METHODS: The sample consisted of 20 untreated Class I individuals divided into: Group 1 comprising 10 individuals with vertical growth pattern and Group 2 comprising 10 individuals with horizontal growth pattern, all of them belonging to the Burlington Growth Center files, University of Toronto-Canada, radiographically followed-up at ages 9, 12 and 21. Cephalometric radiographs, determined mean values for a long-term evaluation of mandibular behavior using the following measurements: SNB, Co-GN, SN.GoMe, anterior facial height and posterior facial height. RESULTS: SNB and Co-Gn values were higher in horizontal growth group at all of the ages studied; SN.GoMe measure was significantly lower in horizontal growth group; anterior facial height (AFH) showed lower values in individuals with horizontal growth pattern; and posterior facial height (PFH) showed lower values in individuals with vertical growth pattern. CONCLUSION: Long-term comparisons of Class I individuals' growth tendencies indicate that there are significant differences between both groups. Mandible showed a trend to clockwise rotation in Group 1. Group 2 showed a trend to brachycephalic facial form, due to the deficit in vertical development with regard to anterior facial height.

scholarly journals Trees do not always act their age: size-deterministic tree ring standardization for long-term trend estimation in shade-tolerant trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4815-4827
Author(s):  
Rachel Dietrich ◽  
Madhur Anand
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ring Formation ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Biological Growth ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species

Abstract. With increasing awareness of the consequences of climate change for global ecosystems, the focus and application of tree ring research have shifted to reconstruction of long-term climate-related trends in tree growth. Contemporary methods for estimating and removing biological growth trends from tree ring series (standardization) are ill-adapted to shade-tolerant species, leading to biases in the resultant chronologies. Further, many methods, including regional curve standardization (RCS), encounter significant limitations for species in which accurate age estimation is difficult. In this study we present and test two tree ring standardization models that integrate tree size in the year of ring formation into the estimation of the biological growth trend. The first method, dubbed size-deterministic standardization (SDS), uses tree diameter as the sole predictor of the growth trend. The second method includes the combined (COMB) effects of age and diameter. We show that both the SDS and COMB methods reproduce long-term trends in simulated tree ring data better than conventional methods; this result is consistent across multiple species. Further, when applied to real tree ring data, the SDS and COMB models reproduce long-term, time-related trends as reliably as traditional RCS and more reliably than other common standardization methods (i.e. C-method, basal area increments, conservative detrending). We recommend the inclusion of tree size in the year of ring formation in future tree ring standardization models, particularly when dealing with shade-tolerant species, as it does not compromise model accuracy and allows for the inclusion of unaged trees.

scholarly journals Evaluating tree-to-tree competition during stand development in a relict Scots pine forest: how much does climate matter?

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Marqués ◽  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Miguel A. Zavala ◽  
Markus Stoffel ◽  
Juan A. Ballesteros-Cánovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Relict Population ◽  
Competition Effects ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Key message Competitive interactions change over time and their influence on tree growth is intensified during drought events in marginal Scots pine populations. Abstract Competition is a key factor driving forest dynamics and stand structure during the course of stand development. Although the role of neighbourhood competition on stand dynamics has received increasing attention, the response of competition to environmental fluctuations and stand development remains poorly explored. We evaluated changes in competition during stand development in a dry-edge Scots pine relict population located in Central Spain. Typically, tree-to-tree interactions have been investigated through static competition measurements, which usually lack the temporal variation associated to natural forest development and environmental conditions. Here, we assessed how individual and neighbourhood components of competition evolved along a 35-year period, and we related competition dynamics to population structure and drought levels. On six plots, 508 trees were mapped and diameters at breast height (DBH) were measured. Two increment cores were taken from target trees to derive basal area increment (BAI), and neighbourhood was reconstructed back to 1980. Results provide insights into inter-annual variability in competition effects and their role on tree radial growth depending on climatic conditions. From the year 2005 onwards, both individual and neighbourhood components of competition showed a decoupled pattern over time. This effect was particularly pronounced during the extreme drought in 2012, in which the individual component decreased, whereas the neighbourhood component increased. In addition, climatic variability modulated the competition effects during stand development. This approach of evaluating competition dynamics proves to be promising for studying forest stand development and the influence of climate impacts on tree populations subjected to xeric conditions.

scholarly journals Silver Fir Defoliation Likelihood Is Related to Negative Growth Trends and High Warming Sensitivity at Their Southernmost Distribution Limit

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Linares ◽  
J. Julio Camarero
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Vegetation Shifts ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Visual Assessments

Changes in radial growth have been used to estimate tree decline probability since they may indicate tree responses to long- and short-term stressors. We used visual assessments of crown defoliation, an indicator of decline, and retrospective tree-ring analyses to determine whether climate-growth sensitivity and tree growth rates may be used as predictors of tree die-off probability in Abies alba (silver fir) at the Spanish Pyrenees. We used climatic data to calculate standardized temperature and precipitation data and drought indexes. Basal area increment was measured for declining (defoliation > 50%) and nondeclining (defoliation < 50%) silver firs in stands with contrasting defoliation. Logistic regressions were applied to predict tree die-off. Since the early 1980s, a synchronised reduction in basal area increment was observed in declining trees. The basal area increment trend correctly classified 64% of declining trees and 94% of nondeclining trees. The growth sensitivity to water deficit, temperature, and a drought index also significantly predicted silver fir decline, but providing underestimated predictions. Our findings underscore the idea that long-term climatic warming seems to be a major driver of growth decline in silver fir. Ongoing growth reduction and enhanced mortality may promote vegetation shifts in declining Pyrenean A. alba forests.

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